미생물제제 이용 토마토 잎곰팡이병 방제시기 및 살포회수 결정

강범룡,고숙주,김도익,최덕수,김선곤 한국식물병리학회 2011 식물병연구 Vol.17 No.2

In order to develop a environmentally friendly control protocol for managing tomato leaf mold disease in the field, we employed bacteria- and fungi-based commercially available microbial preparations. The field experiment was conducted from April to July in 2010. Average incidence rates tomato leaf mold caused by Fulvia fulva were 13.1% at the two plastic houses located in Jangsung, Jeonnam area. Initially 11 microbial preparations were tested for antifungal activity against F. fulva in vitro. Among them, 7 selected preparations showed to be inhibited the mycelial growth of the fungal pathogen over 50%. Four microbes suppressed disease incidence as much 50% under greenhouse condition. Eventually in the field two microbial products including Bacillus subtilis GB-0365 and B. subtilis KB-401 respectively were showed control value up to 71.8% for four times sprays from 20 days to 70 days after transplanting. Furthermore, the control value of three times spray program demonstrated 79.3%. Efficacy of the three and four spray programs was more effective than that of non-spray control treatment. Our results indicated that adjustment of application method of commercially available microbial preparation could be used to control a target plant disease as an effective and efficient crop protection system for organic farming. 친환경 미생물제제를 이용하여 개발된 방제프로그램에 의해 토마토 잎곰팡이병에 대한 효과를 검정하였다. 2010년 4월부터 7월까지 시설내에서 토마토 잎곰팡이병은 약 13.1% 발생하였다. PDA 배지에서 잎곰팡이병원균의 균사 생장을 50% 이상 억제한 친환경유기농자재 7종을 선발하였다. 선발된 4종 병해관리용 유기농자재는 온실에서 50% 이상의 방제효율을 나타냈으며, 최종적으로 Bacillus subtilis GB-0365와 B. subtilis KB-401 2종은 토마토 정식 20일부터 70일까지 4회 살포시 71.8% 이상의 방제효과를 나타냈으며, 3회 처리시에는 79.3%의 우수한 방제효과를 나타냈다. 따라서 토마토 친환경 유기재배농가를 위해 선발된 친환경농자재와 시기에 따른 살포방법에 의한 방제프로그램은 효율적인 모델로 이용 가능할 것으로 기대된다.

Hydrogen Cyanide Produced by Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6 Exhibits Nematicidal Activity against Meloidogyne hapla

강범룡,Anne J. Anderson,김영철 한국식물병리학회 2018 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.34 No.1

Root-knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.) are parasites that attack many field crops and orchard trees, and affect both the quantity and quality of the products. A root-colonizing bacterium, Pseudomonas chlororaphis O6, possesses beneficial traits including strong nematicidal activity. To determine the molecular mechanisms involved in the nematicidal activity of P. chlororaphis O6, we constructed two mutants; one lacking hydrogen cyanide production, and a second lacking an insecticidal toxin, FitD. Root drenching with wild-type P. chlororaphis O6 cells caused juvenile mortality in vitro and in planta. Efficacy was not altered in the fitD mutant compared to the wild-type but was reduced in both bioassays for the mutant lacking hydrogen cyanide production. The reduced number of galls on tomato plants caused by the wild-type strain was comparable to that of a standard chemical nematicide. These findings suggest that hydrogen cyanide-producing root colonizers, such as P. chlororaphis O6, could be formulated as “green” nematicides that are compatible with many crops and offer agricultural sustainability.

Fungicide pyraclostrobin의 고추 세균점무늬병 예방효과

강범룡,이장훈,김영철 한국식물병리학회 2018 식물병연구 Vol.24 No.1

Pyraclostrobin is a broad-spectrum fungicide that inhibits mitochondrial respiration. However, it may also induce systemic resistance effective against bacterial and viral diseases. In this study, we evaluated whether pyraclostrobin enhanced resistance against the bacterial spot pathogen, Xanthomonas euvesicatora on pepper (Capsicum annuum). Although pyraclostrobin alone did not suppressed the in vitro growth of X. euvesicatoria, disease severity in pepper was significantly lower by 69% after treatments with pyraclostrobin alone. A combination of pyraclostrobin with streptomycin reduced disease by over 90% that of the control plants. The preventive control of the pyraclostrobin against bacterial spot was required application 1–3 days before pathogen inoculation. Our findings suggest that the fungicide pyraclostrobin can be used with a chemical pesticide to control bacterial leaf spot diseases in pepper. Pyraclostrobin은 광범위한 스펙트럼의 항진균 활성이 있는 퀴논외부저해제(Quinone outside inhibitor, QoI)로 작용하는 살균제이다. 기존 보고에 의하면 pyraclostrobin이 일부 세균병과 바이러스병에 대해 병 저항성을 유도한다고 알려져 있다. 본 연구는 pyraclostrobin 항진균제를 활용하여 고추 세균점무늬병(Xanthomonas euvesicatoria)의 예방 가능성을 검토하였다. Pyraclostrobin은in vitro 상에서 X. euvesicatoria에 대해 항균활성이 없었지만, 고추에 pyraclostrobin 단독(방제가 69%) 또는 streptomycin 과 혼합 살포(방제가 90%) 하였을 때, 고추 세균점무늬병 예방 효과를 나타냈다. Pyraclostrobin의 고추 세균점무늬병 예방 효과는 병원균 접종 1-3일전이 효과적이었다. 이상의 결과로 pyraclostrobinpyraclostrobin 살진균제를 활용하여 고추 세균점무늬병을 효과적으로 예방할 수 있을 것을 사료된다.

리보플라빈을 함유한 바이오닥터TM 처리에 따른 벼 도열병과 흰잎마름병 억제효과

강범룡,한송희,김철홍,김영철 한국식물병리학회 2016 식물병연구 Vol.22 No.3

Rice bacterial blight and blast are devastating rice diseases in worldwide. Riboflavin, vitamin B2, is an essential nutrient for human health, and is known to be as a growth regulator and as a plant defense activator against pathogens in plants. In this study, we investigated possibility of increasing internal vitamin B contents and inducing resistances against rice diseases by external foliar application of a riboflavin-based formulator called BioDoctor. In planta bioassay indicated that pretreatment of the foliar application of 1,000-fold or 500-fold diluted BioDoctor significantly induced disease resistance against rice blast and bacterial blight. In addition, about four fold higher levels of riboflavin contents were detected in the BioDoctor treated rice grain and stem compared to those of untreated rice. Our results indicated that foliar application of the riboflavin has a great potential to control plant diseases and to enhance internal vitamin contents in rice.

Biocontrol of Tomato Fusarium Wilt by a Novel Genotype of 2,4-Diacetylphloroglucinol-producing Pseudomonas sp. NJ134

강범룡 한국식물병리학회 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.1

The rhizobacterium NJ134, showing strong in vitro antifungal activity against Fusarium oxysporum, was isolated from field grown tomato plants and identified as Pseudomonas sp. based on 16S ribosomal DNA sequence and biochemical analyses. The antifungal compound purified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry,infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance analyses from NJ134 cultures was polyketide 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol (DAPG). Analysis of the sequence of part of one of the genes associated with DAPG synthesis, phlD, indicated that the DAPG producer NJ134 was a novel genotype or variant of existing genotype termed O that have been categorized based on isolates from Europe and North America. A greenhouse study indicated that about 108 CFU/g of soil NJ134 culture application was required for effective biocontrol of Fusarium wilt in tomato. These results suggest that a new variant genotype of a DAPG-producing strain of Pseudomonas has the potential to control Fusarium wilt under the low disease pressure conditions.

벼 유기재배에서 석회보르도액을 이용한 벼 잎도열병 방제 효과

강범룡,김선곤,김도익,이용환,최경주,최용수 한국식물병리학회 2008 식물병연구 Vol.14 No.3

Recently organic farming practice of rice has been emerged in Korea, but one of the major limiting factor is the no effective environmental-friendly agro-materials to control major plant diseases. Bordeaux mixture has been used effectively as a preventive agro-chemical. The aim of this study was to investigate efficacy of Bordeanux mixture on control of rice blast caused by Magnaporthe grisea which is one of the disruptive rice diseases in world-wide. In greenhouse experiment, pre-treatment of 6-6 type of Bordeaux mixture before inoculation of spore suspension of M. grasea showed 71% of control value. In field experiment, preventive applications of 4-8 and 6-6 types of Bordeaux mixture showed over 71% of the control value. Chemical injury on rice leaves were not found in the application concentrations of all types of Bordeaux mixture, but observed in applications of Bordeaux mixtures between 30 and 100 diluted concentrations. This results indicate Bordeaux mixture can be used as an effective environmental-friendly agro-chemical to control rice blast disease in the field. 최근 벼 유기재배에서 식물병 방제를 위한 친환경농자재가 없는 것이 주요한 제한요인으로 제기되고 있다. 식물병 방제를 위해 보르도액은 효과적인 예방 농자재로 사용되어져 왔다. 본 연구에서는 석회보르도액의 벼 잎도열병 방제효과를 조사하였다. 온실검정결과 6-6식 석회보르도액 100배액을 발병초에 살포한 결과 70.8%의 방제효과를 나타냈다. 포장검정에서는 4-8식과 6-6식 석회보르도액을 살포한 결과 잎도열병에 대한 방제효과가 73.6%와71%를 나타냈다. 각각 조제한 석회보르도액의 30배와 50배 처리농도에서는 약해가 발생하였으나, 200배액 살포농도에서는 약해가 나타나지 않았다. 따라서 유기재배 및무농약 재배포장에서 벼 잎도열병 방제를 위한 효과적인친환경농자재로서 석회보르도액이 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

I-SSR 표식자를 이용한 치악산 복분자딸기(Rubus coreanus)의 공간분포에 따른 유전구조

강범룡 ( Kang Beom Lyong ),홍경락 ( Hong Gyeong Lag ),정재민 ( Jeong Jae Min ),홍용표 ( Hong Yong Pyo ) 한국산림과학회 2003 한국산림과학회지 Vol.92 No.6

This study was conducted to analyze the spatial genetic structure of Korean Black Raspberry(Rubus coreanus), a Shrubby perennial species, at Seunghwangrim in Mt. Chiak using I-SSR(inter-simple sequence repeats) marker system. Also, it was investigated the spatial pattern of total 60 individuals which was divided into `Plot Ⅰ(45 individuals)` within the stand and `Plat Ⅱ(15 individuals)` along the brooklet. There were 34 polymorphic and 5 monomophic markers generated from 5 primers. Percentage of polymorphic markers was 87.2%. Shannon`s Index showed higher genetic diversity within Plot Ⅰ(0.579) than Plot Ⅱ(0.450), and the average was 0.576. Mean distance of pairs between trees was 8.0m in Plot Ⅰand 19.8m in Plot Ⅱ, and maximum distance was 222.6m in Plot Ⅰ and 278.0m in Plot Ⅱ. Aggregation Index in Plot Ⅰ(0.647) was significant at 0.1% level, which was the clumped distribution, but that of Plot Ⅱ exhibited the random distribution. The results of spatial autocorrelation analysis revealed that the individuals in Plot Ⅰ was genetically homogeneous within spatial distance of 20m and the randomness of genetic distribution was from 20m to 60m. However, there was the absence of genetic patchiness in Plot Ⅱ. For the ex situ conservation of Korean black raspberry in Mt. Chiak, the individuals may be collected with the spatial distance of 20 meters between trees. In directional variogram using genetic distance in Plot Ⅰ, the increment of spatial distance from South-West to North-East direction was inversely proportional to genetic homogeneity and was coincided with the narrow path in the study site. The dispersal along the narrow path where high intensity of light is provided.

무농약 토마토재배에서 친환경자재와 담배장님노린재를 이용한 온실가루이 방제

김도익,고숙주,최덕수,강범룡,김선곤,최경주,김상수,황인천 한국유기농업학회 2012 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.20 No.1

Greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes Vaporariorum, is the most important insect pest in environmental friendly tomato production. Natural enemies, Nesidiocoris tenuis and environmental friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) are major control agents in Korea. The aim of the present work is to evaluate release time of N. tenuis in controlling of T. vaporariorum and to select environmental friendly agricultural materials (EFAM) to suppress both T. vaporariorum and N. tenuis which if the density were high causing necrotic rings. Six EFAM selected to control of Trialeurodes Vaporariorum in three times spray with seven days intervals. Three EFAM showed high mortality 67.7~70.5% in spray after release plot but low in release after spray plot. It should be careful to spray with N. tenuis. When N. tenuis were early release at 7 days after transplanting which before occurring and establishment of greenhouse whitefly, it could suppress the density. Extracts of bead tree + matrin, matrin 1, Chrysanthemum showed high mortality on T. vaporariorum adults and N. tenuis. The results suggested that tms three EFAM could be control agents of the damage of necrotic rings from N. tenuis.

A Trifloxystrobin Fungicide Induces Systemic Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses

한송희,강범룡,이장훈,이승환,김인선,김철홍,김영철 한국식물병리학회 2012 Plant Pathology Journal Vol.28 No.1

Trifloxystrobin is a strobilurin fungicide, which possesses broad spectrum control against fungal plant diseases. We demonstrated that pre-treating red pepper plants with trifloxystrobin resulted in increased plant growth and leaf chlorophyll content compared with those in control plants. Relative water content of the leaves and the survival rate of intact plants indicated that plants acquired systemic tolerance to drought stress following trifloxystrobin pre-treatment. The recovery rate by rehydration in the drought treated plant was better in those pre-treated with trifloxystrobin than that in water treated plants. Induced drought tolerance activity by trifloxystrobin was sustained for 25 days after initial application. The trifloxystrobin treated red pepper plants also had induced systemic tolerance to other abiotic stresses, such as frost, cold, and high temperature stresses. These findings suggest that applying the chemical fungicide trifloxystrobin induced systemic tolerance to certain abiotic stresses in red pepper plants.

월동저온, 저온기간 및 가지직경이 참다래 궤양병의 진전과 조직내 병원균 이행에 미치는 영향

고숙주,강범룡,이용환,김용환,김기청 한국식물병리학회 2000 식물병연구 Vol.6 No.2