湖南地域 靑銅器時代 前期文化의 特徵

金奎正 한국청동기학회 2011 한국청동기학보 Vol.9 No.-

호남지역의 청동기시대 전기 문화는 아직까지 조사예가 많지 않다. 그러나 최근 자료가 증가하고 있고, 유구의 밀집도는 떨어지지만 호남전역에서 확인되고 있다. 호남지역 청동기시대 전기 문화는 미사리유형을 비롯하여 가락동유형, 역삼동유형, 흔암리유형 등이 모두 확인된다. 이들 각 유형은 분포양상에 있어 차이를 보이는데 미사리유형은 현재 순창 원촌과 담양 태목리에서 확인되었으며 미사리유형의 한 요소인 미사리식토기는 익산 영등동, 섬다리에서도 확인된다. 가락동유형은 대체로 북서부지역과 중서부지역에 분포하고 있으나, 중부내륙지역에서도 확인된다. 역삼동유형과 흔암리유형은 북서부지역과 중서부지역에서는 거의 확인되지 않고 있으며 대체로 동부내륙과 동남해안지역을 중심으로 분포하고 있으며 중부내륙지역에서도 확인된다. 호남지역에서 조사된 전기유적은 주거지와 출토유물을 통해 모두 3기로 분류하였다. Ⅰ기는 각목돌대문토기를 특징으로 하는 미사리유형과 이중구연단사선문을 특징으로 하는 가락동유형으로 미사리유형은 동부내륙의 순창 원촌유적에서 확인되며, 가락동유형은 북서부지역과 중부내륙지역에서 확인된다. Ⅱ기는 가락동유형이 북서부지역은 물론 주변지역으로 확산되고 새롭게 역삼동유형과 흔암리유형이 등장하는 시기이다. 가락동식토기는 이중구연의 요소가 퇴화되지만 아직까지 이중구연의 요소는 남아 있다. Ⅲ기는 (세)장방형 주거지의 비율이 현격하게 줄어들고 방형으로의 평면이 정형화된다. 전기의 특징적인 노지는 설치되지만 Ⅲ기 후반의 가장 늦은 단계에는 일부 지역에서 새로운 형태의 원형 송국리형주거지가 등장하고 그 영향으로 방형주거지에 설치된 노지가 사라지고 원형 송국리형주거지의 특징인 타원형구덩이가 설치되는 등 주거지의 변화가 확인되고 토기의 문양은 대부분 사라지고 무문화된다. 그러나 동부내륙지역과 동남해안지역과 같이 일부지역에서는 역삼동식토기의 특징인 공열문 요소가 늦은 시기까지도 지속된다. The number of material showing the relics of the former Bronze Age in Honam (Jeollaprovinces) area has been increasing lately and their evidences, though small in number, havebeen identified across the whole area. Clear differences have been confirmed in thedistribution ways of the former Bronze Age culture in this area between Misari-type,Garakdong-type, Heunamri-type and Yeoksamdong-type assemblages. Relics of Misari-typeassemblage were surveyed in Wonchon, Sunchang, eastern inland of the provinces, and inTaemokri on the central inland region. The Misari-style pottery which is characteristic ofMisari-type assemblage was once unearthed in Yeongdeungdong, Iksan and from the remainsof Seomdari. Garakdong-type assemblage has been found in wide areas ranging from thenorthwestern and midwestern parts of the country to the central inland region. Garakdong-style pottery, characteristically of Garakdong-type assemblage with clear form of double rim atthe mouth, was found to have been changed to the one with the vestige of double rim leftonly vaguely. Although Yeoksamdong-type and Heunamri-type assemblages were identifiedin Jangdong, Jeonju in the northwestern part of the region and among shell mounds in BieungIsland along the west coast of the country, lots of them are spread mostly in the east inlandregion and along the southeastern coastal area, particularly centered around the central inlandregion.Judging from the remained settlements and unearthed relics, all the remains of the formerBronze Age surveyed in Honam area could be classified into 3 phases. The phase I referred tothe period when Misari-type assemblage, characteristic of Gakmokdoldaemun pottery, as wellas Garakdong-type assemblage, characteristic of double-rimmed pottery, appeared for the firsttime in Honam area. Among them, Misari-type assemblage was confirmed at the relics ofWonchon, Sunchang and Garakdong-type assemblage was ascertained in the northwesternpart of the country and at the central inland region. The phase Ⅱwas the period whenGarakdong-type assemblage started spreading not only toward the northwestern region buteven toward other surrounding areas and Yeoksamdong-type and Heunamri--typeassemblages made appearance newly. Garakdong-style pottery had double rims degeneratedbut still reminiscent. In the phase III, the proportion of rectangular (narrow) settlementsreduced drastically and square-shaped ones became typified. The remains of firing places,characteristic of the former Bronze Age, remained to be seen but pattern in potterydisappeared gradually and even tended to be patternless. During the latest part of the phase Ⅲ, new type of circular Songgukri-type assemblage made entry exercising influence upon thesquare-type settlements, forcing out firing places and introducing oval-type pits, characteristicof circular Songgukri-type settlements. Most of patterns existed no more in pottery andpatternless stamp paddled deep bowl pottery became prevalent. In some of areas like easterninland and southeastern coastal area, Yeoksamdong-type pottery lasted upto the later periodof the phase.

Development of the Exoskeleton Knee Rehabilitation Robot Using the Linear Actuator

김규정,한창수,강민성,최윤성,장혜연,한정수 한국정밀공학회 2012 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.13 No.10

This study aimed to develop a robot for effective knee joint rehabilitation. A kinematic approach was used to make exoskeleton robot joints to have the same range of motion (ROM) as that of human knee joints, and a robot exoskeleton was proposed to enable the wearer maintain a proper posture during rehabilitation therapy. This robot is generally used for the rehabilitation therapy for knee lesion patients (e.g., after knee replacement arthroplasty and cruciate ligament reconstruction), where the patients usually lie down wearing this robot. The alignment of the knees and body is a critical factor for the success of the therapy. Considering the rehabilitation therapy posture, the robot was manufactured with a kinematic structure different from that of the existing robots for knee rehabilitation therapy. In this study, the kinematic mechanism of the knee rehabilitation robot was described, and the actuator for the robot was selected by measuring the human knee joint motion and torque. Thus, an exoskeleton robot that is significantly different from the existing knee rehabilitation robots was developed.

복합 운동을 적용한 다관절 상지 재활회복운동 로봇 개념설계

김규정(K. J. Kim),한창수(C. S. Han),고광진(K.J. Ko),장혜연(H.Y. Jang),서아름(A.R. Seo),한정수(J.S. Han) 한국정밀공학회 2011 한국정밀공학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2011 No.6월

영산강유역 청동기시대 중기 분묘 일고찰 -석관묘와 석관형 구조를 중심으로-

김규정 한국청동기학회 2021 한국청동기학보 Vol.29 No.-

영산강유역 청동기시대 분묘는 지석묘로 대표되는데 이에 대한 연구는 활발히 진행되었으나 그 외 청동기시대 분묘에 대한 연구는 전무한 것으로 볼 수 있다. 이는 지상에 노출되어 육안으로 확인 가능한 지석묘의 표지적 특성에 따른 것으로 다른 형태의 분묘는 지하에 위치하여 발굴조사를 통해서만 확인 가능하기 때문에 인지도의 차이가 발생한다. 영산강유역 지석묘는 전기부터 축조되며, 주로 석곽형 구조를 보이지만 최근 석관묘와 유사한 석관형 구조가 많이 확인되고 있어 주목된다. 영산강유역에서 지석묘 하부구조로 석관형 구조가 축조되기 시작한 것은 송국리문화가 유입되는 시기와 맞물린다. 영산강유역은 청동기시대 전기부터 여러 지역으로부터 다양한 문화가 유입되는데 중기에는 금강ㆍ 만경강유역의 송국리문화가 호남 전역으로 확산되면서 영산강유역도 송국리문화의 중심분포권에 포함된다. 분묘 또한 송국리형묘제인 석관묘, 석개토광묘, 옹관묘가 축조되기 시작하지만 지석묘에 비해 활발하게 축조되지는 않는다. 따라서 영산강유역 청동기시대 중기의 문화상은 주거지는 송국리문화, 분묘는 지석묘문화를 특징으로 한다. 지석묘의 경우 상징성이 강한 上石은 큰 변화없이 유지되면서 하부구조는 송국리문화의 영향으로 石棺이 적극적으로 채용되기 시작한다. 영산강유역은 지석묘라는 전통 묘제를 기반으로 상당한 결속력을 가졌던 것으로 볼 수 있으며 강한 유대감을 바탕으로 영산강유역 지석묘사회라는 독자적 문화권을 형성하게 된다. 이러한 전통은 점토대토기문화가 유입된 이후까지도 한동안 지속되는데 이후 철기문화가 유입되면서 전통적 지석묘사회는 쇠퇴하고 옹관묘라는 새로운 매장관습을 받아 들여 영산강유역만의 독특한 옹관고분사회로 발전하는 배경이 된다. Researches on the Bronze Age tombs in the Yeongsangang River basin represented mostly by dolmens have been actively conducted so far while other types of the same age tombs in the area seem to have seldom been studied. This is due to the attention-getting characteristics of the dolmens exposed to the ground and visible with the naked eyes, which caused a difference in awareness since other types of tombs are hidden underground and can only be identified through excavation. The dolmens in the Yeongsangang River basin started to have been constructed from the former age on with mainly a stone-lined structure, but it is noteworthy that the structures of many stone-lined tombs similar to those of the stone coffins have been found recently. In the Yeongsangang River basin, the construction time of stone-lined tombs as substructures of dolmens is overlapped with the period when Songguk-ri culture was introduced. Starting from the early Bronze Age, various cultures originated from lots of other regions flowed into the Yeongsangang River basin. During the mid age, Songguk-ri culture of the Geumgang and Mangyeonggang River basins spread throughout Honam, having prompted by thus the Yeongsangang River basin to be included in the central distribution area of Songguk-ri culture. Songguk-ri-type tombs such as stone coffins, pit tombs with stone covers and jar coffins also began to be built, although not in so an active way as compared to dolmens. It may be thus said that the cultural aspect of the Middle Bronze Age in the Yeongsangang River basin can be characterized by Songguk-ri culture in the residential area and by dolmen culture in the tombs. In case of dolmen burials, while the strongly symbolic cap stone remained unchanged, stone coffin began to be actively employed as a substructure under the influence of Songguk-ri culture. It can be seen that the Yeongsangang River basin showed off a fairly strong solidarity based on the traditional burial system called dolmen burials, forming by thus an independent cultural sphere coined the Yeongsangang River basin dolmen burial society thanks to its strong bond with each other. Such tradition continued for a while even after the round clay rim pottery culture was introduced. Later, with influx of the ironware culture, the traditional dolmen burial society declined, and a new burial custom called jar burial was adopted, which became the background for developing into an ancient jar burial society unique to the Yeongsangang River basin.

호남지역 마한 성립기 주거지 일고찰

김규정 ( Kim Gyu Joung ) 호남고고학회 2021 湖南考古學報 Vol.67 No.-

호남지역은 마한의 성립과 함께 각 지역을 중심으로 다양한 정치체가 형성된다. 호남지역 마한 성립기 주거지는 아직 조사된 유적이 많지 않아 그 실체가 명확하지 않다. 다만 중국측 기록을 따르면 늦어도 기원전 3세기에는 마한이 성립된 것으로 보인다. 마한 성립의 주체는 재지의 송국리문화가 바탕이지만 외래의 점토대토기문화도 영향을 미친 것으로 보인다. 호남지역 마한 성립기 주거지는 재지의 송국리식주거지가 지속되는 한편 평면 방형에 중앙에 爐가 있는 새로운 구조의 주거지가 축조된다. 호남지역 마한 성립기 토기는 재지의 송국리식토기가 변화·발전되고 외래의 점토대토기와 점토대토기가 변화·발전된 경질무문토기를 특징으로 한다. 점토대토기는 구연부의 단면형태에 따라 원형과 삼각형으로 구분되는데, 금강·만경강유역은 원형과 삼각형점토대토기가 공반된 것으로 보아 비교적 이른 시기에 원형에서 삼각형으로 변화된 것으로 보인다. 영산강·서남해안지역과 섬진강·동남해안지역에서는 삼각형점토대토기의 삼각형점토띠가 퇴화되면서 경질무문토기로 발전한 것으로 보인다. 호남지역 마한 성립 시기는 절대연대와 출토유물로 볼 때 금강·만경강유역은 기원전 4세기로 편년되고, 동진강·중서부지역과 영산강·서남해안지역은 기원전 3세기, 섬진강·동남해안지역은 기원전 2세기로 편년된다. 호남지역 마한 정치체는 재지의 송국리문화를 바탕으로 재지집단이 활발한 대외교류를 통해 새로운 문물을 받아들이면서 발전하였다. 지금까지 출토된 외래 유물로 볼 때 기원전 4세기~기원전 2세기까지는 금강·만경강유역 정치체가 대외교류의 중심이지만, 기원전 2세기~기원전 1세기 이후에는 영산강·서남해안지역 마한 정치체가 대외교류의 중심으로 부상하면서 영산강유역 고대 정치체로 발전한 것으로 보인다. The Honam area might be divided largely into four regions according to the natural geographic features. With establishment of Mahan, various political bodies were formed around each region. There are not many ruins that have been investigated in the region to clearly testify to the real dwelling sites of Mahan during the period of its establishment, although it is only presumed that Mahan was established at the latest in the third century BCE according to the Chinese records. The main stream force of Mahan's foundation was based mostly on the local Songgukri culture, but it seems that the foreign clay stripe pottery culture also had an influence upon it. During the period of Mahan's establishment, the local Songgukri-style dwelling sites continued to prevail in the Honam area, while a new flat-square type residential area with a hearth in the center began to be built newly. The pottery of Mahan in the Honam area during the period of its establishment was characterized by the local Songgukri-style pottery which was changed and developed, the foreign clay stripe pottery, and the hard-plain pottery which was changed and developed from the clay stripe pottery. Since the clay stipe pottery can be classified into the circular and triangular type according to the cross-sectional shape of the mouth part, the pottery on the Geumgang and Mangyeonggang river basins is thought to have changed from the circular to the triangular type in the relatively early age, judging from the fact that both circular and triangular clay stripe earthenwares were discovered together in the same area. In the Yeongsangang and southwest coastal areas, as well as in the Seomjingang and southeast coastal areas, the triangular clay stripe pottery seems to have evolved into the hard-plain pottery while the triangular clay stripe was degenerated. The time when Mahan was established in the Honam area is recorded chronologically to be the 4th century BCE on the Geumgang·Mangyeonggang river basins, the 3rd century BCE in the Dongjingang·midwestern region and Yeongsangang·southwestern coastal regions, and the 2nd century BCE in the Seomjingang·southeast coastal regions, based on the absolute age and unearthed relics. The political body of Mahan in the Honam area developed as the local group accepted new culture and products of civilization through active exchanges with foreign countries backed up by the local Songgukri culture. On the basis of the foreign relics excavated so far, it could be inferred that the political body on the Geumgang·Mangyeonggang river basins had played a central role in exchanges with foreign countries during the period from the fourth to the second century BCE, but Mahan political body in the Yeongsangang·southwestern coastal regions developed into an ancient political body on the Yeongsangang river basin while it emerged as the center of foreign exchanges from the 2nd century until after the first century BCE.

IPTV에서 3D 다중화면 UI 개발에 대한 연구

김규정 ( Kyu Jung Kim ),조윤경 ( Yoon Kyung Cho ),김봉화 ( Bong Hua Kim ) 한국기초조형학회 2008 기초조형학연구 Vol.9 No.1

자동차 내장재 부품 시험챔버의 Static과 Dynamic 모드에서 VOCs 방출특성

김규정,이인렬,허준범,김만구 한국환경분석학회 2013 제1회 한국분석기술단체 총 연합 합동 심포지엄 Vol.0 No.-

영상미디어 예술에서의 시간과 공간

김규정 한국미학회 2002 美學 Vol.32 No.-

Space and time are components that artists consider when they create works of art.. The way in which contemporary artists manipulate space within and around an art piece has undergone numerous changes. With the development of new video and computer related technologies, the traditional notion of two and three dimensional works in a static exhibition space has been broadened. In interactive multimedia installation art, viewers are no longer passive observers, but rather, they are active participants in which time and space become malleable in video installation art and this creates an art which moves and bends as it never could before. Finally, the exhibition space is transformed and becomes an element in the aesthetic event. These major shifts in expression require new paradigms of construction, interpretation, analysis, and response. In the case of the interactive multimedia installation, the concept of time and space, viewer interaction, artistic intent, and synergistic art effects need to be examined to grasp the impact of this new aesthetic event. Therefore, an investigation of the use of new media in interactive multimedia installations is beneficial in furthering our understanding of some of the complexities inherent in exploring such aesthetic processes, not only for the viewer, but also for the artist as well. This aesthetic inquiry examines the various manner in which artists use media in order to determine the changing nature of the relationship between the viewer and the art work in terms of space and time. The study examines the relationship between multimedia installations and traditional visual media, such as painting and sculpture; describes how artists use video and computer related media to expand their use of the concept of space and time; examines how artists develop a connection or relationship between several media and the actual exhibition space; and examines how the viewer, as an experiential subject, interacts with an environment created by multimedia installation.

호남지역 청동기시대 취락의례의 양상과 특징

김규정(Gyu jeong Kim) 한국상고사학회 2017 한국상고사학보 Vol.95 No.-

청동기시대에는 다양한 세계관이 형성되거나 확립되고 이를 儀禮나 祭祀로 표현한다. 청동기시대의례는 내용과 목적에 따라 생활의례, 농경의례, 수변의례, 장송의례, 특수의례 등 다양한 형태로 나타나지만, 이를 증명하기란 쉽지 않다. 이는 실질적으로 물질유물에 근거하여 정신문화를 복원하는데 따른 고증이 용이하지 않기 때문인 것으로 보인다. 본고는 호남지역 청동기시대 취락의례와 관련하여 지금까지 보고된 의례나 제사 관련 유적과 비록의례관련 유적으로 보고되지 않았지만, 유구의 성격과 출토유물 등이 의례와 관련될 것으로 판단되는 유구와 유물을 중심으로 시기별로 살펴보고자 하였다. 결과 호남지역에서도 청동기시대 전기부터 다양한 의례가 이루어지고 있었던 것을 알 수 있었다. 호남지역 청동기시대 취락의례는 전기부터 확인되는데 전기는 완주 구암리 환호취락에서 이루어진 儀禮遺構가 대표적이다. 이 시기에 의례를 위한 공간과 거주를 위한 공간이 분리된 것을 알 수 있으며, 광주 동림동과 강진 호산에서는 농경과 관련된 수변의례도 확인된다. 전기의 의례행위는 개별 가족 구성원이 참여하는 일상의례보다는 집단 구성원 모두가 참여하는 공동의례가 많다. 중기가 되면 벼농사가 본격화되면서 의례가 거의 일상화되었다고 볼 수 있는데 이 시기에 본격적으로 의례유구가 만들어지고 구성원 모두가 참여하는 공동의례는 물론 개별 가족구성원만 참여하는 의례도 확인된다. 특히 가족 구성원이 참여하는 의례는 주로 주거지 내에서 이루어지는데 주거지의 축조 시에 이루어지는 의례와 주거지를 폐기하는 과정에 행해지는 폐기의례가 다양하게 확인되고 있다. 후기는 아직까지 취락에 대한 조사가 많지 않아 취락의례 또한 명확하지 않지만, 중기와는 달리 의례를 위한 구와 수혈이 축조되고 공헌과 관련된 소형토기와 모조품 등 전용 의례용품이 제작된다. 또한 다양한 청동의기가 제작되어 한층 발전된 의례행위가 이루어진 것을 알 수 있다. During the Bronze Age, a good variety of world views had been formed or established and expressed in the form of ceremonies or ancestral rituals. The rituals practiced during this period might be divided into such diverse types as those for living, farming, riverside celebrating, mourning or for other special purposes. Such facts, however, could not be verified easily, because it is hard to present historical evidences for them and to represent moral culture simply by excavating material or physical relics. The present paper is thus aimed at making research of the rituals performed periodically in the settlements of Honam area during the Bronze Age with a focus on the relics and historic implements that are thought to have been related to ceremonies judging from their characters and excavation results, although they have not been confirmed to have any relationship with those that have been reported. From the research, it was made known that various types of ceremonies had been performed in Honam area as well starting even from the former part of the Bronze Age. Typical of such rituals as confirmed to have been conducted in the settlements of Honam area during the Bronze Age were historic implements of rituals found in the settlement of Hwanho in Guam-ri, Wanju which belonged to the former part of the Bronze Age. It was revealed from the research that there was separation between the space for rituals and that for living during that period. In the settlements of Dongrim-dong, Gwangju and Hosan, Gangjin, riverside ceremonies could also be confirmed that were connected with agriculture. It could be said that more common were the joint ceremonies in which all members of the communities participated than the daily rituals in which family members took part individually. Rituals seemed to be practiced rather as part of daily routines during the mid-period when agriculture became activated and implements for rituals began to be produced in full scale and not only joint ceremonies in which all community members participated but also those in which family members only took part. The ceremonies for family members were performed mostly within the premises of living quarters. Various forms of rituals practiced then included those performed when residences were newly built or demolished. Due to insufficient research of the settlements during the later age, much is not clear as far as the rituals performed in the settlements are concerned. Different from the mid-age, however, pits and ditches were constructed for the purpose of rituals during the later age and small-scale earthenware and imitates were also manufactured for exclusive use of ceremonies. Various bronze-made implements were also produced, witnessing that more developed form of ceremonies was then performed.

靑銅器時代 中期設定과 問題

金奎正 한국청동기학회 2007 한국청동기학보 Vol.1 No.-

한국고고학에서 청동기시대 시기구분은 1980년대 이후 송국리문화를 특징으로 中期가 설정되어 前期-中期-後期의 3時期區分이 이루어졌다. 3시기구분은 1990년대까지 거의 통설로 받아들여졌다. 그러나 최근에는 청동기시대 後期의 점토대토기문화를 청동기시대에서 분리하여 초기철기시대로 보고 있어, 청동기시대는 전기와 후기의 2시기로 구분하자는 의견과 3시기로 구분하자는 의견이 팽팽하다. 中期는 지역에 따라 다른 양상으로 나타나는데 남부지역은 송국리문화를 특징으로 하고 있으며, 북한지역의 경우 서북한지역의 미송리형토기문화, 동북한지역의 유정동유형으로 대표된다. 중부지역은 역삼동 Ⅱ유형과 북한강유형으로 대표되며, 영남 동남해안지역은 검단리유형으로 대표된다. 이처럼 청동기시대 중기에는 지역적으로 다양한 문화양상들이 확인되고 있다. 後期는 점토대토기문화를 특징으로 하는데, 점토대토기문화는 靑銅器時代後期, 初期鐵器時代, 三韓時代등 다양한 명칭이 사용되고 있다. 점토대토기문화는 한반도에서 가장 발전된 靑銅遺物이 출토되고 있어 청동기시대 후기로 설정할 수 있다. 중기의 年代는 上限은 전기의 下限과, 下限은 後期의 上限과 맞물려 있다. 전기의 하한과 중기의 상한을 명확하게 구분하기는 힘들지만 전기의 특징적인 장방형주거지가 소형화되고, 토기문양이 소멸되며, 석기에서도 변화가 확인된다. 이러한 변화 양상은 절대연대 자료로 볼 때 기원전 10세기경 시작된 것으로 보이며 특히 중기의 특징적인 송국리형주거지의 연대를 기원전 10세기로 보고 있어 중기의 상한은 기원전 10세기로 설정하고자 한다. 이 시기가 되면 한반도 전역에서 중기문화가 나타난다. 중기의 하한은 점토대토기와 같은 외부로부터 새로운 토기문화가 유입되는 시기로 설정할 수 있으며 한반도에 점토대토기가 유입되는 시기는 절대연대와 요서지역 자료를 참고할 때 기원전 6세기까지 올라가는 것으로 보아 늦어도 기원전 5세기부터 청동기시대 후기로 편년될 수 있으며 따라서 중기의 하한은 기원전 5세기 이전으로 잠정해두고자 한다. 그러나 중기로 편년되는 송국리형주거지의 경우 제주지역에서는 기원전 1세기내지는 기원후 2~3세기까지 축조되고 있다. Acknowledging Songgukri-type assemblage reflects an intermediate cultural stage and incorpo-rating it into previous chronological system of Early-Late Bronze Age, three-subperiods systemfor Bronze Age was established. More recently it has been hotly debated whether roll-rimed pot-tery assemblage which has been considered to characterize Late Bronze Age could be assignedto Early Iron Age or not. The Middle Bronze Age come to have differing connotations throughthe regions. For the southern part of Korea, for instance, Songgukri-type assemblage character-izes MBA, while Misongri-type does for northeastern part, Yujeongdong-type for northwesternpart, Yeoksamdong II-type and Bukhangang-type for central western part, and Geomdanri-typefor southeast coastal region.Late Bronze Age characterized by roll-rimmed vessels has been differently designated such asEarly Iron Age and Three Han Period, according to the scholars. Late Bronze Age witnessed, inrelative term, full development of bronze-manufacturing technology, thus it has to be acknowl-edged as Bronze Age rather than Early Iron Age at least in South Korea. The transition from Early to Middle Bronze Age can be characterized by changes in archaeo-logical records, such decrease of longhouses' sizes, extinction of rim decoration of pottery,changes in lithic assemblages. Considering absolute dates, such changes seem to have happenedabout the 10th century BC. In addition, the Songgukri-type dwellings date to the 10th centuryBC. In this light, the beginning of Middle Bronze Age could be 10th century BC. From this date,Middle Bronze Age assemblages might have spreaded into the whole region of the KoreanPeninsula.Late Bronze Age can be characterized by the spread of 'roll-rimmed pottery assemblages', origi-nated outside Peninsula. Taking into account the absolute dates and materials found in theLiaoxi region, the introduction of roll-rimmed vessels might have dated back to the 6th centuryBC, to the utmost 5th century BC. Therefore, the lower limit of the Middle Bronze Age can tem-porality be set forth as 5th century BC. However, Songgukri-type dwellings seem to have beencontinuously built by first century BC, or even second or third century AD in Jeju Island.