DO와 ORP를 이용한 축산폐수처리 SBR운전 제어

전병희 ( Byong Hee Jun ),김도환 ( Do Hwan Kim ),최은희 ( Eun Hee Choi ),김성신 ( Sung Shin Kim ),김창원 ( Chang Won Kim ),배현 ( Hyeon Bae ) 한국물환경학회 2002 한국물환경학회지 Vol.18 No.5

A pilot scale SBR (working volume, 20㎥) treating piggery wastewater was operated with real wastewater. The operation mode of intermittent feeding of raw water and sub-cycle with repeating anoxic-aeration conditions were adapted to avoid the high-strength nitrogen inhibition. In sub-cycle, aeration time for nitrification was tried to be controled with ORP and/or DO meter. The characteristics of control was somewhat different between ORP and DO. DO showed potential ability to detect complete ammonia oxidation point by the first order differential values or absolute value. Especially, DO was proved to be useful for high loading rates. ORP indicated the ending point of nitrification by the plateau appearing after bending point. Because ORP can be utilized as a diagnosis tool by its good sensitivity for the microbial condition in reactor, the simultaneous application of DO and ORP was recommended for the stable control of SBR.

京畿道의 植物相 : 태화산, 화야산, 대부도, 칠현산, 철마산, 검단산

崔道烈,張珍成,金正猷,全正壹,金輝,閔雄基,姜佑昌 서울대학교 수목원 2001 서울大學校 樹木園 硏究報告 Vol.- No.21

This study was conducted in order to explore general flora of the Gyounggi-do Province and to clarify the distribution of some specificated taxa of the Korea. Daebu-do Island, Mt. Taewha, Mt. Hwaya, Mt. Gumdan, Mt. Chilhyun and Mt. Chulma among eighth grade-area of the Degree of Green Naturality (DGN) within the boundary of the Gyounggi-do Province were visited to investigate local flora. The number of identified vascular plant species were as follow; Mt. Hwaya: 120 species (99 genera of 67 families), Mt. Teawha: 132 species (103 genera of 56 families), Daebu-do Island: 124 species (103 genera of 50 families), Mt. Chulma: 129 species (99 genera of 67 families), Mt. Gumdan: 121 species (96 genera of 52 families), Mt. Chilyun: 90 species (74 genera of 42 families). The endemic Clematis brachyura Maxim. was found to distribute Daeby-do. It seemed that plantation was occupying large area in forest of the Gyounggi-do Province. Forty two specificated taxa were identified and 3 taxa, 10 taxa, 5 taxa, and 24 taxa were sorted into forth grade, third grade, second grade, and first grade respectively. Mt. Taewha showed the highest record (16 taxa) in the number of specificated taxa, Mt. Hwaya was the next with 13 taxa. Mt, Chulma (12 taxa), Mt. Gumdan (11 taxa), Daebu-do Island (7 taxi), and Mt, Chylma (4 taxi) followed. Mt. Taewa and Mt. Whaya were found to be relatively higher in the score calculated front the specificated taxa distribution, while Daebu-do Island and Mt. Chilyun were lower, that difference was probably due in part to consequences of severe disturbance of human activities. With respect to the consequences of severe disturbance of human activities. With respect to the geographical proximity to the Gangwon Province, Mt. Hwaya showed higher similarity of the species composition to that of the Mt. Jumbong.

색계(色界)의 한 연구 -박상륭의 『죽음의 한 연구』론

정도상 ( Do Sang Jeong ) 현대문학이론학회 2013 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.54

박상륭의 『죽음의 한 연구』는 한국문학이 개척하지 못한 색계(色界)를 탐구하고 형상화한 관념소설의 정수라고 해도 과언이 아니다. 색계가 공계의 비대립적 상대성의 세계가 되기 위해서는 색즉시공의 동시성과 전환, 그리고 그것을 추동하는 용(用)이 필요했다. 달마는 용의 핵심을 마음으로 봤지만 박상륭은 남근으로 보았다. 이것은 선어(禪語)와 소설의 차이일 뿐이었다. 이어 ‘나’는 확정된 존재(Being)가 아니고 ‘되어가는 존재(becoming)``라는 관점에서 볼 때 색신(色身)임이 분명했다. 하지만 공신(空身) 달마로부터 원효에 이르기까지의 인물들이 색신에 투영되어 있다는 것도 확인할 수 있었다. 유리와 읍내, 그리고 큰 형장으로 이어지는 색신의 삶과 색계의 주유는 결국 공계(空界)로의 이동이란 궁극적 목표 때문이 아니었다. 공계로의 이동이 모든 색신의 궁극적 목표가 아닌 이유는 공이란 깨달음으로 가는 불성(佛性 혹은 自性)의 도구에 불과하니 집착하지 말라는 붓다의 가르침이 때문이기도 했다. 박상륭의 『죽음의 한 연구』에는 이와같은 내용들이 ‘나’라는 인물을 통해 색계가 잘 형상화되어 있는 소설이었다. It is no exaggeration to say that Park Sang-ryung`s 『A Study on Death』 is the quintessence of an ideological novel which embodies the world of r?pa(=form) that Korean literature has never discovered before. In order for the world of r?pa to exist with the world of s?nya(=emptiness) in a non-oppositive way, the simultaneity and conversion of the both as well as the medium that drives them are required. Dharma saw "heart" as the key of the medium, but Park Sang-ryung saw men`s penis as the key. It is just the difference between words of zen and a novel. In the sense that myself(in the novel) is not defined as "being", but more of a "becoming", it is clear that "I" am the body of r?pa. However, I could see that a variety of individuals in the body of s?nya from Dharma to Won-hyo were also reflected in the body of r?pa. Eventually, the ultimate goal of the journey of the body of r?pa from Yury to the downtown and the place of execution was not to travel to the world of s?nya. The reason why the ultimate goal of all bodies of r?pa is not moving to the world of s?nya is partially because of Buddha`s teachings that we should not be obsessed with s?nya since it is just one of the methods that lead us to the realization. The void is not Nothing. Park Sang-ryung`s 『A Study on Death』 is a novel that well-describes these contents through the character "myself".

Time-Related Changes in Detrusor Overactivity in Awake Rats with Spinal Cord Injury Observed by Simultaneous Registrations of Intravesical and Intraabdominal Pressures

Jin, Long-Hu,Shin, Hwa-Yoan,Yoon, Seung-Hwan,Seong, Do-Hwan,Park, Chang-Shin,Lee, Tack,Yoon, Sang-Min Korean Continence Society 2011 International Neurourology Journal Vol.15 No.1

<P><B>Purpose</B></P><P>To compare the physical characteristics of detrusor overactivity (DO) induced by intravesical infusion of saline in awake, sham rats and rats with chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), by simultaneous registrations of intravesical and intraabdominal pressures.</P><P><B>Methods</B></P><P>Male Sprague-Dawley rats, normal or with a spinal vascular clip at the level of Th9, were investigated cystometrically 1 and 4 weeks after SCI. Intravesical pressure (IVP) and intraabdominal pressure (IAP) were recorded simultaneously to evaluate true DO. During the filling phase, the event of IVP rises, defined as increments that exceeded 2 cmH<SUB>2</SUB>O from baseline, were determined as DO according to the absence of simultaneous changes in IAP.</P><P><B>Results</B></P><P>All SCI rats exhibited DO during the filling phase, which was not shown in sham rats. The frequency and pressure of DO had a tendency to decrease with time. The DO frequency of SCI rats after 4 weeks (0.9±0.2 min<SUP>-1</SUP>) was decreased compared with that after 1 week (2.1±0.4 min<SUP>-1</SUP>; P<0.05). The DO pressure of SCI rats after 4 weeks (8.4±1.9 cmH<SUB>2</SUB>O) was decreased compared with that after 1 week (11.6±2.9 cmH<SUB>2</SUB>O; P>0.05).</P><P><B>Conclusions</B></P><P>Cystometric studies in awake male SCI rats showed some significant changes in bladder function after SCI. All SCI rats exhibited DO during the filling phase, and showed different physical characteristics of DO over the course of time. The neurological basis of these time-related changes remains poorly understood, but may provide important prognostic information about long-term urological management in SCI patients.</P>

Estimating Leaf Area Index of Paddy Rice from RapidEye Imagery to Assess Evapotranspiration in Korean Paddy Fields

Sang?Il Na,Suk Young Hong,Yi?Hyun Kim,Kyoung?Do Lee,So?Young Jang 한국토양비료학회 2013 한국토양비료학회지 Vol.46 No.4

Leaf area index (LAI) is important in explaining the ability of crops to intercept solar energy for biomass production, amount of plant transpiration, and in understanding the impact of crop management practices on crop growth. This paper describes a procedure for estimating LAI as a function of image?derived vegetation indices from temporal series of RapidEye imagery obtained from 2010 to 2012 using empirical models in a rice plain in Seosan, Chungcheongnam?do. Rice plants were sampled every two weeks to investigate LAI, fresh and dry biomass from late May to early October. RapidEye images were taken from June to September every year and corrected geometrically and atmospherically to calculate normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Linear, exponential, and expolinear models were developed to relate temporal satellite NDVIs to measured LAI. The expolinear model provided more accurate results to predict LAI than linear or exponential models based on root mean square error. The LAI distribution was in strong agreement with the field measurements in terms of geographical variation and relative numerical values when RapidEye imagery was applied to expolinear model. The spatial trend of LAI corresponded with the variation in the vegetation growth condition.

An Evaluation of Nutrition Support for Terminal Cancer Patients at Teaching Hospitals in Korea

Do Yeun Kim,Sang Min Lee,Kyoung Eun Lee,Hye Ran Lee,김지현,Keun-Wook Lee,Jong Seok Lee,Soon Nam Lee 대한암학회 2006 Cancer Research and Treatment Vol.38 No.4

Purpose: We wanted to analyze the use of nutrition support for terminal cancer patients, the effect of discussing withdrawal of nutrition support and do-not- resuscitate (DNR) consent on the use of intravenous nutrition during the patient’s last week of life and at the time of death.Materials and Methods: The study involved 362 patients with terminal cancer from four teaching hospitals, and they all died between January 1 2003 and December 31 2005. The basic demographic data, the use of intravenous nutrition during the patient’s last week of life and at death, discussion of terminal nutrition withdrawal and DNR consent were evaluated.Results:In the week before death, the patients received artificial nutrition such as total parenteral nutrition (31%), intravenous albumin infusion (25%), and feeding tube placements (9%). A discussion concerning withdrawal of nutrition support was limited to 25 (7%) patients. DNR consent was obtained from 294 (81%) patients. None of the patients were directly involved in any of these decisions. The discussion about withdrawal of terminal nutrition and DNR consent with the patient’s surrogates did not have any effect on reducing the use of parenteral nutrition.Conclusion: The majority of patients dying of terminal cancer were still given potentially futile nutritional support. Modern clinical guidelines and ethical education about nutritional support at the end of life care is urgently needed in Korean medical practice to provide proper administration of terminal nutrition for end of life care. (Cancer Res Treat. 2006;38:214-217)

전격성 경과를 취한 만성 호산구성 폐렴 환자 1예

윤호상,진춘조,유광하,이상엽,이수인,정상만,김선두,이순제,이길도,전혜정 건국대학교 의과학연구소 2000 건국의과학학술지 Vol.10 No.-

Chronic eosinophilic pneumonia(CEP) is a rare disease of unknown etiology characterized by chronic infiltration of the lung with eosinophils. It presents with profound systemic symptoms comprising fever, night sweats, weight loss, dyspnea and blood eosinophilia with nonsegmental air-space consolidation confined to the outer third of the lung, the "photographic negative of pulmonary edema". Histopathologic features of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia are intraalveolar and interstitial infiltrations with eosinophils, histiocytes, giant cells, scattered lymphocytes and plasma cells. Glucocorticoid therapy cause prompt resolution of symptoms as well as disappearans of blood eosinophils, elevated serum Ig E levels and the roentgenographic lesions. Infrequent radiographic findings include nodular infiltrates, consolidations, cavitations, atelectasis and pleural effusions. Deaths from CEP although rare, have been reported, but the majorities of CEP have benign courses and do not need a therapy with ventilator. We report a case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia, which had a sudden course associated with diffuse pneumonic consolidations on the both lung and bilateral pleural effusion.

스포츠에 의한 중추신경계 손상과 유해 반응에 관한 고찰

정은상,전도선 한국스포츠리서치 2004 한국 스포츠 리서치 Vol.15 No.3

The blood-brain barrier is not an absolute barrier to the passage of toxic agents into the CNS, Instead, it represents a site that is less permeable than are most other areas of the body, Nevertheless, many poisons do not readily enter the brain in appreciable quantities because of this barrier. There are four major anatomic and physiological reasons why some toxicants do not readily enter the CNS, First, the capillary endothelial cells of the CNS are tightly joined, leaving few or no pores between the cells, Second, the brain capillary endothelial cells contain an ATP-dependent transporter, the multidrug-resistant (MDR) protein that transports some chemicals into the blood. Third, the capillaries in the CNS are to a large extent surrounded by glial cell processes (astrocytes).

성호(星湖)의 한시에 나타난 현실인식

정도상 ( Do Sang Jung ) 근역한문학회 2005 한문학논집(漢文學論集) Vol.23 No.-

『죽음의 한 연구』에 나타난 마음에 관한 연구

정도상 ( Do Sang Jeong ) 현대문학이론학회 2014 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.0 No.57

박상륭의 『죽음의 한 연구』는 마음의 변화를 형상화한 관념소설이다. 모든 소설이 사람의 마음을 다루고 있기는 하다. 하지만 이처럼 본격적으로 마음을 다룬 소설은 일찍이 없었다. 마음에도 체(體)와 용(用)이 있다. 체는 마음의 형태이고 용은 마음의 작용이다. 몸이 마음의 집이고, 마음은 몸의 길인 것과 비슷한 논리이다. 마음의 체와 용은 색즉시공 공즉시색의 관계에 놓여 있다. 『죽음의 한 연구』에서 주인공 ‘나’의 마음은 네 단계로 전환을 일으켰다. 욕심에서 색심으로, 색심에서 무심으로, 무심에서 공심으로의 전환이 그것이다. 이는 주인공 ‘나’의 공간 이동과 일치한다. 유리와 읍내, 다시 유리에서 큰 형장으로 공간의 이동과 마음의 변화는 결국 공계로의 이동을 궁극으로 삼았기 때문으로 보여진다. 주인공 ‘나’는 공계에서 죽음이라는 공심을 선택한다. 박상륭의 『죽음의 한 연구』는 ‘나’라는 인물을 통해 마음의 변화와 그 이동이 아주 잘 형상화되어 있는 소설이었다. Park Sang-ryung``s 『A Study on Death』 is an ideological novel that embodies the change of human Minds. All novels contain stories of human Minds. However, there has not been such a novel which genuinely talks about the Mind on this deep level. Mind consists of substance and the medium. Substance is a form of the Mind, and the medium is a behaviour of Mind. This is the same logic as how human body works as a house of Mind, and Mind is a path that human bodies live through. Substance and the medium of Mind are in a relationship that align with the one of the world of rupa and the world of sunya. In 『A Study on Death』, the Mind of the main character "I" changes through four different parts. It changes from the Mind of kamaloka to the Mind of rupa, from the Mind of rupa to the Mind of immaterial world, and from the Mind of immaterial world to finally the Mind of sunya. This journey also aligns with the change of places that the main character "I" travel through. All the changes of places and Mind travel through Yury, the downtown and the place of execution seem to eventually head to the world of sunya. In the world of sunya, the character "I" choose its death as the Mind of sunya. Park Sang-ryung``s 『A Study on Death』 is a novel that well-embodies the change of Mind that the character "I" travel through.