A Study on Kyaikkatha: An Early Urban Settlement in Lower Myanmar

( Lei Lei Win ) 부산외국어대학교 동남아지역원 2015 Suvannabhumi Vol.7 No.1

Sittaung-Thanlwin region in Lower Myanmar is an ecological niche for human settlement. Evidences of human activities in the region are seen through various archaeological sites or settlements along the coastal area between the rivers Sittaung and Thanlwin (Salween). In Lower Myanmar, scholar, U Aung Myint, discovered one major site Kyaikkatha and other small scale sites, namely, Sittaung, Kawhtin, Kadaikgyi, Kadaikkalay, Katkadit, Kelatha (little Zothoke), Ayetthama, Winka, Zothoke (big Zothoke), Lagonbyi (Sampannago), Wagaru, Laming and Ye in present day Mon State. In 1980, U Aung Myint undertook an exploration program at Kyaikkatha. After the exploration, an excavation team conducted systematic digging at Kyaikkatha in March 1986. Excavation continued occasionally at Kyaikkatha throughout the years between 1995 and 2000. It is known that Kyaikkatha, the old city, reveals a kind of monumental civilization exposing four religious structures (a stupa and three monasteries). This essay looks into the distribution of features within Kyaikkatha and infers on its social, political, and religious organization. This essay is also about a new discovery of an early urban settlement located at the apex of the Gulf of Muttama (Martaban) where a lost city of Suva..ahumi flourished in the ancient days. By means of aerial photographic observations, the site had been noticed recently, which was by followed some excavations. More systematic and detail surveying may be needed to know more about the site and its features for comparison to other similar settlements of through-out mainland South East Asia.

Protective Effect of Water Extract of Citrus Pomace against AAPH-Induced Oxidative Stress In Vitro in Vero Cells and In Vivo in Zebrafish

Lei Wang,Won Woo Lee,Hye-Won Yang,Bo Mi Ryu,Yong Ri Cui,Seung-Cheol Lee,Tae-Gee Lee,You-Jin Jeon 한국식품영양과학회 2018 Preventive Nutrition and Food Science Vol.23 No.4

Citrus pomace (CP) is a by-product occurred during juice or other products processing. The enormous amount of CP caused serious environmental issues. However, CP is rich in a variety of bioactive compounds. In the present study, a water extract of CP (CPW) was prepared from the by-product and the in vitro and in vivo antioxidant activities of CPW were investigated. The in vitro antioxidant activities of CPW were evaluated by measuring the free radical scavenging activity and protective effects against 2,2-azobis(2-amidinopropane) hydrochloride (AAPH)-induced oxidative stress in Vero cells. CPW scavenges 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, alkyl, and hydroxyl radicals at IC50 of 0.16±0.00, 0.31±0.01, and 0.86 ±0.02 mg/mL, respectively. In addition, CPW improved cell viability and scavenged intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in AAPH-stimulated Vero cells in a dose-dependent manner. The in vivo antioxidant activities of CPW were investigated in a model of AAPH-induced zebrafish embryos. CPW significantly improved the survival rates and reduced heartbeat rates in AAPH-stimulated zebrafish. Furthermore, the intracellular ROS and cell death levels were remarkably decreased in CPW-treated zebrafish. Therefore, the present results indicated that CPW possesses potent in vitro and in vivo antioxidant properties and could be a potential ingredient used in food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic industries.

Sesquiterpenoids with Various Carbocyclic Skeletons from the Flowers of <i>Chrysanthemum indicum</i>

Liu, Lei-Lei,Ha, Thi Kim Quy,Ha, Wei,Oh, Won Keun,Yang, Jun-Li,Shi, Yan-Ping American Society of Pharmacognosy 2017 Journal of natural products Vol.80 No.2

<P>A phytochemical investigation of the flowers of Chrysanthemum indicum yielded sesquiterpenoids 1-25 with various carbocyclic skeletons, including 10 new (1-10) and 15 known (11-25) analogues. The structures were elucidated via their physical data, while the absolute configuration of compounds 6, 8, and 10 was assessed via electronic circular dichroism analysis. The evaluation of the effect of sesquiterpenoids on porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV) replication showed that compounds 1-5, 12, 14, 16, 17, 19, and 21 increased cell viability against cell death in PEDV-injected cells. Compounds 2, 12, and 17 were selected and investigated for their inhibition of proteins required for PEDV replication. Compounds 2 and 17 significantly reduced PEDV nucleocapsid and spike protein synthesis compared with azauridin as a positive control.</P>

The soybean cultivar SCEL-1 shows potent anti-photoaging effects in a UV-induced three-dimensional human skin and hairless mouse model

Lee Jin Woo,Peng Lei,Jegal Hyun,Park No-June,Bong Sim-Kyu,Lee Joon Won,Pyo Jeong Joo,Choi Yongsoo,Kim Su-Nam 한국응용생명화학회 2022 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.65 No.1

Soybean (Glycine max) is one of the major sources of nutrition and is used as a raw material for food and as a source of feed for livestock. The efficacy of soybeans on skin health includes their ability to reduce wrinkles and pigmentation and increase skin elasticity and moisture content. Black soybean has been consumed worldwide for a long time, especially in Korea, and is used as a medicinal food against several disorders related to the skin. To evaluate whether its effect on the skin is different based on the cultivar of soybeans, three black soybean cultivars collected in Korea, Soybean Core collection Elite Line-1 (SCEL-1), Chung Ja-3 (CJ-3) and Won Heuk (WH), were selected to compare their effect on improving photoaging induced by ultraviolet rays (UVs). We found that SCEL-1 exhibited the best efficacy among the three cultivars tested, and treatment with this soybean extract significantly reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), preventing the degradation of collagen in a 3D human skin model. In addition, SCEL-1 application improved wrinkle- and photoaging-related symptoms, such as epidermal thickening, collagen deficiency and immune cell infiltration, in an animal model established by UV irradiation. Procyanidin B2 and epicatechin isolated from the SCEL-1 cultivar inhibited MMP-1 biosynthesis in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts, and these two major components are likely related to more significantly attenuated skin photoaging. Therefore, our results indicated that SCEL-1 exhibits good anti-wrinkle effects compared to the other two black soybean cultivars, suggesting that it represents an excellent agent for anti-photoaging. Soybean ( Glycine max ) is one of the major sources of nutrition and is used as a raw material for food and as a source of feed for livestock. The efficacy of soybeans on skin health includes their ability to reduce wrinkles and pigmentation and increase skin elasticity and moisture content. Black soybean has been consumed worldwide for a long time, especially in Korea, and is used as a medicinal food against several disorders related to the skin. To evaluate whether its effect on the skin is different based on the cultivar of soybeans, three black soybean cultivars collected in Korea, Soybean Core collection Elite Line-1 (SCEL-1), Chung Ja-3 (CJ-3) and Won Heuk (WH), were selected to compare their effect on improving photoaging induced by ultraviolet rays (UVs). We found that SCEL-1 exhibited the best efficacy among the three cultivars tested, and treatment with this soybean extract significantly reduced the expression of matrix metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1), preventing the degradation of collagen in a 3D human skin model. In addition, SCEL-1 application improved wrinkle- and photoaging-related symptoms, such as epidermal thickening, collagen deficiency and immune cell infiltration, in an animal model established by UV irradiation. Procyanidin B2 and epicatechin isolated from the SCEL-1 cultivar inhibited MMP-1 biosynthesis in UVB-irradiated human dermal fibroblasts, and these two major components are likely related to more significantly attenuated skin photoaging. Therefore, our results indicated that SCEL-1 exhibits good anti-wrinkle effects compared to the other two black soybean cultivars, suggesting that it represents an excellent agent for anti-photoaging.

Assessment of cryopreserved sperm functions of Korean native brindled cattle (Chikso) from different region research centers of Korea

Lei Ma,Dae-Jin Jung,Eun-Ju Jung,Woo-Jin Lee,Ju-Mi Hwang,Jeong-Won Bae,Dae-Hyun Kim,Jun Koo Yi,Sang Moo Lee,Jae Jung Ha,Woo-Sung Kwon 한국동물생명공학회(구 한국동물번식학회) 2021 Journal of Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Vol.36 No.2

Sperm cryopreservation is an important method of assisted reproductive techniques and storing genetic resources. It plays a vital role in genetic improvement, livestock industrial preservation of endangered species, and clinical practice. Consequently, the cryopreservation technique is well organized through various studies, especially on Korean native cattle (Hanwoo). However, the cryopreservation technique of Korean native brindled cattle, which is one of the native cattle species in Korea, is not well organized. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a Supplementary Table technique for the cryopreservation of Korean native brindled cattle. For this purpose, it is important to first evaluate the quality of the currently produced cryopreserved sperm of Korean native brindled cattle. In this study, we randomly selected 72 individual Korean native brindled cattle semen samples collected from 8 different region research centers and used them to evaluate sperm functions. We focused on the quality evaluation of cryopreserved Korean native brindled cattle semen following the measurement of motion kinematics, capacitation status, intracellular ATP level, sperm motility, and cell viability. Then, the values of each of the eight groups were derived from various sperm parameters of nine individual samples, including sperm motility, kinematics, cellular motility, and intracellular ATP levels, which were used to compare and evaluate sperm function. Overall, differences in various sperm parameters were observed between most of the research centers. Particularly, the deviations of motility and motion kinematics were high according to the sample. Therefore, we suggest that it is necessary to develop a standard method for the cryopreservation of Korean native brindled cattle semen. We also suggest the need for sperm quality evaluation of the cryopreserved semen of Korean native brindled cattle before using artificial insemination to attain a high fertility rate.

Bioactive glass microspheres as reinforcement for improving the mechanical properties and biological performance of poly(ε‐caprolactone) polymer for bone tissue regeneration

Lei, Bo,Shin, Kwan‐,Ha,Noh, Da‐,Young,Koh, Young‐,Hag,Choi, Won‐,Young,Kim, Hyoun‐,Ee Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company 2012 Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part B Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>This study examined the utility of sol–gel‐derived bioactive glass microspheres (BGMs) as a reinforcement to improve the mechanical properties and biological performance of poly(ε‐caprolactone) (PCL) polymer. All of the PCL‐BGMs composites produced, with a variety of BGMs contents (10, 20, and 30 wt %), showed a uniform distribution of the BGMs in the PCL matrix, particularly owing to their spherical shape and small size. This led to a considerable increase in the elastic modulus from 93 ± 12 MPa to 635 ± 179 MPa with increasing BGMs content from 0 to 30 wt %. Furthermore, the addition of the BGMs to the PCL polymer significantly increased the hydrophilicity of the PCL‐BGMs composites, which led to a higher water absorption and degradation rate. The PCL‐BGMs composite with a BGMs content of 30 wt % showed vigorous growth of apatite crystals with a high aspect ratio on its surface after soaking in the simulated body fluid for 7 days, resulting in the creation of a porous carbonate hydroxyapatite layer. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 2012.</P>

Slow delivery of chlorogenic acid realization through a novel portable syring-pump enhanced its anti-inflammatory effect

Lei Cao,Won Han,Sanggil Lee,Joong Ho Shin 한국식품영양과학회 2022 한국식품영양과학회 학술대회발표집 Vol.2022 No.10

Topology Optimization of Multilayer Plate Structures by Using P1- Nonconforming Element

Lei Chen(첸레이),Gang-Won Jang(장강원),Tae Hyun Baek(백태현) 대한기계학회 2011 대한기계학회 춘추학술대회 Vol.2011 No.10

Based on finite element method, topology optimization is applied to design optimal shape of a given design space. In this study, the multilayer plate structures are analyzed and extended to topology optimization design. In order to solving shear locking problem of thin plate caused by Mindlin-Reissner plate model, P1-nonconforming element and selective reduced integration are employed. P1 quadrilateral element is one kind of discontinuous and Poisson’ locking-free element. Furthermore, P1-nonconforming element has linear shape functions that are defined at middle point of each edge. Here, Darcy-Stokes fluid model and reinforcement plate model are applied on different layers. By calculating sensitivity analysis of multiobjective function, the minimum compliance and dissipated power of the model with given mass is obtained by method of moving asymptotes (MMA). Some numerical examples of multilayer plate structure are studied and compared with the reference results.

ASP 기반 온라인 음악 및 비디오 공유 시스템

"이종원", "시뢰", "정회경" 배재대학교 공학연구소 2015 공학논문집 Vol.17 No.1

With the development of the Internet and the improvement of people's living standards, sharing music and video on the internet that has become a modern entertainment to the netizen. Music and video sharing site provide a platform for the customers. The emergence of HTML5 gave sites a lot of optimization space. HTML5 is the new standard set up by the W3C organization, which solve the cross-browser issues and has a clearer semantics and the advantage of the plug-in does not rely on multimedia playback. This article introduces many contents including: the system usage of key technology including the HTML5, Asp. Net development platform and SQL database Servers, and analysis of its advantages. This paper expounds the system adopts the advantages of the several technical and introduce the system designing thought, and it's main function realization method and system optimization process. 인터넷의 발달 및 사용자들의 생활수준향상과 함께 음악, 비디오 공유가 현재 네티즌들의 오락이 되고 있다. 음악과 비디오 공유 사이트들은 고객에 대한 플랫폼을 제공한다. HTML5의 등장으로 공유 사이트들을 최적화된 많은 공간을 가진다. W3C에서 의해 새로운 표준이 정립된 HTML5는 크로스-브라우저 문제와 명확한 의미를 가지고 플러그인의 장점은 멀티미디어 재생에 의존적이지 않다. HTML5의 주요기술, Asp.Net 플랫폼 개발, SQL 데이터베이스 서버들의 장점 분석한다. 여러 가지 기술의 장점을 채택하고 상세히 설명하고 구상한 시스템 디자인을 소개, 주요기능 구현 방법 및 시스템 최적화 방법에 대해 기술한다.

The Relationship between Physical Environment and Customer Satisfaction

Lei Zhao,Kim Won-kyum,Kim Shi-sok,Kim Dong Il 한국콘텐츠학회 2009 ICCC International Digital Design Invitation Exhib Vol.2009 No.12

The physical environment and service quality have a positive impact on consumers' shopping satisfaction and future intentions to spread positive and negative word-of-mouth. The satisfied customers eventually become WOM influencers. The purpose of our research is to verify the mediating effects of the personal shopping values between the physical environment and customer satisfaction. Our research was implemented in several retail department stores. As a result, the meditating effects of personal shopping value were verified in playing a significant role in the relationships of physical environment with consumer satisfaction and WOM.