수족관 이미지에 나타나는 권력 형상 연구 - 《힘을 그리다》전(展)의 작품을 중심으로 -

김정이 ( Kim Jung Ee ) 한국기초조형학회 2021 기초조형학연구 Vol.22 No.3

현대미술은 사회와의 직접적인 관계를 갖고 새로운 양식의 생성과 변화과정을 거치면서 대중과 소통되는 매개물로서 존재한다. 연구자는 빠르게 변하는 것에 발맞추며 다양한 변화 속에 살아가고 있고 살아야하는 존재이다. 그러한 현실의 상황이 힘들게 느껴질 때 그 원인을 보이지 않는 곳에서 작동되고 있는 힘’이라고 생각해왔다. 본 논문은 2018년 전시《힘을 그리다》展에서‘보이지 않는 힘’을 시각화시키는 연구의 기원과 현재 본인의 작업에 대한 정체성, 그리고 앞으로의 작업 방향성을 잡기 위한 연구 이다. 연구방법으로 자기 운명애(運命愛)의 정신에 의해 필연적으로 생성 되는 운명을 새로운 창조의 원리로 바꾸는 것이 중요하다고 주장한 니체를 도입하였다. 신이 주체적이어야 하고 창조하는 인간으로서의 힘에의 의지, 즉 왜 구조 안에서 행위 해야 하고 그 안에서 예술가로서 삶의 주체가 되는 ‘능동적(能動的) 니힐리즘’의 입장을 취해야 한다는 것을 알게 되었다. 사실상 모든 행위가 사회적으로 결정되는지도 모르나 연구자는 비관론에 빠지는 것이 아니라 그 안에서 문제를 제기할 수 있는 사람들이 예술가임을 알았다. 문제에 대한 결론을 짓는 것이 아니라 작품을 보고 대중이 다시 한 번 생각할 수 있게 만드는 것이 예술가의 역할이다. 그러한 예로 인간의 이성적 사고의 반대되는 활동을 한 예술운동인 신구상주의와 이를 바탕으로 질 아이요의 동물원 회화를 연구하였다. 정치와 사회, 그리고 일상생활을 미술 안으로 끌어들인 신구상주의의 질 아이요의 동물원 회화에서 보여 지는 틀 안의 동물들은 연구자의 수족관 속 물고기와 일치하는 지점은 있으나 작품 속의 구조내행위에서 차이를 보였다. 본 논문을 통하여 이 시대를 살고 있는 연구자의 역할을 반사회적인 것으로 정립하고 앞으로의 작업의 방향성 또한 연구자의 표현방식을 통한 꾸준한 문제의 제기임을 알 수 있었다. Contemporary art has a direct relationship with society and exists as a medium to communicate with the public through the process of creating and changing new styles. Researchers are living beings and must live in various changes while keeping pace with rapidly changing things. When such a situation in reality feels difficult, I have considered the cause of it as “power” operating in an invisible place. This thesis is a study to establish the origin of the research that visualizes the ‘invisible force’ in the 2018 exhibition 《Peindre les forces》, the identity of the current work, and the direction of the future work. Nietzsche, who argued that it is important to change the destiny that is inevitably created by the spirit of one’s own destiny and introduced love as a research method into the principle of new creation. I learned that I must act within the structure and take the position of ‘active nihilism’ as an artist in which life is the subject. Virtually all actions may be socially determined. However, the researcher did not fall into pessimism, but knew that artists were the ones who could raise problems about it. The artist’s role is not todraw conclusions about the problem, but to look at the work and make it possible for the public to think again. As an example, neo-figurativeism, which took place near France, is an art movement that was the opposite of human rational thinking. Based on this, I studied Gilles Aillaud paintings at the zoo. The quality of neo-figuration that brought politics, society, and everyday life into art. The animals in the frame shown in Aillaud’s zoo paintings have points that coincide with the fish in the researcher’s aquarium, but show differences in the structural behavior in the work. Through this thesis, it was possible to establish the role of the artist ‘Kim June ee’ living in this era as anti-social, and it was found that the direction of future work is also a constant uestioning through the method of expression of the researcher.

랑방 복합 스포츠 문화센터

E+E,Leth&Gori 현대건축사 2014 월간 CONCEPT Vol.- No.180

兩面이 볼록한 物體周邊에 形成된 非壓縮性 層流 境界層內의 剝離現象에 관한 數値解析的 硏究

朴伊東,鄭雲哲 成均館大學校 1982 論文集 Vol.32 No.-

The object of this study was to find the separation point through Numerical Method, which happened at lower surface in a two dimensional incompressible laminar boundary layer formed around symmetrical biconvex body at angle of attack. It was assumed that a half thickness of biconvex body was unit length. A chord length was varied 20, 60, 100, 200, 400, and an angle of attack was varied from 0 degree to 45 degree. In order to obtain solutions finding the separation point, Momentum equation, continuity equation and Bernoulli's equation were combined and the corditton of separation was found. Equation of Velocity distribution around biconvex body given by Van Dyke was substituted to this condition and solution on each variables were obtained. The result was that seperation point happened at the more back of model as chord length and angle of attack were more increasing.

일반적 분류에 의한 석유 아스팔트의 성분 분석

권이열,이복영 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1990 環境科學論文集 Vol.11 No.-

Asphalt의 화학적 성분을 분석해보면 물리적 특성을 평가할 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 국내 정유회사에서 생산되는 AP-3와 AP-5를 시료로 택해서 효과적인 solvent deasphaltening의 조건을 찾고, asphaltenes를 분리한 후 petroleumes을 elution-adsorption chromatography를 이용해서 saturates, naphthene-aromatics 및 polar-aromatics로 분리하여 두 asphalt의 특성을 비교해 보았다. 효과적인 solvent deasphaltening의 조건을 용매로 n-heptane을 사용하고 80℃에서 1시간 extraction을 할 때 였다. AP-3와 AP-5의 조성상의 특징은, AP-3에 비해 AP-5의 asphaltenes 비율이 3.24% 높은 데 비해 polar-aromatics는 AP-3가 2.46% 높았으며, naphthene-aromatics와 saturates에서는 각각 1% 이내의 차이를 나타내었다. 이 결과에서 asphaltenes의 비율이 AP-3와 AP-5의 물성에 가장 큰 영향을 주는 것을 알았다. The analysis of the chemical compositions of asphalts can help to evaluate the physical properties of them. In this experiment solvent deasphaltenings were carried to find out the most effective conditions for asphalt samples, AP-3 and Ap-5, produced in some domestic oil refineries. Asphaltenes were separated as precipitates on these conditions, and then petrolenes were separated into saturates, naphthene-aromatics, and polar-aromatics using elution-adsorption chromatography. AP-3 and AP-5 were most efficiently deasphaltened when extracted by n-heptane at 80℃ for one hour duration. Comparing the compositions of AP-3 and AP-5, AP-5 contains 3.24% more amount of asphaltenes than AP-3, meanwhile Ap-3 contains 2.46% more amount of polar-aromatics than AP-5. In the contents of naphthene-aromatics and saturates AP-3 and AP-5 are almost the same within 1% range. This analytical results suggest that the physical properties of asphalt is mainly influenced by the content of asphaltenes.

수용액에서 시멘트를 이용한 중금속이온의 처리

권이열 韓陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1986 環境科學論文集 Vol.7 No.-

수용액에서 중금속을 제거할 목적으로 보통시멘트와 스래그시멘트로 수용액을 처리 하였다. 구리, 납, 아연 양이온의 0.05M 수용액을 시멘트 0.25∼4%로 상온에서 대략 4시간까지 처리한 결과는 다음과 같다. 수용액 중이 금속이온은 90% 정도 제거할 수 있다. 보통 시멘트가 스래그시멘트 보다 효과적이다. 흡착되는 속도는 구리, 납, 아연 순이다. An aqueous solution containing heavy metal ions is treated with the portland cement andslag cement separately to remove the these ions. 0.05M aqueous solutions of each of Cu²+, Pb²+, and Zn²+ are treated with 0.25∼4% of cements at room temperature for approximately four hours. The result shows that the portland cement is superior to the slag cement in terms of adsorptivity to remove 90% of the heavy metal ions. The adsorption rate increases in the order of Cu²+, Pb²+, and Zn²+.

대맛조개, Solen grandis(Dunker)의 生殖細胞 形成過程 및 生殖周期

鄭義泳,金榮吉 群山大學校自然科學硏究所 1986 自然科學硏究 Vol.1 No.-

韓國産 맛조개류中 크기가 가장 크며 水産業上 重要한 位置를 차지하고 있는 대맛조개, Solen grandis를 對象으로 生殖細胞 形成過程 및 生殖周期를 組織學的으로 調査하였고 이들의 增養殖을 爲한 基礎資料를 제공하기 爲해 生殖生物學的 調査를 하였다. 1. 대맛조개는 雌雄異體로서 卵生이다. 生殖巢는 內臟囊의 肝中腸線下方으로부터 足部의 纖維性網狀結締組織까지 分布되어 있다. 2. 卵巢는 數많은 卵巢小囊으로 構成되어 있으며 卵巢小囊의 上皮는 生殖上皮의 機能을 하고 있다. 卵原細胞는 生殖上皮上에서 어린 卵母細胞가 成長하고 있다. 精巢 역시 수많은 精巢小葉으로 構成되어 있으며 精巢小葉上皮는 生殖上皮의 기능을 한다. 小葉上皮를 따라서 精原細胞들이 活潑하게 增殖하고 있다. 3. 初期分裂增殖中인 卵原細胞는 10μm內外의 크기로 核과 仁이 뚜렷하고, 初期 成長中인 卵母細胞는 卵柄을 形成하여 生殖上皮에 부착하였다. 4. 數많은 未分化間充織과 好酸性顆粒細胞들은 初期發達期에 成長中인 卵母細胞와 精母細胞사이에 풍부하게 分布하나 卵巢와 精巢가 좀더 發達해감에 따라서 이들 間充織과 好酸性顆粒細胞들은 점차로 사라져 이들 組織과 細胞들은 營養細胞로 간주된다. 5. 成熟卵母細胞들은 卵巢小囊의 內腔內에서 원형 또는 타원형으로 되며, 完熟卵의 크기는 80∼90μm이었다. 그리고 精巢小葉上皮上에는 精原細胞 精母細胞, 精細胞 및 變態한 精子의 順으로 重層配列을 하였다. 6. 生殖年周期는 12月부터 1月까지 分裂增殖期, 1月부터 3月까지 成長期, 3月에서 8月까지 成熟期, 6月에서 7月까지 放出期 그리고 7月에서 12月까지 退化 및 休止期 등 連續的인 周期로 區分할 수 있었고 産卵盛期는 7月이었다. 7. 産卵期는 水溫과 密接한 關係를 가지며 水溫 20℃ 以上에서 産卵이 일어나고 있다. 8. 年間 肥滿度 및 消化盲囊의 脂肪細胞內 脂肪함량의 變化는 生殖年周期와 密接한 關係를 가지며 變하였다. 9.암컷과 수컷의 群成熟度는 殼長 8.0∼8.9 cm에서 50% 이상이었고, 10.0∼10.9 cm에서가 100%이었다. 全個體의 50% 이상이 再生産에 가담하기 시작하는 개체들의 연령은 滿 2歲부터 이었다. The structure of gonads, gametogenesis and reproductive cycle of the razor clam, Solen grandis were investigated by histological observation, and studied by comparing various quantitative variables, such as seasonal changes of fatness, the liver cell of the digestive diverticulum, and the first maturity. The materials were monthly collected at the coastal area of Yoobu-Do, Chungcheong Namdo, Korea, for one year from February 1985 to January 1986. 1. Sexuality of Solen grandis is dioecious, and the species is oviparous. The gonads are irregularly arranged from the subregion of mid-intestinal gland in visceral cavity to reticular connective tissue of foot. 2. The ovary is composed of a number of small ovarian sacs. The epithelium of ovarian sac has a function of the germinal epithelium. Oogonia actively proliferate along the germinal epithelium of the ovarian sac, in which young oocytes are growing. The testis is composed of a number of testicular lobuli, and the epithelium of the testicular lobule has function of germinal epithelium, along which spermatogonia actively proliferate. 3. Early multiplicating oogonium was about 10 μm in diameter. Nucleus and nucleolus were distinct in appearance. Each of the early growing oocytes made an egg-stalk, connected to the germinal epithelium. 4. A great number of undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and eosinophilic granular cells are abundantly distributed between the growing oocytes and spermatocytes in the early development stages. With the further development of the ovary and testis, these tissues and cells gradually disappear. Then the undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue and granular cells are considered to be related to the growing of the oocytes and spermatocytes as nutritive cells. 5. Mature oocytes gradually become round or oval in the lumen of ovarian sac. Ripe oocytes were about 80 to 90 μm in diameter. With the further development of gonad, each of the testicular lobli formed stratified layers composed of spermatogonia, spermatocytes, spermatids and spermatozoa in groups on the germinal epithelium. 6. The reproductive cycle of this species could be classified into five stages; Multiplicative from December to January, growing from January to March, mature from March to August, spent from June to July with peak spawning in July, degeneration and resting stage from July to December. 7. It seems that spawning season is closely related to the water temperature, and the spawning of Solen grandis occurs at above 20℃ in water temperature. 8. The annual variation of fatness of Solen grandis correlated with gonadal phases, was remarkably decreased by spawning. It seems that changes of the volume of lipid in the lipid cell of digestive diverticulum is closely related to the reproductive cycle also. 9. Percentages of the first maturity in female and male clams ranging from 8.0 to 8.9 cm were over 50% and from 10.0 to 10.9 cm in shell length 100%. Both sexes participated in reproduction from two years old.

국내산 점토에 의한 Pb(Ⅱ) 및 Cu(Ⅱ)의 흡착특성에 관한 연구

권이열,노혜란 漢陽大學校 環境科學硏究所 1990 環境科學論文集 Vol.11 No.-

본 연구는 국내산 점토인 감포35, 철원산 Bentonite 및 망운95를 흡착제로 사용하여 수용액상태에서 Pb(Ⅱ)과 Cu(Ⅱ)에 대한 흡착특성을 검토하였다. 그 결과, 각 흡착제에 대한 금속이온의 흡착평형은 40∼60분 정도에서 이루어졌다. 산성영역에서 pH가 높아질수록 흡착제들의 흡착능이 증가하였으며, 감포35의 경우는 pH2∼3정도에서도 90% 이상의 높은 흡착능을 보여 주었다. 전반적으로 Pb(Ⅱ)이 Cu(Ⅱ)에 비해 제거가 잘되었으며 흡착제들의 흡착능 순서는 감포35가 가장 좋았고 Bentonite, 망운95의 순이였다. 흡착제들에 대한 Pb(Ⅱ)의 흡착등온선은 거의 직선으로 Freundlich의 흡착등온식에 따랐으며, 감포35, Bentonite 및 망운95에 대한 Freundlich 상수(??) 값은 각각 0.195, 0.271, 0.314로 나타났다. This investigation was carried out to study the adsorption characteristics of Pb(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ)ions in aqueous solution by using clays of Gampo 35, Bentonite (chulwon) and Mangwoon 95 which were dug in the country. As the results, the adsorption of metal ions on clays were reached equilibrium by shaking for about 40∼60 minutes. In acidic solution, the adsorptivity of clays was increased as pH increased, however, Gampo 35 showed the high adsorptivity over 90% even at pH2∼3. Pb(Ⅱ) ion showed better removal efficiency than Cu(Ⅱ) ion. The adsorptivities of adsorbents showed following order: Gampo 35>Bentonite>Mangwoon 95. The adsorption isotherms of Pb(Ⅱ) ion on clays were well fitted in Freundlich's equation. Freundlich constants (??) of Gampo35, Bentonite and Mangwoon 95 were 0.195, 0.271 and 0.314 respectively.

多空質層內의 流體流動의 Diffusivity Equation의 誘導

朴伊東,吳炳旭 成均館大學校 1980 論文集 Vol.28 No.-

Science of underground water or oil reservoir is rather a global concept. One of the basic tool or elements are basic equation of flow in the underground. Flow through porous media has the viewpoint of using known or presumed knowledge of the reservoir material(media), the fluid (or fluids) present in the media, and the operating conditions of the system to descirbe mathematically the expected behavior of the reservoir system. The mathematical description could then be used to predict the behavior of the system. For effective production behavior, reservoir engineers are interested in all of these processes as they occur in porous media. In this study, as the first step derivation of diffusivity equation for slightly compressible fluid flow in the porous media was confined for linear horizontal flow system. Diffusivity equation (flow equation) was confined for linear horizontal flow system. Diffusivity equation (flow equation) was derived by combining three basic physical laws such as law of consercation of mass, darcy's law and equation of state which the fluid had to obey. As a result for derivation of diffusivity equation, ∂^2 p/∂x^2=øμc/k·∂p/∂t was obtained.

急傾斜 開水路上을 물이 流動할 때 粘性力과 重力의 效果

朴伊東 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1985 論文集 Vol.36 No.2

Experiment results showed that film water flow(arount 0. 5mm of film thickness) on steep open channel (made of a normal glass with 160cm of the length) was affected by mainly gravity force rather than viscosity force. Characteristics of the gravity force affecting to the film water flow depended upon the flow rate of water, namely strong gravity force affected to the flow for a big flow rate than for a little flow rate. Very large deviation of the effect between a big and a little flow rate took place at entrance of the channel. Specialy, for the maximum flow rate(10 GPM) the most effect at the entrance decreased rapidly at early stage. Contrarily, for the minimum flow rate (0.25GPM) the effect at the entrance rather increased a little at early stage comparatively. Generally, the effects of gravity force kept almost constantly for all flow rate from mid point of the channel (about 80cm from the entrance of channel).

可變幅 急傾斜 開水路上을 流動하는 물의 깊이 變化에 관한 實驗的 硏究

朴伊東,朴昌鎬 成均館大學校 科學技術硏究所 1986 論文集 Vol.37 No.1

A study on fluid flow on steep open channel with variable width has been seldom found up to date. Therefore, this paper dealed with the depth variation of water flowing on steep open channel with variable width. For this purpose, experimental apparatus was made and the depths of water flowing on steep open channel with variable width were measured experimentally, changing the channel slope angle from 30° to 60° degree (4 steps) and the flow rate from 3 to 8 GPM (4 steps). Whether theoretical equation could he applied for the thin film flow on steep open channel with variable width was investigated from the comparision of the depths of flow obtained from Manning equation and Navier-Stokes equation with the depths of water flow from the experimental measurements. And whether the depth variation of water flow on steep open channel with variable width could be predicted by the use of the depth variation of water flow with constant width. The results obtained are as follows. 1. When thin film water flowed on steep open channel with variable width, the depths of flow tended to increase after decreasing along the entire channel lengths. 2. The turning point of the depths of flow from decrease to increase tended to move downwards with the increase of the flow rates, and to move upwards with the increase of the channel slope. 3. With constant flow rate, the more channel slope increasese, the more the increasing rates of depths of flow got larger than the decreasing rates on the same channel length. 4. The depth variation of water flow with constant width could not applied to predict the depths of flow on steep open channel with variable width.