The Syntax of Multiple-sluicing in Mandarin Chinese

Chengdong Wang,Jingquan Han 한국생성문법학회 2018 생성문법연구 Vol.28 No.4

Multiple-sluicing in Chinese falls into two types: pseudo multiple-sluicing and typical multiple-sluicing. In the former, the two simplex wh-arguments have the basic structure of ‘pro + shi ‘be’ + wh-phrase’ and are coordinated by a covert conjunction word. Typical multiple-sluicing can be found in the following three forms: the first one includes two discourse-linked wh-arguments, the second consists of two complex wh-adjuncts and the third is composed of a discourse-linked wh-argument and a complex wh-adjunct. This article argues that while no overt wh-movement is involved in the derivation of pseudo multiple-sluicing, typical multiple-sluicing does. Specifically, topic- prominent wh-phrases and focus-prominent wh-phrases move to [Spec, TopP] and [Spec, FocP] respectively, and a subsequent deletion of IP at PF derives a well-formed typical multiple-sluicing.

Dynamic characteristics analysis of partial-interaction composite continuous beams

Genshen Fang,Jingquan Wang,Shuai Li,Shubin Zhang 국제구조공학회 2016 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.21 No.1

The dynamic characteristics of continuous steel-concrete composite beams considering the effect of interlayer slip were investigated based on Euler Bernoulli's beam theory. A simplified calculation model was presented, in which the Mode Stiffness Matrix (MSM) was developed. The natural frequencies and modes of partialinteraction composite continuous beams can be calculated accurately and easily by the use of MSM. Proceeding from the present method, the natural frequencies of two-span steel-concrete composite continuous beams with different span-ratios (0.53, 0.73, 0.85, 1) and different shear connection stiffnesses on the interface are calculated. The influence pattern of interfacial stiffness on bending vibration frequency was found. With the decrease of shear connection stiffness on the interface, the flexural vibration frequencies decrease obviously. And the influence on low order modes is more obvious while the reduction degree of high order is more sizeable. The real natural frequencies of partial-interaction continuous beams commonly used could have a 20% to 40% reduction compared with the fully-interaction ones. Furthermore, the reduction-ratios of natural frequencies for different span-ratios two-span composite beams with uniform shear connection stiffnesses are totally the same. The span-ratio mainly impacts on the mode shape. Four kinds of shear connection stiffnesses of steel-concrete composite continuous beams are calculated and compared with the experimental data and the FEM results. The calculated results using the proposed method agree well with the experimental and FEM ones on the low order modes which mainly determine the vibration properties.

VSV-G Viral Envelope Glycoprotein Prepared from Pichia pastoris Enhances Transfection of DNA into Animal Cells

( Xin Liu ),( Ying Dong ),( Jingquan Wang ),( Long Li ),( Zhenmin-zhong ),( Yun-pan Li ),( Shao-jun Chen ),( Yu-cai Fu ),( Wen-can Xu ),( Chi-ju Wei ) 한국미생물생명공학회(구 한국산업미생물학회) 2017 Journal of microbiology and biotechnology Vol.27 No.6

Vesicular stomatitis virus G glycoprotein (VSV-G) has been widely used for pseudotyping retroviral, lentiviral, and artificial viral vectors. The objective of this study was to establish a potential approach for large-scale production of VSV-G. To this end, VSV-G was cloned with an N-terminal His-tag into Pichia pastoris expression vector pPIC3.5K. Three clones (Mut^s) containing the VSV-G expression cassette were identified by PCR. All clones proliferated normally in expansion medium, whereas the proliferation was reduced significantly under induction conditions. VSV-G protein was detected in cell lysates by western blot analysis, and the highest expression level was observed at 96 h post induction. VSV-G could also be obtained from the condition medium of yeast protoplasts. Furthermore, VSV-G could be incorporated into Ad293 cells and was able to induce cell fusion, leading to the transfer of cytoplasmic protein. Finally, VSV-G-mediated DNA transfection was assayed by flow cytometry and luciferase measurement. Incubation of VSV-G lysate with the pGL3-control DNA complex increased the luciferase activity in Ad293 and HeLa cells by about 3-fold. Likewise, incubation of VSV-G lysate with the pCMV-DsRed DNA complex improved the transfection efficiency into Ad293 by 10% and into HeLa cells by about 1-fold. In conclusion, these results demonstrate that VSV-G could be produced from P. pastoris with biofunctionalities, demonstrating that large-scale production of the viral glycoprotein is feasible.

Full-scale testing on the flexural behavior of an innovative dovetail UHPC joint of composite bridges

Jianan Qi,Zhao Cheng,Jingquan Wang,Yutong Zhu,Wenchao Li 국제구조공학회 2020 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.75 No.1

This paper presents a full-scale experimental test to investigate the flexural behavior of an innovative dovetail ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) joint designed for the 5th Nanjing Yangtze River Bridge. The test specimen had a dimension of 3600 × 1600 × 170 mm, in accordance with the real bridge. The failure mode, crack pattern and structural response were presented. The ductility and stiffness degradation of the tested specimens were explicitly discussed. Test results indicated that different from conventional reinforced concrete slabs, well-distributed cracks with small spacing were observed for UHPC joint slabs at failure. The average nominal flexural cracking strength of the test specimens was 7.7 MPa, signifying good crack resistance of the proposed dovetail UHPC joint. It is recommended that high grade reinforcement be cooperatively used to take full advantage of the superior mechanical property of UHPC. A new ductility index, expressed by dividing the ultimate deflection by flexural cracking deflection, was introduced to evaluate the post-cracking ductility capacity. Finally, a strut-and-tie (STM) model was developed to predict the ultimate strength of the proposed UHPC joint.

Flexural Behavior of Ultra-High Performance Concrete (UHPC) Deck with Joints subjected to an Improved Steel Wire Mesh (SWM) Treatment

Kaiwei Lu,Linpu Du,Fan Zhang,Xingxing Zou,Jingquan Wang 대한토목학회 2023 KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering Vol.27 No.5

Prefabricated Ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) decks are often connected using UHPC wet joints to create the overall deck structure. The UHPC deck is, nevertheless, made weak by the fiber discontinuity at the contact interface. In this study, the fiber at the interface was made to serve as a bridge using an embedded steel wire mesh, and experiments were utilized to determine how the contact between the fiber and the steel bar affects the flexural behavior. The results show that the fiber significantly affects the ductility and flexural strength without reinforcement. The combined action of the fiber and reinforcement of the reinforced specimen somewhat increases the flexural capacity and ductility. The flexural capacity of decks with joints was finally calculated using three different ways, and it was found that the method that simplifies the tension and compression zones into rectangles is the most appropriate.

Experimental and numerical study on static behavior of grouped large-headed studs embedded in UHPC

Yuqing Hu,Guotang Zhao,Zhiqi He,Jianan Qi,Jingquan Wang 국제구조공학회 2020 Steel and Composite Structures, An International J Vol.36 No.1

The static behavior of grouped large-headed studs (d = 30 mm) embedded in ultra-high performance concrete (UHPC) was investigated by conducting push-out tests and numerical analysis. In the push-out test, no splitting cracks were found in the UHPC slab, and the shank failure control the shear capacity, indicating the large-headed stud matches well with the mechanical properties of UHPC. Besides, it is found that the shear resistance of the stud embedded in UHPC is 11.4% higher than that embedded in normal strength concrete, indicating that the shear resistance was improved. Regarding the numerical analysis, the parametric study was conducted to investigate the influence of the concrete strength, aspect ratio of stud, stud diameter, and the spacing of stud in the direction of shear force on the shear performance of the large-headed stud. It is found that the stud diameter and stud spacing have an obvious influence on the shear resistance. Based on the test and numerical analysis results, a formula was established to predict the load-slip relationship. The comparison indicates that the predicted results agree well with the test results. To accurately predict the shear resistance of the stud embedded in UHPC, a design equation for shear strength is proposed. The ratio of the calculation results to the test results is 0.99.

Static behavior of stud shear connectors with initial damage in steel-UHPC composite bridges

Qi, Jianan,Tang, Yiqun,Cheng, Zhao,Xu, Rui,Wang, Jingquan Techno-Press 2020 Advances in concrete construction Vol.9 No.4

For steel-concrete girders made composite using shear studs, initial damage on studs induced by weld defect, unexpected overloading, fatigue and others might degrade the service performance and even threaten the structural safety. This paper conducted a numerical study to investigate the static behavior of damaged stud shear connectors that were embedded in ultra high performance concrete (UHPC). Parameters included damage degree and damage location. The material nonlinear behavior was characterized by multi-linear stress-strain relationship and damage plasticity model. The results indicated that the shear strength was not sensitive to the damage degree when the damage occurred at 2/3d (d is the stud diameter) from the stud root. An increased stud area would be engaged in resisting shear force as the distance of damage location from stud root increased and the failure section becomes inclined, resulting in a less reduction in the shear strength and shear stiffness. The reduction factor was proposed to consider the degradation of the shear strength of the damaged stud. The reduction factor can be calculated using two approaches: a linear relationship and a square relationship with the damage degree corresponding to the shear strength dominated by the section area and the nominal diameter of the damaged stud. It was found that the proposed method is preferred to predict the shear strength of a stud with initial damage.

Cactus-like double-shell structured SiO2@TiO2 microspheres: Fabrication, electrorheological performances and microwave absorption

Xuqiang Ji,Wenling Zhang,Wenpeng Ji,Xiaoxia Wan,Yutian Wang,Li Deng,Jingquan Liu 한국공업화학회 2017 Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Vol.56 No.-

The cactus-like double-shell structured SiO2@TiO2 microspheres (CDS SiO2@TiO2 microspheres) withhigh dielectric properties were successfully fabricated and utilized as high-performance electrorheological(ER)fluids and microwave absorbing materials. The SiO2 nanospheres with average diametersof 190 nm were synthesized by the hydrolysis of tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), and used as the core forthefirst coating layer of TiO2 achieved by sol-gel method. Thefinal cactus-like TiO2 layer was prepared viaa hydrothermal method. The morphology of the resultant samples was characterized via transmissionelectron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and scanning transmission electronmicroscopy (STEM). This novel CDS SiO2@TiO2 microspheres based suspension exhibited improved ERproperties compared to conventional bare SiO2 spheres.