The Predictive Processing of Korean Control Sentences

( Jina Song ),( Hongoak Yun ) 서울대학교 인지과학연구소 2016 Journal of Cognitive Science Vol.17 No.3

The goal of this study is to investigate whether an antecedent for pro in Korean control sentences is predictively determined and if so, which constituent is preferred to be selected as an antecedent for pro. We manipulated the type of preverbal markers (i.e., control-creating markers, -keys or -la, and a control-neutral marker, -kes) and the type of control verbs (subject control verbs, object control verbs). Using a self-paced moving window reading task with a secondary judgment, we found that 1) reading times at control verbs were slower when preverbal markers (i.e., control-neutral markers) did not provide any particular semantic information on pro than when they (i.e., control creating markers) cued semantic information on pro. 2) The words prior to control verbs took longer to read when the antecedent for pro corresponded to matrix subjects than matrix objects. 3) The rejection rates of sentences were higher from the position of control verbs when control-neutral markers were used and pro had to be co-indexed with matrix subjects than when control-creating markers were used and pro had to be co-indexed with matrix objects. Our results suggest that licensing of pro identity was predictively determined and matrix objects were preferred the antecedent for pro. Taken together, we claim that Korean readers actively and immediately use information from preverbal markers and control verbs associated with pro resolution.

Korean '-e ci' Constructions: Anti-Causatives or Passives?

Song, Jina Korean Society for Language and Information 2016 언어와 정보 Vol.20 No.1

The status of the Korean morphological marker '-e ci' has been controversial whether it is a passive marker, an anticausative marker, or a passive/anticausative marker. However, the previous approaches that tried to classify '-e ci' constructions based on the syntactic verb classes (i.e. intransitive or transitive) were short of explaining the properties of the constructions. In this study, the '-e ci' constructions were distinguished based on agentivity, following Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995) and Alexiadou et al. (2006). Moreover, how the verbal root meaning is associated with the passive/anticausative construction was investigated by means of Distributed Morphology (DM) (Embick 2010; Marantz 1997). I argued that the morphological marker '-e ci' is the instantiation of the absence of external arguments. With respect to the behavior of the Korean '-e ci' constructions with the semantics of each verbal root class, I found out that the '-e ci' constructions can form passives with the verbal roots that require the external arguments; whereas, the anticausatives cannot be formed with the roots that necessarily require the agentive arguments. However, contrary to the previous arguments that '-e ci' passives can be only formed with transitive verbs, it is discovered that non-agentive transitive roots do form anticausatives. Moreover, I argued that there are two types of the anticausatives - zero and '-e ci' anticausatives. Since the valency reduction is marked by the non-active voice morphology, the zero anticausatives appear only with the roots that do not require external arguments. The different '-e ci' constructions (passives, '-e ci', and zero anticausatives) are represented by the distinct syntactic structures. I proposed that the morphological similarity between the passives and the '-e ci' anticausatives is due to the presence of VoiceP, which introduces the external arguments. Moreover, the lack of the voice morphology in the zero anticausatives is explained by the absence of the VoiceP.

Korean "-e ci" Constructions: Anti-Causatives or Passives?

( Jina Song ) 한국언어정보학회 2016 언어와 정보 Vol.20 No.1

The status of the Korean morphological marker ‘-e ci’ has been controversial whether it is a passive marker, an anticausative marker, or a passive/anticausative marker. However, the previous approaches that tried to classify ‘-e ci’ constructions based on the syntactic verb classes (i.e. intransitive or transitive) were short of explaining the properties of the constructions. In this study, the ‘-e ci’ constructions were distinguished based on agentivity, following Levin & Rappaport Hovav (1995) and Alexiadou et al. (2006). Moreover, how the verbal root meaning is associated with the passive/anticausative construction was investigated by means of Distributed Morphology (DM) (Embick 2010; Marantz 1997). I argued that the morphological marker ‘-e ci’ is the instantiation of the absence of external arguments. With respect to the behavior of the Korean ‘-e ci’ constructions with the semantics of each verbal root class, I found out that the ‘-e ci’ constructions can form passives with the verbal roots that require the external arguments; whereas, the anticausatives cannot be formed with the roots that necessarily require the agentive arguments. However, contrary to the previous arguments that ‘-e ci’ passives can be only formed with transitive verbs, it is discovered that non-agentive transitive roots do form anticausatives. Moreover, I argued that there are two types of the anticausatives - zero and ‘-e ci’ anticausatives. Since the valency reduction is marked by the non-active voice morphology, the zero anticausatives appear only with the roots that do not require external arguments. The different ‘-e ci’ constructions (passives, ‘-e ci’, and zero anticausatives) are represented by the distinct syntactic structures. I proposed that the morphological similarity between the passives and the ‘-e ci’ anticausatives is due to the presence of VoiceP, which introduces the external arguments. Moreover, the lack of the voice morphology in the zero anticausatives is explained by the absence of the VoiceP.

On English Swiping: a Direct Interpretation Approach

( Jina Song ) 한국언어정보학회 2016 언어와 정보 Vol.20 No.3

It has been difficult to analyze swiping successfully, because of its idiosyncratic properties-the island sensitivity and the restriction on the prepositions available for swiping. The island sensitivity of swiping has been a challenging problem, because swiping, as well as sluicing, undergoes the deletion of TP at PF, which repairs illicit traces under the movement approach. Moreover, the property that not all prepositions can be swiped has been another challenge, because it is almost impossible to generalize what kinds of prepositions can be swiped. In this paper, swiping in English is analyzed under the Direct Interpretation approach using the construction-based HPSG framework. This paper argues that the swiped PP should be treated as a base-generated fragment, which is interpreted from the contextual information in DISC-REC. Moreover, in line with Kim and Kuno (2013), the island sensitivity of swiping was analyzed in terms of processing activation, where the implicit correlate should be activated in the FOC-ATT, because swiping with any antecedent clauses can be resolved so long as the implicit correlate is in the awareness of the hearer. In addition, by introducing a type hierarchy of the parts of speech, swiping-available prepositions were well-restricted.

혈관내피세포에서 c-Jun N-terminal kinase에 의해 조절되는 세포사멸에 고농도의 피노실빈이 미치는 효과

송지나(Jina Song),박진선(Jinsun Park),정은실(Eunsil Jeong),소아영(A-Young So),피재호(Jaeho Pyee),박헌용(Heonyong Park) 한국생명과학회 2015 생명과학회지 Vol.25 No.4

피노실빈은 소나무 등에서 흔히 관찰되는 스틸벤노이드이다. 혈관내피세포에서 ~pM에서 ~nM 정도의 낮은 농도의 피노실빈은 세포성장, 세포이동, 항염증반응을 유도한다. 그러나 최근에 고농도의 피노실빈이 소 대동맥 내피세포의 세포사를 유발하고 있음이 보고되었으나, 그 자세한 기전이나 경로 연구가 미흡하여 이번 연구에서 고농도 피노실빈의 세포사 유발 경로를 규명하기 위한 실험을 수행하였다. 고농도의 피노실빈은 caspase-3 절단, 포스파티딜 세린의 플립플롭, 핵 분절 등을 유도하는 것으로 보아 세포사멸을 통한 세포사를 유발함을 알았다. 또한 혈청기아나 100 μM etoposide에 의하여 촉발하는 caspase-3 활성/핵분절이 추가적으로 증가하는 현상이 관찰되었다. 이는 피노실빈이 일으키는 세포사멸은 혈청기아나 etoposide에 의해 일어나는 세포사멸과는 다른 경로로 진행됨을 의미하므로 고농도의 피노실빈에 의해 촉발되는 세포신호전달을 탐색한 결과, JNK와 eNOS가 관여함을 알았다. 두 신호전달 물질 중에 어느 것이 피노실빈 유도 세포사에 중요한 지를 알기 위한 추가적인 실험을 진행하였다. 그 결과, JNK 억제자인 SP-600125는 피노실빈에 의한 세포사멸을 억제하였으나, eNOS 억제자인 L-NAME은 아무런 영향이 없는 것으로 보아 JNK가 피노실빈에 의해 유발되는 세포사멸에 관여하는 세포신호 전달물질임을 알았다. Pinosylvin is a stilbenoid found in the Pinus species. Pinosylvin at ~pM to ~nM concentrations induces cell proliferation, cell migration and anti-inflammatory activity in endothelial cells. However, it was recently reported that pinosylvin at high concentrations (50 to 100 μM) induces cell death in bovine aortic endothelial cells. In this study, we conducted a series of experiments to discover how pinosylvin at a high concentration (50 μM) induces endothelial cell death. Pinosylvin at the high concentration was shown to induce endothelial cell apoptosis through enhancing caspase-3 activity, flip-flop of phosphatidyl serine, and nuclear fragmentation. We found that pinosylvin at the high concentration additively increased caspase-3 activity enhanced by serum-starvation or treatment with 100 μM etoposide. We also determined that pinosylvin at the high concentration promoted activations of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and endothelial nitric oxide synthetase (eNOS). We further ran a series of experiments to find out which signaling molecule plays a critical role in the pinosylvin-induced apoptosis. We finally found that SP-600125, a JNK inhibitor, had an inhibitory effect on the pinosylvin-induced endothelial cell death, but L-NAME, an eNOS inhibitor, had no effect. These data indicate that JNK is involved in the pinosylvin-induced apoptosis. Collectively, pinosylvin at high doses induces cell apoptosis via JNK activation.

Long-Term Effects of Magnetically Targeted Ferumoxide-Labeled Human Neural Stem Cells in Focal Cerebral Ischemia

Song, Miyeoun,Kim, Young-Ju,Kim, Yoon-Ha,Roh, Jina,Kim, Eun-Cheol,Lee, Hong Jun,Kim, Seung U.,Yoon, Byung-Woo Cognizant Communication Corp. 2015 CELL TRANSPLANTATION Vol.24 No.2

Effects of dietary phosphorus and phytase on growth performance, phosphorus excretion and odor emission in pullets

Jina Park,Yun-Ji Heo,Ju-Yong Song,Yoo-Bhin Kim,Byung-Yeon Kwon,Da-Hye Kim,Kyung-Woo Lee 한국가금학회 2022 한국가금학회 정기총회 및 학술발표회 Vol.2022 No.11

Extraction of valuable information from the structure of the geological big-data

Jina Jeong,Jiho Jeong,Eungyu Park,Byung Sun Lee,Sung-Ho Song,MoonSu Kim,Hyunkoo Kim 대한지질학회 2020 대한지질학회 학술대회 Vol.2020 No.10

Twenty-Five Year Trend Change in the Etiology of Pediatric Invasive Bacterial Infections in Korea, 1996–2020

Song Seung Ha,Lee Hyunju,Lee Hoan Jong,송은송,Ahn Jong Gyun,박수은,Lee Taekjin,Cho Hye-Kyung,Lee Jina,Kim Yae-Jean,조대선,김종현,강현미,이준기,김천수,김동현,김황민,최재홍,은병욱,김남희,Cho Eun Young,Kim Yun-Kyung,Oh Chi Eun,김경효,Ma Sang 대한의학회 2023 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.38 No.16

Background: The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has contributed to the change in the epidemiology of many infectious diseases. This study aimed to establish the pre-pandemic epidemiology of pediatric invasive bacterial infection (IBI). Methods: A retrospective multicenter-based surveillance for pediatric IBIs has been maintained from 1996 to 2020 in Korea. IBIs caused by eight bacteria (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Neisseria meningitidis, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Listeria monocytogenes, and Salmonella species) in immunocompetent children > 3 months of age were collected at 29 centers. The annual trend in the proportion of IBIs by each pathogen was analyzed. Results: A total of 2,195 episodes were identified during the 25-year period between 1996 and 2020. S. pneumoniae (42.4%), S. aureus (22.1%), and Salmonella species (21.0%) were common in children 3 to 59 months of age. In children ≥ 5 years of age, S. aureus (58.1%), followed by Salmonella species (14.8%) and S. pneumoniae (12.2%) were common. Excluding the year 2020, there was a trend toward a decrease in the relative proportions of S. pneumoniae (rs = −0.430, P = 0.036), H. influenzae (rs = −0.922, P < 0.001), while trend toward an increase in the relative proportion of S. aureus (rs = 0.850, P < 0.001), S. agalactiae (rs = 0.615, P = 0.001), and S. pyogenes (rs = 0.554, P = 0.005). Conclusion: In the proportion of IBIs over a 24-year period between 1996 and 2019, we observed a decreasing trend for S. pneumoniae and H. influenzae and an increasing trend for S. aureus, S. agalactiae, and S. pyogenes in children > 3 months of age. These findings can be used as the baseline data to navigate the trend in the epidemiology of pediatric IBI in the post COVID-19 era.

Quality of life and mental health in family caregivers of patients with terminal cancer

Song, Jong Im,Shin, Dong Wook,Choi, Jin Young,Kang, Jina,Baik, Young Ji,Mo, Hana,Park, Myung Hee,Choi, Sung Eun,Kwak, Jeong Ho,Kim, Eun Jin Springer-Verlag 2011 Supportive care in cancer Vol.19 No.10