고위험 만삭아의 급성 신부전에 관한 연구

김경효,이승주,이근 대한신장학회 1986 학술대회및초록집 Vol.5 No.1

인유두종 바이러스 백신

김경효,김종현,박수은,신선희,오성희,이환종,조대선,최은화,허재균,홍영진,Kim, Kyung Hyo,Kim, Jong-Hyun,Park, Su Eun,Shin, Seon Hee,Oh, Sung-Hee,Lee, Hoan Jong,Jo, Dae Sun,Choi, Eun Hwa,Hur, Jae Kyun,Hong, Young Jin 대한소아청소년과학회 2007 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.50 No.8

현대에서의 생백신과 이에 대한 면역반응의 재평가

김경효 대한소아감염학회 2009 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.16 No.1

The vaccines has been developed over the first two hundred years since Jenner's smallpox vaccination. In modern days, vaccination has had the largest impact on the incidence and persistence of infections. Although natural infection induces lifelong immunity, the assumption that the vaccine also confers permanent protection has been reconsidered following outbreaks of measles in students who had been vaccinated 15-20 years prior to infection in the US in the 1980s. Clinical studies have proposed several mechanisms such as vaccine failure in some individuals and the subsequent loss of immunity after vaccination. An ideal vaccine is relatively easy to define, but few real vaccines approach the ideal. Many difficulties account for the failure in producing these ideal vaccines. However, recent advances in methods for studying immune response to pathogens have provided a better understanding of immune mechanisms. Based on these findings, the development of good vaccine formulations allowing stimulation of optimal and prolonged protective immunity and immunization policies or schedules should lead to the introduction of vaccines for previously resistant organisms. The vaccines has been developed over the first two hundred years since Jenner's smallpox vaccination. In modern days, vaccination has had the largest impact on the incidence and persistence of infections. Although natural infection induces lifelong immunity, the assumption that the vaccine also confers permanent protection has been reconsidered following outbreaks of measles in students who had been vaccinated 15-20 years prior to infection in the US in the 1980s. Clinical studies have proposed several mechanisms such as vaccine failure in some individuals and the subsequent loss of immunity after vaccination. An ideal vaccine is relatively easy to define, but few real vaccines approach the ideal. Many difficulties account for the failure in producing these ideal vaccines. However, recent advances in methods for studying immune response to pathogens have provided a better understanding of immune mechanisms. Based on these findings, the development of good vaccine formulations allowing stimulation of optimal and prolonged protective immunity and immunization policies or schedules should lead to the introduction of vaccines for previously resistant organisms.

한국 12-23개월 소아에서 7가 폐구균 단백결합 백신 추가접종으로 유도된 6B와 19F 혈청형 특이 방어항체의 교차혈청형 6A, 6C, 19A에 대한 교차 반응

김경효,양주연,박인호,임수영,Kim, Kyung-Hyo,Yang, Joo Yun,Park, In Ho,Lim, Soo Young 대한소아감염학회 2013 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.20 No.2

목 적 : 폐구균 단백결합 백신의 교차혈청형에 대한 교차방어 능력에 대한 연구는 매우 부족하다. 본 연구는 12-23개월 연령 소아에게 PCV7 추가접종 후 얻어진 면역혈청에서 교차혈청형 6A, 6C, 19A에 대한 교차 항체의 혈청학적 특성을 연구하기 위해 수행하였다. 방 법 : 백신 혈청형 6B, 19F와 교차혈청형 6A, 6C, 19A의 IgG, IgM 항체 농도와 옵소닌 인덱스를 ELISA와 OPA를 통해 측정하였다. 혈청군 6과 19에 대한 방어항체의 혈청학적 특성과 항원 특이도는 면역혈청내 IgM 제거, OPA, cOPA를 통해 확인하였다. 결 과 : 대조군 혈청에 비교하여 IgM 제거 면역혈청의 6B와 19F에 대한 옵소닌 인덱스가 감소하였고, 6A, 6C, 19A에 대한 옵소닌 인덱스도 역시 감소하였다. cOPA에서 6B 다당질, 19F다당질은 백신 혈청형 6B, 19F 뿐 아니라 6A, 6C, 19A의 방어 면역도 완전히 억제하였다. 결 론 : 6B, 19F를 포함한 PCV7은 교차혈청형 6A, 6C, 19A에 대한 IgG 및 IgM 교차방어 항체를 유도하였다. IgM 방어항체는 IgG 항체와 비교하여 백신 혈청형뿐 아니라 백신-연관 혈청형에 대해 더 높은 옵소닌 인덱스를 나타내었다. 향후 더 많은 소아와 성인의 면역 혈청으로 연구가 필요하다. Purpose: The cross-protection of 7-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) against vaccine-related serotypes has been controversial. We investigated the serological properties of cross-protective antibodies against vaccine-related serotypes 6A, 6C, and 19A induced in young children aged 12-23 months after booster immunization of PCV7. Methods: IgG and IgM antibody concentrations and opsonic index (OI) against vaccine serotypes 6B and 19F and vaccine-related serotypes 6A, 6C, and 19A were measured by ELISA and opsonophagocytic killing assay (OPA) in 4 selected immunesera. The serological properties and antigenic specificity of protective antibodies were determined by IgM depletion of immunesera, OPA, and competitive OPA against serogroup 6 and 19 pneumococci. Results: Compared to pre-IgM depleted immunesera, OI of IgM-depleted immunesera against 6B and 19F decreased and OI against 6A, 6C, and 19A decreased, too. In competition OPA, free 6B and 19F polysaccharide completely inhibited the immune protection against vaccine-related serotypes 6A, 6C, and 19A as well as vaccine types 6B and 19F. Conclusions: The booster immunization of PCV7 certainly induced cross-protective antibodies against vaccine-related serotypes 6A, 6C, and 19A with both IgG and IgM isotypes. Furthermore, IgM antibodies are more highly contributed to opsonophagocytic activity against vaccine-related serotypes as well as most of vaccine types than do IgG antibodies. Further studies are needed for the more immunized sera in the children as well as adults.

감염성심내막염의 임상적 고찰

김경효,설준희,이승규,진동식,조승연,이웅구,조범구 대한순환기학회 1985 Korean Circulation Journal Vol.15 No.1

Immunogenicity of MenACWY-CRM in Korean Military Recruits: Influence of Tetanus-Diphtheria Toxoid Vaccination on the Vaccine Response to MenACWY-CRM

김경효,김한울,박인호,유수성,유희태,오인수,성필수,신의철 연세대학교의과대학 2016 Yonsei medical journal Vol.57 No.6

The quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-CRM) has been introduced for military recruits in Korea since 2012. This study was performed to evaluate the immunogenicity of MenACWY-CRM in Korean military recruits. In addition, the influence of tetanus-diphtheria toxoids (Td) vaccination on the vaccine response to MenACWY-CRM was analyzed. A total of 75 military recruits were enrolled. Among them, 18 received a dose of MenACWY-CRM only (group 1), and 57 received Td three days before MenACWY-CRM immunization (group 2). The immunogenicity of MenACWY-CRM was compared between the two groups. The serum bactericidal activity with baby rabbit complement was measured before and three weeks after immunization against serogroups A, C, W-135, and Y. The geometric mean titers (GMTs) against four serogroups were significantly increased in both groups after immunization. Compared to group 2, group 1 exhibited significantly higher vaccine responses in several aspects:post-immune GMTs against serogroup A and C, seroresponse rates against serogroup A, and a fold increases of titers against serogroup A, C, and Y. MenACWY-CRM was immunogenic against all vaccine-serogroups in Korean military recruits. Vaccine response to MenACWY-CRM was influenced by Td administered three days earlier.

Haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) 백신 접종의 현황과 전망

김경효 대한소아청소년과학회 2006 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.49 No.3

Haemophilus influenzae type b(Hib) conjugate vaccines prevent Hib disease in individuals and reduce the carriage and transmission of the organism in the community. The incidence of Hib disease has been decreased dramatically in a diverse range of countries through the use of a variety of conjugate vaccines and vaccine schedules. In some countries, the vaccine has caused a near-disappearance of invasive Hib disease through a combination of direct protection and herd immunity. The effectiveness of the vaccine was not modified by the type of conjugate vaccine, the number of doses given(two, three or four), age at first vaccination(two months, 42 to 90 days, three months) and whether the vaccine was tested in an industrialized or developing country. Over 15 years of international experience with vaccines has also demonstrated that they are safe. In 2004, Hib vaccines were adapted in routine immunization in 92 countries in the world. Decisions regarding the use of the Hib vaccine in routine immunization schedules depend not only on the effectiveness and efficacy of the vaccine but also on factors such as burden of disease, vaccine cost, and competing priorities. In Korea, Hib disease burden seemed to be lower than other developed countries(~10/100,000). Moreover Hib vaccines showed excellent immunogenicity in Korean children in many studies. Therefore, a potential approach to economize the cost of Hib vaccines could be to explore the possibilities of using reduced vaccine doses for immunization as some other countries.

Phenotypic and Functional Analysis of HL-60 Cells Used in Opsonophagocytic-Killing Assay for Streptococcus pneumoniae

김경효,서주영,조수진 대한의학회 2015 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.30 No.2

Differentiated HL-60 is an effector cell widely used for the opsonophagocytic-killing assay(OPKA) to measure efficacy of pneumococcal vaccines. We investigated the correlationbetween phenotypic expression of immunoreceptors and phagocytic ability of HL-60 cellsdifferentiated with N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA), or 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VitD3) for 5 days. Phenotypic change was examined by flowcytometry with specific antibodies to CD11c, CD14, CD18, CD32, and CD64. Apoptosiswas determined by flow cytometry using 7-aminoactinomycin D. Function was evaluatedby a standard OPKA against serotype 19F and chemiluminescence-based respiratory burstassay. The expression of CD11c and CD14 gradually increased upon exposure to all threeagents, while CD14 expression increased abruptly after VitD3. The expression of CD18,CD32, and CD64 increased during differentiation with all three agents. Apoptosis remainedless than 10% until day 3 but increased after differentiation by DMF or ATRA. Differentiation with ATRA or VitD3 increased the respiratory burst after day 4. DMFdifferentiation showed a high OPKA titer at day 1 which sustained thereafter while ATRAorVitD3-differentiated cells gradually increased. Pearson analysis between the phenotypicchanges and OPKA titers suggests that CD11c might be a useful differentiation marker forHL-60 cells for use in pneumococcal OPKA.

청소년기 자궁경부암 백신 접종에 대한 이해

김경효 한국모자보건학회 2008 한국모자보건학회 학술대회 연제집 Vol.2008 No.2

인텔 $MMX^TM$ 기술고찰

김경효 대한전자공학회 1996 전자공학회지 Vol.23 No.7

MMX 기술은 멀티미디어 및 통신 애플리케이션을 좀더 강력하게 실행할 수 있도록 해준다. MMX 기술은 데이터를 병렬로 처리할 수 있도록 해주는 새로운 데이터 형태와 명령을 추가한 새로운 프로세서 아키텍춰이다. MMX기술은 기존 운영체계 및 애플리케이션과 완벽하게 호환된다. MMX 기술은 PC 플랫폼에 새로운 향상을 가져와 새로운 애플리케이션과 PC의 새로운 활용을 가능케 해준다. 또한 PC를 통신 및 멀티미디어 기기로 자리매김할 수 있도록 하는 업계의 새로운 파라다임을 설정할 것이다. MMX 기술을 채용한 프로세서가 장착된 시스템은 인텔이 MMX기술을 장착한 여러세대의 프로세서를 발표하는 1997년부터 대량으로 사용될 전망이다.