Statement on healthcare system preparedness in response to COVID-19 Omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5 surge in Korea from the Korean Pediatric Society and Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Cho Eun Young,Kim Dong Hyun,Choi Soo-Han,Yun Ki Wook,Ahn Jong Gyun,Cho Hye-Kyung,Lee Hyunjung,Lee Jina,Lee Taek-Jin,Eun Byung-Wook,Lee Jin-Ok,Jo Dae Sun,Kim Yun-Kyung,Kim Yae-Jean 대한소아청소년과학회 2022 Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) Vol.65 No.11

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Estimation of degree of polymerization of poly-acrylonitrile-grafted carbon nanotubes using Guinier plot of small angle x-ray scattering

Cho, Hyunjung,Jin, Kyeong Sik,Lee, Jaegeun,Lee, Kun-Hong IOP 2018 Nanotechnology Vol.29 No.27

<P>Small angle x-ray scattering (SAXS) was used to estimate the degree of polymerization of polymer-grafted carbon nanotubes (CNTs) synthesized using a ‘grafting from’ method. This analysis characterizes the grafted polymer chains without cleaving them from CNTs, and provides reliable data that can complement conventional methods such as thermogravimetric analysis or transmittance electron microscopy. Acrylonitrile was polymerized from the surface of the CNTs by using redox initiation to produce poly-acrylonitrile-grafted CNTs (PAN-CNTs). Polymerization time and the initiation rate were varied to control the degree of polymerization. Radius of gyration (<I>R</I> <SUB> <I>g</I> </SUB>) of PAN-CNTs was determined using the Guinier plot obtained from SAXS solution analysis. The results showed consistent values according to the polymerization condition, up to a maximum <I>R</I> <SUB> <I>g</I> </SUB>?=?125.70 Å whereas that of pristine CNTs was 99.23 Å. The dispersibility of PAN-CNTs in <I>N</I>,<I>N</I>-dimethylformamide was tested using ultraviolet–visible-near infrared spectroscopy and was confirmed to increase as the degree of polymerization increased. This analysis will be helpful to estimate the degree of polymerization of any polymer-grafted CNTs synthesized using the ‘grafting from’ method and to fabricate polymer/CNT composite materials.</P>

도쿄계획, 1960

조현정(Hyunjung Cho) 서양미술사학회 2014 서양미술사학회논문집 Vol.41 No.-

1961년 3월, 일본의 대표적인 건축가 단게 겐조(丹下健三, 1913-2005)는 건축 잡지 『신건축 新建築』의 지면을 통해 「도쿄계획-1960: 그 구조개혁의 제안(東京計?-1960:その構造改革の提案)」(이하 <도쿄계획>)을 발표했다. 1960년 도쿄에서 열린 세계디자인회의에서 단게를 멘토로 하는 실험적인 젊은 건축가 그룹 메타볼리즘(Metabolism)이 해양도시나 공중도시의 형태로 미래도시에 대한 대담한 제안을 발표한 바로 이듬해의 일이었다. 이 글은 당시 세계적으로 유행한 메가스트럭쳐(megastructure) 건축운동과 고도경제 성장기로 진입하던 전후 일본 사회의 조건, 기대, 열망이 만나는 지점에서 <도쿄계획>의 유토피아적 면모를 분석한다. 흔히 유토피아는 “어디에도 없는, 그러나 누구나 원하는 곳”으로 막연하게 말해지곤 하지만, 시대와 사회에 따라 변화하는 역사적인 개념이다. 유토피아를 특정 사회가 나아갈 방향을 제시해주는 일종의 모델로 정의한다면, 이 글은 <도쿄계획>이 1960년대의 일본 건축, 나아가 전후 일본 사회를 어느 곳으로 이끌고자 했는지에 대한 고찰이다. 단게의 디자인은 건축을 통해 더 나은 삶에 대한 일본 사회의 집단적인 열망을 이끌고자 했다는 점에서 르 코르뷔제의 기술관료 유토피아의 계보를 잇는다. 르 코르뷔제가 정치적 지향이나 국적과는 무관하게 프랑스 뿐 아니라 소비에트, 알제리, 친나치 비시정권 등 자신의 건축적 이상이 실현될 수 있는 곳이라면 어디든 달려가는 국제주의자였다면, 단게에게는 위기에 처한 일본의 부흥과 재생에 몰두하는 국가주의자로서의 면모가 발견된다. 이 글은 도쿄만을 가로지르는 단게의 거대한 인공도시 계획을 현실감이 결여된 건축가의 허황된 과대망상의 산물이라기보다는, 집권 당국이 추진한 성장우선정책과 정보산업화로의 전환을 뒷받침하는 실질적인 도시계획안으로 논의한다. 단게가 꿈꾼 일본의 미래는 계급투쟁을 통한 사회 변혁을 지향하는 사회주의 유토피아도, 체제의 억압으로부터 개인의 자유를 극대화하려는 반문화전통의 무정부적 유토피아도 아닌, 자원과 재화를 효율적으로 동원하고 관리함으로써 국가의 경제성장을 극대화할 있는 일종의 합리주의적 시스템, 즉 모더니즘의 거대한 ‘기계(machine)’이다. In March 1961, Tange Kenz? (1913-2005) presented <A Plan for Tokyo, 1960: Toward a Structural Reorganization>, an illustrated report about a floating megastructure over the sea of Tokyo Bay. Tange’s futuristic design was greatly appreciated within the international architectural circles, wherein the Megastructure movement emerged as a response to rapid technological innovations and drastic social transformation of the 1960s. The essence of <A Plan for Tokyo, 1960>, though overshadowed by its international quality of megalomaniac scale and technological spectacle, lies in its bureaucratic goal to contribute to the nation’s economic growth by means of innovative architecture and planning methods. In this essay, I would like to describe an utopian vision of Tange"s plan as “technocratic” by comparing it with the visionary schemes by Le Corbusier, a pioneer of modern architecture. If Le Corbusier set a model of architect as technocrat who tried to transform existing urban fabric by applying the principles of scientific management to building production, this technocratic model was reworked and redeployed by Tange’s <A Plan for Tokyo, 1960> within Japan’s specific historical condition of the 1960s, when the country entered the era of rapid economic growth. A technocratic narrative of Tange’s design unfolds on two levels: one, its persistent support for the growth-first policy through metropolitan concentration, and the other, its ambitious proposal for a new urban model in an information society. While its presentation of a linear city model helped justify the government’s land-use policy of industrial concentration within Tokyo’s metropolitan area and along the Pacific belt region, its emphasis on mobility and communications network encouraged the reorganization of urban system in preparation for the impending information society. Despite its radical experimentation with new technology and methods in architecture and urbanism, however, <A Plan for Tokyo, 1960> failed to project an alternative social vision and merely maintained the status quo for the benefit of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party, bureaucrats and the big businesses.

희망의 정치: 건축 미술, 그리고 유토피아

조현정(Cho, Hyunjung) 한국예술종합학교 미술원 조형연구소 2012 Visual Vol.9 No.-

Recently, a growing number of artists are abandoning their 'truthtelling' tactics for a various utopian practices. Why utopia now? What role has utopian thinking played in socially-engaged art and architecture? Utopia offers us a glimpse of an alternative. It provides a goal to reach and a direction toward which to move. In this essay, I briefly explore the rich history of utopias in art and architecture, ranging from Enlightenment visionary architecture to rationalist utopia of the 20th century and contemporary relational aesthetics. The goal of this essay is to urge readers to explore radical potential of utopian thinking as an effective strategy for progressive politics.

이소자키 아라타

조현정(Hyunjung Cho) 한국근현대미술사학회 2017 한국근현대미술사학 Vol.34 No.-

Isozaki Arata is one of the most distinguished practicing architects in the world today, not only for his experimental designs but also for his rigorous architectural theses. He is most well known as a pioneering figure of the postmodern trend with his designs of the 1970s and 1980s. However, this study is not a comprehensive survey of Isozaki’s entire career from the 1960s to the present, but a specific look at his formative years when the architect began to articulate his own design methodology. Particular emphasis is given to the architect’s active interactions with the 1960s art circles with an intention to discuss the convergence of creative individuals and cross-disciplinary connections that occurred in postwar Japan. The study examines the dual identity of Isozaki as both artist and architect. If Isozaki’s identity as an architect was formed by his training in Tange Kenzō’s office and his collaboration with the Metabolists, his alter-identity as an artist was indebted to his encounter with the 1960s radical artists. First, it delineates Isozaki’s encounter with the avant-garde art movement of the 1960s, collectively called “Anti-Art,” against the backdrop of the “anti-spirit” of Japanese society. Then it discusses how Isozaki’s interaction with contemporary artists helped him to formulate the idea of “invisible city,” a radically new design concept which was closely linked to the radical expansion of the nature of architecture from isolated built forms to allencompassing natural and manmade environments. The notion of “invisible city” took concrete shape with a dialogue with environment art and it was eventually channeled into a cybernetic model of architecture and urbanism.

에쿠안 겐지의 일본 도시락의 미학

조현정(Hyunjung Cho) 한국미술사교육학회 2013 美術史學 Vol.- No.27

1980년, GK 디자인 그룹의 회장이자 메타볼리즘 운동의 전 멤버였던 에쿠안겐지(?久庵憲司, 1929- )는 『일본 도시락의 미학: 일본적 발상의 원점』(이하 일본도시락의 미학)을 출판했다. 서론에 이어 두 부분으로 구성된 이 책은 먼저 제 1장에서 일본 전통의 마쿠노우치 도시락(사등분한 사각형의 용기에 음식을 담아내는 일본 전통의 도시락)의 형태와 기능에 반영된 일본 조형론의 특징들을 규명하고, 이어 제 2장에서 도시락에 대한 논의를 확장시켜 전 세계가 주목하는 일본식 산업론, 조직론, 제품 디자인의 성공 요인에 대한 분석으로 나아간다. 에쿠안은 전통 도시락을 매개로 1980년대 일본의 디자인과 경제 성공의 요인을 설명해줄 일본적 발상의 특성들을 논의한다. 『일본 도시락의 미학』은 전 세계 디자인계의 거물인 에쿠안 겐지의 디자인 철학의 집대성일 뿐 아니라, 니혼진론과 포스트모더니즘이 교차하는 1980년대 일본 디자인계 중요한 쟁점들을 첨예하게 보여준다. 본 논문은 에쿠안의 저작을 경제 대국으로 성장한 일본의 문화적 자부심의 산물인 일본론, 일본문화론을 통칭하는 니혼진론(日本人論)의 구조 속에서 분석한다. 그러나 전통 도시락을 매개로 일본 문화의 정체성을 탐구한 이 책은 일본 전통의 특수성과 우월성을 본질론적으로 규명하려는 시도라기보다는, 일본성이라고 불릴만한 속성들을 선택적으로 재구성함으로써 서구 모더니즘이 한계를 극복할 새로운 디자인론을 제시하려는 시도이다. 필자는 에쿠안이 활동한 메타볼리즘 운동의 연장선상에서 그가 일본 도시락의 특성으로 제시한 콤팩트성, 휴대성, 다양성, 유연성, 자연친화성 등의 개념을 후기 산업화 시대 정보화 사회를 위한 새로운 디자인의 가치들로 논의한다. In 1980, Ekuan Kenji, Japan’s foremost industrial designer, published a richly illustrated book on the traditional Japanese lunchbox entitled The Aesthetics of Japanese Lunchbox. This book is an exploration of the traditional Japanese lunchbox as a metaphor for things Japanese. This book consists of two parts. Part One enumerates several modes involved in Japanese etiquette for creating forms as embodied in the traditional lunchbox. Part Two discusses the ways in which these techniques for the creation of lunchboxes are embodied in Japanese contemporary products, such as mini calculators, compact cars, and portable audio cassette players. Ekuan’s discussion can be conceived within a context of nihonjinron, a discourse of Japanese national and cultural identity, which was stimulated by Japan’s economic success in the 1980s. However, Ekuan was not interested in constructing ahistorical particularity or the unchanging uniqueness of things Japanese grounded in a homogenized past. Rather, the designer attempted to propose a new vision for design by selectively drawing on Japanese cultural heritage. As a member of Metabolism, a movement born from the futuristic visions of architects and designers in the late 1950s and 1960s, Ekuan developed an idea of experimental design that would be suited to the coming society. In this paper, I argue that the lunchbox spirit represents a list of values needed for an information-age design, such as compactness, portability, and flexibility. This paper investigates how Ekuan developed the lunchbox sprit to overcome the limitation of West-dominate modern design and formulated an alternative design theory for a postindustrial society.

BIM 설계지원 기술콘텐츠 구축에 관한 연구

조현정(Hyunjung Cho),장진석(Jinseok Jang),김연수(Yeonsoo Kim) (사)한국CDE학회 2015 한국CDE학회 논문집 Vol.20 No.2

The BIM libraries and technical contents in order to develop common technical standards that reflect the contents for a BIM design support should be based. It is essential to redress the technological burden on design office requirements. The technical contents consisted of Material Information, Standard Details and Cost Information are made by system of standard classification. By connecting BIM libraries with each of information including the contents, it derives the consistent BIM data application through the integrated model. In addition, we look forward to introducing and applying BIM more easily through securing common technical contents which remove the pressure of engineering developments of each individual architectural design office and prevent overlapping investments.

인류세적 관점에서 본 일본 메타볼리즘 건축 운동과 그 유산

조현정 ( Cho Hyunjung ),박범순 ( Park Buhm Soon ) 한국과학사학회 2021 한국과학사학회지 Vol.43 No.3

Laboratories - whether they exist in the form of castles, university buildings, industrial factories, or cross-national structures, have attracted much attention from historians as the site of knowledge production and its material culture. What, then, can we read from architecture beyond the laboratory spaces? This paper examines how the biological concept of metabolism was adopted by a group of young Japanese architects in the 1960s, who proposed the design of a flexible and changeable building in response to the fear and anxiety as well as technological optimism and utopian rhetoric in post-World War II Japan. This paper shows that this Metabolist movement provides an insight into how to survive apocalypse and regenerate the city whilst embracing mass destruction and existential anxiety. Recently, after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake that led to the Fukushima disaster, the ideas of metabolism have surfaced with renewed urgency in the language of resilience. This paper argues that, from survival architecture promoted by the Metabolists and their followers in decades later, we can see the cultural adoption of scientific concepts in coping with existential disasters - man-made or natural - especially in the era that is now called the Anthropocene.

Physical and Molecular Characteristics of Cowpea and Acorn Starches in Comparison with Corn and Potato Starches

Hyunjung Chung,Soojin Cho,Joohee Chung,Taesup Shin,Hyesook Son,Seung-Taik Lim 한국식품과학회 1998 Food Science and Biotechnology Vol.7 No.4

Treatment outcome of localized prostate cancer by 70 Gy hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy with a customized rectal balloon

Hyunjung Kim,Jun Won Kim,Sung Joon Hong,Koon Ho Rha,Chang-Geol Lee,Seung Choul Yang,Young Deuk Choi,Chang-Ok Suh,Jaeho Cho 대한방사선종양학회 2014 Radiation Oncology Journal Vol.32 No.3

Purpose: We aimed to analyze the treatment outcome and long-term toxicity of 70 Gy hypofractionated intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) for localized prostate cancer using a customized rectal balloon. Materials and Methods: We reviewed medical records of 86 prostate cancer patients who received curative radiotherapy between January 2004 and December 2011 at our institution. Patients were designated as low (12.8%), intermediate (20.9%), or high risk (66.3%). Thirty patients received a total dose of 70 Gy in 28 fractions over 5 weeks via IMRT (the Hypo-IMRT group); 56 received 70.2 Gy in 39 fractions over 7 weeks via 3-dimensional conformal radiotherapy (the CF-3DRT group, which served as a reference for comparison). A customized rectal balloon was placed in Hypo-IMRT group throughout the entire radiotherapy course. Androgen deprivation therapy was administered to 47 patients (Hypo-IMRT group, 17; CF-3DRT group, 30). Late genitourinary (GU) and gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity were evaluated according to the Radiation Therapy Oncology Group criteria. Results: The median follow-up period was 74.4 months (range, 18.8 to 125.9 months). The 5-year actuarial biochemical relapse-free survival rates for low-, intermediate-, and high-risk patients were 100%, 100%, and 88.5%, respectively, for the Hypo-IMRT group and 80%, 77.8%, and 63.6%, respectively, for the CF-3DRT group (p < 0.046). No patient presented with acute or late GU toxicity ≥grade 3. Late grade 3 GI toxicity occurred in 2 patients (3.6%) in the CF-3DRT group and 1 patient (3.3%) in the Hypo-IMRT group. Conclusion: Hypo-IMRT with a customized rectal balloon resulted in excellent biochemical control rates with minimal toxicity in localized prostate cancer patients.