젊은 여성과 중년 여성의 차와 음료 소비 비교에 관한 연구

조현주(Hyun-Ju Jo),정소형(So-Hyoung Jung),정윤정(Yun-Jung Jung) 한국차학회 2023 한국차학회지 Vol.29 No.4

본 연구는 젊은 여성(20대와 30대)과 중년 여성(40대와 50대)의 세대 차이가 차와 음료 소비에 미치는 차이를 알아보고자 만 20세 이상 59세 미만의 대구⋅경북지역 성인 여성 147명을 대상으로 차가 포함된 음료류와발효도가 따른 4가지 차(녹차, 홍차, 우롱차, 보이차)에 대한 평소 섭취 실태를 조사하였고, 차를 섭취하는 이유와 마시지 않는 이유 및 녹차와 홍차에 대한 효능 인식도의 차이를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 젊은 여성군의 평균연령은 24.97세, 중년 여성군은 49.49세였다(p<0.001). 젊은 여성군은 커피를 평소 가장 즐겨 마시고, 두 번째로는 탄산음료를 가장 많이 마신 반면, 중년 여성군에서는 커피를 평소 가장 즐겨 마셨으나 두 번째로는 우유 및유제품을 즐겨 마셔 유의미한 세대 간 차이가 나타났다(p<0.001, p<0.01). 최근 1년간 섭취한 음료 섭취빈도에서탄산음료(p<0.001)는 젊은 여성군에서 섭취하는 비율이 현저히 높았고, 커피(p<0.001), 우유 및 유제품(p<0.05) 과 전통차(p<0.001) 섭취는 중년 여성군에서 섭취 빈도가 유의적으로 높았다. 젊은 여성군은 녹차 다음으로 홍차를, 중년 여성군은 녹차 다음으로 보이차를 선호하는 비율이 높은 경향이었고, 중년 여성군의 녹차 섭취 비율이 젊은 여성군 보다 높았다(p<0.05). 홍차, 우롱차, 보이차의 섭취빈도는 세대간 유의적인 차이가 없었다. 젊은여성 군은 차를 마시는 이유와 마시지 않는 이유에서 모두 ‘맛’과 ‘향’이 중요하였고, 중년 여성군에서는 ‘건강관리’, ‘다이어트’, ‘카페인’ 같은 건강과 관련된 이유들에 대한 비율이 높게 나타났다(p<0.001). 녹차의 효능 인식도는 ‘건강증진’, ‘성인병 예방’, ‘체중조절’, ‘피부미용’에 대한 효능 항목에서 젊은 여성군이 중년 여성군 보다 유의미하게 높았다. 결론적으로 두 군 모두 평소 커피 보다 차의 선택비율이 현저히 낮았고, 젊은 여성군에서는 중년 여성 군 보다 녹차의 효능 인식도가 높았음에도 불구하고 녹차의 섭취 빈도는 더욱 낮아 연령에 의한 차이가 나타났으며, 차를 마시는 이유와 기피 이유에서도 기호성을 중요시하는 젊은 여성과 건강을 중요시하는중년 여성 간의 차이가 나타났다. This study compared the differences in tea and beverage intakes of young and middle-aged women. This study investigated the preference and frequency of consumption of beverages and four teas (green tea, black tea, oolong tea, and Pu'er tea), the reasons for consumption and avoidance, and the recognition of the efficacy of green tea and black tea. The young women enjoyed coffee the most, followed by carbonated beverages. The middle-aged women enjoyed coffee the most, but milk and dairy ranked second, resulting in significant differences (p<0.001, p<0.01). In the frequency of beverage intake over the past year, the percentage of carbonated beverages (p<0.001) was significantly higher in young women, while coffee (p<0.001), milk and dairy products (p<0.05), and traditional tea (p<0.001) were significantly higher in the middle-aged women. The young women preferred black tea over green tea, and the middle-aged women preferred Pu’er tea over green tea. The middle-aged women's green tea intake rate was higher than that of the young women (p<0.05). In the young women, ‘taste’ and ‘scent’ were important in both the reasons for tea consumption and avoidance, and the proportion of health-related reasons, such as ‘health care,’ ‘diet,’ and ‘caffeine,’ was high in the middle-aged women (p<0.001). Recognition of the efficacy of green tea was significantly higher in young women than in middle-aged women in the areas of ‘health promotion,’ ‘adult disease prevention,’ ‘weight control,’ and ‘skin beauty.’ In conclusion, the tea intake rate was significantly lower than coffee in both groups. Although the young women group had a higher awareness of the efficacy of green tea than the middle-aged women group, the frequency of green tea consumption was lower, showing a difference due to age. In addition, differences appeared in the reasons for drinking tea and avoiding it between young women who value preference and middle-aged women who value health.

오스만제국 말기 청년지식층과 여성

우덕찬 ( Duck Chan Woo ) 부산외국어대학교 지중해연구소 2004 지중해지역연구 Vol.6 No.2

The purpose of this study is to examine the political thoughts and the ideologies of Young Intellectuals(Young Ottomans and Young Turks) and their views of women in the last period of Ottoman Empire. Young Ottomans, among whom were Sinasi, Ziya Pasha, Sadullah and Namık Kemal, emerged as a reaction to the authoritarianism, extreme Westernism and superficiality of Tanzimat policies. Their ideology involved a complex blend of Ottoman nationalism, Islamism and constitutionalism. Young Ottomans were the earliest advocates of women`s emancipation, preparing the ground for later reforms, Sinasi`s satirical play Sair Evlenmesi (The Poet`s Wedding) written in 1859 is considered one of the earliest criticisms of the arranged marriage system. Among them, Namık Kemal was the most important intellectual. He was vocal in his criticisms of the more oppressive and unjust aspects of marriage and family life, as well as women`s overall position in society. He used the newpaper he edited, Ibret, to call for reforms in women`s education. His novel, Zavallı Cocuk (Poor Child) also offer critical commentaries on women`s condition. Young Turks influenced by the political and the ideological thoughts of Young Ottoman were the second generation of Young Intellectuals in the last period of Ottoman Empire. Especially, the overthrow of the autocratic regime in 1908 by Young Turks, members of CPU(the Committee of Union and Progress), was followed by a period of intense social upheaval and ideological ferment. Women`s rights issues were no exception. During the Second Constitutional Period, debates on women and the family became more tightly and self-consciously integrated into ideological positions representing different recipes for salvaging the empire. These can be identified as Islamist, Westernist and Turkist positions. But it goes without saying that the activities of Young Intellectuals in the last period of Ottoman Empire served as an important springboard for the reforms under the Ataturk regime.

일본 신문화식 여성복 원형 최적화 응용 연구

양설송,이성원 한국디자인리서치학회 2021 한국디자인리서치 Vol.6 No.2

Chinese women's fashion prototyping technology started late and began to be introduced to Europe, America and Japan in the 1980s. Compared to the European and American women's body shape, the Japanese women's body shape is closer to that of China. Therefore, the Japanese women's fashion prototype technology is widely used and researched in China. One of the most widely used prototypes in Chinese fashion schools is the Japanese New Culture style prototype for young women. However, due to the backwardness of Chinese women's body measurement technology, there are still some problems with the applicability of the Japanese New Culture style prototype in Chinese clothing companies. In order to solve this problem, this paper explores how to optimise the application of the Japanese New Culture style prototype for women's clothing by using young women's body data from the north-eastern region of China (Heilongjiang, Jilin and Liaoning provinces) as an example. Through the statistical analysis of the measurement of 11 important parts of the human body items of 500 women aged 18-22 in Northeast China, the data of each item is compared, and the relationship between each detail and control part of the young women is statistically and quantitatively analysed, and these 11 values are compared with those of young Japanese women to analyse the differences between the body shapes of young women in Northeast China and those of young Japanese women, and then the Japanese The new cultural prototype is then modified accordingly to produce a prototype that fits the body shape of young women in Northeast China. With the corresponding modifications, the prototype can be directly applied to Chinese clothing companies. 중국 여성복 원형 기술은 늦게 시작하였고, 1980년대부터 미국, 유럽, 일본의 여성복 원형을 도입하기 시작하였다. 서구 여성보다 일본 여성 체형이 중국 여성과 더 유사하기 때문에 일본 여성복 원형은 중국에서 광범위적으로 응용·연구하고 있다. 이 중 일본 신문화식 원형은 중국 복장 학교에서 가장 널리 사용하고 있는 젊은 여성 복장 원형이다. 하지만 중국에서 여성 신체 계측 기술이 비교적으로 낙후하여 의복 기업들이 일본 신문화식 원형을 실제 응용할 때 일부 문제가 나타난다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서 본 논문은 중국 동북 지역(여기는 헤이룽장(黑龍江·지린(吉林)·라오닝(遼寧) 3성(三省)을 말한다.) 젊은 여성의 인체 데이터를 중심으로 일본 신문화식 여성복 원형을 어떻게 중국의 상황을 맞게 최적화시키는지에 대해 연구하였다. 본 연구에서 중국 동북 지역 18–22세 젊은 여성 500명을 대상으로 그들의 11개 주요 부위를 통계·분석하였다. 이어서 일본 여성 관련 데이터 간의 비교를 통해 중국 동북 지역과 일본 젊은 여성들 간의 체형 차이점을 분석하였다. 이를 기반으로 일본 신문화식 원형을 업그레이드시켜 중국 동북 지역 젊은 여성의 체형과 어울린 개량형 문화식 원형을 도출하였다. 개량 후의 원형은 중국 복장 업계에서 실제로 응용 가능할 뿐 아니라 중국 여타 지역에서 자기의 원형 체계를 마련하는데도 시범적인 역할을 하였다.

金泽荣的烈女传及其女性意识研究

문려화 한국중국언어문화연구회 2014 한중언어문화연구 Vol.- No.34

As a writer who played a significant role both in Korean and Chinese literature and the cultural communication between this two countries, though Kim Taek-Young didn’t hold a large range of works about women, the feminine consciousness embodied in his works and talks about faithful women has still drawn great attention in academia. This essay is aimed to examine the feminine consciousness by analysing Kim Taek-Young’s 7 works of Yulnyochun and his talks about faithful women, which are all included in his 『Song Yang Ki Gu Jeon』. Kim Taek-Young’s Yulnyochun can be classified into two categories. The first kind usually shows a typical plot which describes a faithful woman who died for love after her husband’s death,reflecting Kim Taek-Young’s conservative feminine consciousness based on the traditional thought of Confucianism. The second kind, by contrast, shows some positive attitude towards women on the basis of the thoughts of Confucianism. It gives women credit for their moral sense, which is usually showed in case of emergency. Particularly, in the revenge type of Yulnyochun which usually describes a woman revenged for her dead husband, the writer appreciated the power of action and wisdom of women. Such kind ofcontradictory and complicated feminine consciousness can also be found in his talks of faithful women. Also, it is impressive to find Kim Taek-Young’s concern and consideration about women’s plight and their inner feelings, as well as his understanding and respect for women in his talks about faithful women. As the above, in this essay, we will expound the existence of the conflict deep in Kim Taek-Young’s thoughts, which shows both a traditional and conservative attitude and a positive assessment about feminine consciousness.

소설『82 년생 김지영』을 거울로 비춰 본 중국 ‘바링허우’ 여성의 삶과 문화적 재현

韓潭 중국어문학연구회 2020 중국어문학논집 Vol.0 No.122

This paper began by noting that the novel “Kim Ji-young Born in 1982” which has been explosive in Korea and China, is a sympathetic narrative for East Asian women who are placed in the reality of the Confucian patriarchal system and neo-liberalistic system. Using this novel as a mirror as the new ‘Women"s Writing’ method, we are going to look at the life of ‘Post-80s’ women of China"s Kim Ji-young generation and the issue of reenactment in the mass media. Before entering Chinese discussion, Chapter 2 analyzes the epic strategy of this novel as a feminist novel. Identifying which narrative strategy led to the most popular and political text of ‘Kim Ji-young Born in 1982’ is a prerequisite to understanding this novel as a new ‘Women"s Writing’. In addition, this work can compensate for the fact that most Chinese media articles and writings related to “Kim Ji-young” do not lead to in-depth criticism as they are only a single introduction of the work or empathy. Based on sociological research, Chapter 3 examines Kim Ji-young"s shadow cast over the life of a ‘Post-80s’ women. And listen to the actual voice of the ‘Post-80s’ women reader of “Kim Ji-young”. In Chapter 4, we looked at the ‘Post-80s’ married women"s problems and reproduction methods through the 2019 Chinese drama “Hope All Is Well With Us” which allows us to imagine the future of Kim Ji-young. This work is meaningful in looking into the lives of Korean and Chinese women who shared the shadow of ‘Kim Ji-young’ and by using the novel as a reference to the new ‘Women"s Writing’ method, thinking about the ‘Women"s Writing’ that we should pursue and urging women"s consciousness.

‘여자청년’의 등장: 1920년대 ‘대구여자청년회’ 활동을 중심으로

윤정원 대구경북연구원 2021 대구경북연구 Vol.20 No.3

The face of the 'New Woman' who appeared in the 1920s was not single. In the 1920s, new women showed differences in women's liberation theory, athletic theory, and organizational theory and differentiation of activities through them. In particular, the socialist women's movement began to take a distinctly different path from the bourgeois character of early new women by combining women's agendas with socialist theories based on class theory. They introduced ‘Young Women’ as the movement leading force and differentiated the movement by cracking the existing women’s movement theory. In 1923, ‘Daegu Young Women's Association’ was formed amid the trend of the socialist women's movement. The nature of the group can be seen as a socialist women's movement. The significance of ‘Daegu Young Women's Association’ is that it acted as the banner of the women's movement and took a leading role in the formation of the Daegu branch of the ‘Geunwoo Association’ to continue the continuity of the women's movement. 1920년대 등장한 ‘신여성’의 얼굴은 단일하지 않았다. 1920년대 활동 공간 속에서 신여성은 여성해방 이론, 운동론, 조직론 등의 차이와 이를 통한 활동의 분화를 보였다. 특히 사회주의 여성운동은 계급론에 입각한 사회주의 이론에 여성의제를 결합하면서 초기 신여성의 부르조아적 성격과는 확연히 다른 노선을 걷기 시작하였다. 이들은 운동 주도세력으로 ‘여자청년’을 등장시키고, 기존의 여성운동론에 균열을 내면서 운동을 분화시켜 나갔다. 사회주의 여성운동의 흐름 속에 1923년 대구여자청년회가 결성되었다. 각 회원들의 구체적인 이념적 성향 확인은 어렵지만 대표적인 사회주의 여성운동가였던 정칠성과 이춘수가 단체 결성과 활동을 주도했고 사회주의 성향의 사회운동단체와의 교류 등, 단체 성격은 사회주의 여성운동계열로 볼 수 있다. 대구여자청년회가 대구여성운동사에서 가지는 의의는 종교계 여성단체 외 특별한 여성운동단체가 없었던 1920년대 대구지역에 여성운동의 기치를 내건 최초의 단체를 결성하여 활동하였다는 것이다. 무엇보다 대구여자청년회는 근우회 대구지회 결성에 주도적으로 참여하여 여성운동의 연속성을 이어가게 만들었다는 의의를 가지고 있다.

195․60년대 여성-문학의 배치 - 『사상계』 여성문학 비평과 여성작가 소설을 중심으로-

김양선 한국여성문학학회 2013 여성문학연구 Vol.29 No.-

This paper intends to analyze the placement of woman-literature in 195․60’s which is focused on 『Sasanggye』. The reason why 『Sasanggye』 becomes the object of my study can be classified with two categories. First, 『Sasanggye』 dealt with ‘literature’ as the mediation of participation in the reality and the context of the production of intellectual and culture in 195․60’s, and then it is assumed that this characteristics effected on the women’s works. Second, it is likely that 『Sasanggye』 led to the shift of generation in women writers and their own literary field, while producing the new generation’s literature. For confirming this assumption, this paper reviewed the criticism about women’s literary works as well as the bibliography and analysis about women’s literary works. In chapter2 ‘the project of literature in 『Sasanggye』’, focusing on the preface, the publication of literary supplement, literary symposium, 『Sasanggye』 tried to make the independent literary field which is different from the another, anti-ideological literary field at that time. In chapter3 ‘how 『Sasanggye』 arranged or placed the women’s literature’, this magazine used the critical words like sensitivity, delicacy, introspectiveness, when dealt with the women’s works in monthly review or brief comment. That is, these criticisms differentiated women’s works from men’s works. And these critical discourses paid attention to the emergence of new generation in 1950․60s. In chapter4, ‘the figure of young woman and young generation’s differentiation from old world’, the three characteristics in women writer’s novels was suggested. These novels’ main characters were usually young women. The young women looked at Korean society after Korean war or 4.19 critically and pessimistically. And the new paradigms like the modernity project, longing for liberty, post-colonialism was presented in women’s point of view. First, their novels criticized the young man’s narrative which was focused on the anxiety, melancholy, and tame-ness, and made them awakened. Second, the young women criticized the patriarchal system and oppression by old generation, and showed their own wills to the liberty and independent life. Third, the married/unmarried women who lived on the unstable intellectual background tried to deny the romantic love and ordinary marriage system, so that caused the crack about the patriarchy. In conclusion, 『Sasanggye』 contributed to the formation of literary field in 1950․60’s, but it was the ‘anti’-gendered media because of poverty of female literary discourse. However, it is true that this magazine helped ‘women’ writers entered the literary field while seeking the new generation. 『Sasanggye』 included new women writers inevitably, and the women writers were also allowed as the writer-subject, so that could lead the change in women’s literary field. 이 논문은 195․60년대 여성-문학의 배치 양상을 『사상계』를 중심으로 살펴보고자 한다. 『사상계』를 연구대상으로 삼은 이유는 크게 두 가지이다. 첫째, 『사상계』가 195․60년대 지식 및 교양생산의 맥락에서, 그리고 현실참여의 매체로서 ‘문학’을 중시했고, 그것이 『사상계』수록 여성작가들의 작품에도 모종의 영향을 미쳤으리라는 가정 때문이다. 둘째, 『사상계』가 새로운 세대의 문학을 창출하는 과정에서 비록 소수라 하더라도 여성작가와 문학 장의 세대교체를 견인해냈을 것이라는 추측 때문이다. 이를 위해 『사상계』에 수록된 여성작가들의 작품에 대한 서지사항 소개 및 분석뿐만 아니라 여성작가 작품에 대한 비평을 포괄적으로 검토하고자 한다. 2장 ‘사상계의 문학 기획’에서는 예비 작업으로서 권두언과 문예특집증간호, 문학심포지엄 등의 기획을 중심으로 『사상계』가 당시 순수문학 장과는 다른 사상과 이념 중심의 문학 장 형성에 주력했음을 실증적으로 밝히고자 했다. 3장 ‘사상계는 여성문학을 어떻게 배치했나’에서는 여성작가 작품에 대한 월평, 단평류 글에서 여성을 감수성, 섬세함, 내성적과 같은 어휘들로 유표화 하였음을 밝혔다. 여성작가들의 작품을 남성과는 ‘다른’ 특성을 지닌 것으로 여긴 것이다. 또한 195․60년대 신진 여성작가군의 등장에 주목했음을 알 수 있다. 4장 ‘여성-청춘의 표상과 세대론적 구별짓기’에서는 『사상계』 수록 여성작가 소설의 특성을 크게 세 가지로 나누어 살펴보았다. 이 소설들은 공통적으로 여성-청춘을 주체로 설정하였다. 이들은 전후나 4.19 이후 한국 사회에 대한 비관적/비판적 시선을 유지하였으며, 근대 기획, 자유주의에 대한 갈망, 탈식민 기획과 같은 새로운 인식적 패러다임을 여성의 시각으로 다시 짠다. 첫째, 『사상계』에 수록된 여성작가들의 작품은 전후 불안과 우울, 무기력에 빠진 남성-청춘의 서사에 비판적 입장을 취하면서, 남성들의 각성을 견인한다. 둘째, 여성-청춘의 주체적 시각으로 가부장적 질서 및 구세대의 억압적 질서를 비판하고 자유에의 갈망, 주체적 삶의 의지를 적극적으로 드러낸다. 셋째, 전후의 불안한 지적 토양에서 성장한 기혼여성들이나 미혼여성들은 낭만적 사랑과 그 결실인 결혼 제도에 대한 불신과 환멸, 거부 등을 통해 가부장적 질서에 균열을 내려고 한다. 결론적으로 『사상계』는 195․60년대 현대문학의 특징을 확정짓는 데 결정적인 기여를 하였지만 ‘여성’ 관련 문학 담론은 빈약한 ‘비’젠더적 매체였다. 하지만 이 잡지가 문단의 ‘새로운’ 세대를 발굴하는 과정에서 ‘여성’이 문학 장에 진입하는 데 기여를 한 것도 사실이다. 『사상계』는 자발적이건, 비자발적이건 새로운 문학의 영토를 개척한 여성작가들을 포용할 수밖에 없었고, 여성작가들 역시 이 잡지를 통해 글쓰기 주체로서의 욕망을 인정받았고, 여성문학 장의 변화를 이끌어냈다.

청년여성의 초기 노동시장 이행실태와 결정요인

강순희 한국여성정책연구원 2014 여성연구 Vol. No.

This study analysed young women's early labor market transition and derived the policy implications using the Youth Panel survey data. The main findings are as follows: First, I found that the labor market transition of women was delayed from in the initial career formation through the two-year change analysis from 2007 to 2011. During the same period, the direct transition rate from high school to college or university was same between two sexes, but if women put off the going to college, they tended to stay longer as the economically inactive state than men. If young women transit immediately after high school graduation to the labor market, its employment rate was higher than that of men. It, however, does not mean that the women’s employment performance is better than men’s because young men tend to stay as the economically inactive state to prepare for the military service or the university entrance. Also, women’s quality of employment may not good. The determinants of labor market transition of young woman was not different among the educational level. In both of high school or college graduate women, the probability of employment was higher in the unmarried, the manufacturing and service industries, and the larger firms than others. The older, the unmarried, women in the manufacturing, service industries, and larger firms were more likely to be wage workers than others. Household backgrounds, however, such as father’s employment status, household income, the number of family members did not affect the employment as the wage earners. Finally, in the determinants of the self-employed of the young women, unlike other determining factors, certain differences appeared among high school and college graduates. Age effect was not in high school graduate women, but the older were more likely to be the self-employed in college graduate women. In the effects on being the self-employed, father’s or husband’s employment status, the number of family members were different between high school and college graduates. However, the result that the single, the higher household income were more likely to be the self-employed. was same in the both educational level, The conclusion that the difference between the educational level does not appear in the most determinants analysis means that other individual or household’s factors affect much more than educational factor. As the policy implication, I suggested the gender sensitive, especially young women customized career guidance and education, internship program, job training and education, and early prevention of career discontinuation program should be intensified. 본 연구에서는 청년패널 자료를 활용하여 여성들의 초기 노동시장 진입 및 이행을 동학적으로 살펴보고, 노동시장 이행 시 각 경제활동상태의 결정요인을 학력별 차이에 주목하여 분석하였다. 주요 발견 내용은 다음과 같다. 먼저 2007년부터 2011년 동안 두 해 사이마다의 이행을 분석한 결과, 경력형성 초기부터 여성들이 노동시장으로의 이행이 지체되고 있음을 알 수 있다. 같은 기간 청년들의 상태변화의 과정을 동태적으로 살펴본 바에서도 고교 졸업 후 바로 상급학교 진학으로 이행함에서는 남녀 간 차이가 없으나, 여성의 경우 일단 대학진학을 미룰 경우 노동시장이나 비경제활동 상태로 계속 머무르는 비율이 높게 나타나고 있다. 다만, 고교 졸업 후 바로 취업하는 비율은 남자보다 높고 실업이나 비경제활동 등 미취업 상태로 이행하는 경우는 남자보다 낮게 나타나고 있는데, 이 역시 남자의 경우 고교 졸업 후 군 입대나 대학진학 준비 등으로 비경제활동으로 머무는 경우가 많으며, 또한 여자의 경우 취업한 일자리가 임금수준이나 고용안정성 등에서 양호한 일자리가 아닐 수도 있기 때문에 고졸 여성의 고용성과가 남성보다 좋다고 결론내릴 수는 없다. 청년여성의 경우 나이가 많을수록, 가구총소득이 높을수록, 미혼일수록, 남편이 임금근로자이거나 자영업자일수록 경제활동참가 확률이 높아지며, 아버지의 종사상 지위가 임금근로자, 고용주, 또는 자영업자이거나 가구원수가 많을수록 경제활동참가 확률이 낮아지고 있으며 이는 고졸자나 대졸자 모두에게 동일하다. 아버지의 취업이 청년여성의 경제활동참가에 부정적인 영향을 미친다는 것은 추후 엄밀한 분석이 필요하지만, 가구원 수는 일정하게 자녀수 등을 반영하는 것이어서 경제활동참가에 부정적인 영향을 미치는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 본 연구결과는. 먼저 여성의 경우 경력형성 초기부터 노동시장 이행의 지체가 발견되고 있어 선제적 대책이 필요함을 시사하고 있다. 고교는 물론 대학 내에서의 성인지적인 진로와 취업지도·교육이 체계적으로 이루어질 필요가 있다. 진로 멘토링제도의 도입, 일 경험 프로그램 또는 인턴제 등에서 여성의 특성 고려, 여성일반이나 중장년 여성 등에 맞추어져 있는 현행의 고용센터, 새일센터 등에서 청년여성 맞춤형 서비스 확충 등이 필요하다. 또한, 청년여성의 경우 노동시장에 참여하고자 하는 경향이 학력보다는 다른 개인적, 가족적 배경에 따라 영향을 받고 있기에 초기에 경제활동에 참가하도록 하기 위해서는 학력 이외의 개인적·가족적, 사회적 장애를 해소하는 것이 중요하다. 누누이 지적되어 왔던 결혼, 출산과 육아(본 연구에서는 가구원수가 일정한 대리변수) 등으로 인한 경제활동참가의 제약을 해소하는 방안은 지속적으로 강구되어야 할 것이다. 특히 선진국을 볼 때 남편의 육아분담이 여성의 경제활동참여를 제고하는 중요한 대안이기에 이에 대한 제도적 확대와 내실화가 필요하다. 이 이외로 청년여성들의 취업준비를 지원하고, 초기의 경력단절기간을 최소화하는 방안을 강구하고, 청년여성 맞춤형 교육훈련, 자격증 취득에 대한 지원, 집중상담 프로그램 등을 기존 관련 제도를 청년여성 인지적 관점에서 검토하여 보완할 필요가 있다.

Risk of Breast Cancer among Young Women and Importance of Early Screening

Memon, Zahid Ali,Kanwal, Noureen,Sami, Munam,Larik, Parsa Azam,Farooq, Mohammad Zain Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2015 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.16 No.17

Background: Breast cancer is the most common type of cancer in women throughout the world. However, in comparison with Western women, it presents relatively early in women of Asian ethnicity. Early menarche, late menopause, use of OCP's, family history of benign or malignant breast disease, exposure to radiation and BMI in the under-weight range are well known risk factors for the development of breast cancer in premenopausal women. Early detection with the use of breast self-examination (BSE) and breast cancer screening programs can lead to a reduction in the mortality rates due to breast cancer. The aim of our study was to assess the risk factors for breast cancer among young women and to emphasize the importance of early screening among them. Materials and Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study among women aged 18 to 25 using a self-administered questionnaire. Data was collected over a period of 6 months from June to December, 2014. A total of 300 young women selected randomly from Dow Medical College and various departments of Karachi University successfully completed the survey. Results: Respondents were 18-25 years of age (mean age=21.5). Out of the 300 young females, 90 (30%) had at least one risk factor, 90 (30%) had two, 40 (13%) had three, 8 (2.7%) had four, 2 (0.7%) had five while one female was found to have six positive risk factors for breast cancer. Some 66 women (22%) experienced symptoms of breast cancer such as non-cyclical pain and lumps. While 222 women (74%) had never performed breast self-examination, 22 (7.3%) had had a breast examination done by a health professional while 32 (10.7%) had participated in breast screening programs. A total of 223 (74.3%) women considered breast cancer screening important for young women. Conclusions: The percentage of young women with risk factors for breast cancer was found to be alarmingly high. Therefore, screening for breast cancer should start at an early age especially in high risk groups. Awareness about breast self-examination should be emphasized. Moreover, screening programs should be started to ensure early detection and reduction of mortality rates caused by breast cancer also in young Pakistani females.

젠더 ‘갈등’ 시대와 문학—최은영 소설에 나타난 여성들 간의 우정과 사랑의 함의

이채원 현대문학이론학회 2022 現代文學理論硏究 Vol.- No.89

The difference in perceptions of young women and young men in Korean society is that they can not harmonize with each other. The conservative and reactionary aspects of young men have become more aggressive and their backlash has been raised, and now the politics of hatred and exclusion have begun in Korean society. In Korean modern literature, the present appearance of Korean society is reproduced in any way. The disappearance of romance between men and women in the novels of female writers who are active now is a representative aspect of it. It is friendship and love among women to form narrative in Choi Eun-young's novels that sharply shape the modern society through personal and intimate stories. This thesis analyzes That Summer, The Song from a Distance and With a Very Faint Light to examine the political meaning of women's love and friendship. Women's friendship and love extend beyond personal empathy to social empathy. Social empathy should be based on a contextual understanding of discrimination and hatred, so it can be said that it is the most intellectual and ethical sensitivity at this point. That summer shaped the shape of love by the retrospective description. Although the link of violence in which the violence of 'male' is learned is accused between men, the love among women does not be eroded by the violence of 'male' but pushes it away. In this novel, the hierarchy and power relationships between women are carefully captured, and the affect of love makes their relationship equal. Above all, the ethics they aim for in their relationship are linked to the 'feminine' characteristics and they are honest about the wounds they have given to their opponents. The fact that the female characters who practice the ethics of care are at the center of the narrative and focused on the shape and structure of 'emotion' shows the political position of That summer. The song from a distant place is similar to the flashback of the movie, giving the effect of experiencing the past events presently, and at the same time, giving insight into the meaning of past events through retrospective descriptions. When she was a freshman in college, Soeun had to deny her existence by her seniors who were encroached on 'maleness' while shouting 'freedom' and 'equality'. The relationship with Mijin, who protested against the violence of identity and supported Soeun, suggests the political meaning of women's friendship. This is extended to sisterhood, which embraces Yulya, a foreign woman whose existence was disastrously denied by her father, a patriarch. Women’s friendship and love affirm themselves through their affection for their opponents, which builds up growth narratives, which are distinguished from male growth narratives that use women’s suffering as a passing agent. In With a Very Faint Light, the thought for the 'Yongsan disaster' is placed in the relationship between the two women, which goes to the reflection on the ethics of writing. The young female instructor makes clear the perception that all individuals are involved in any way in what happens in this society. This is not an individual who exists as a sole person but a perception of an individual who exists in a social relationship. Furthermore, it preaches the relationship and sociality implied by writing. Just as the teacher lifted the lamp in front of Heewon, Heewon will also play a role of holding the lamp in front of someone and someone will remember Heewon. At this point in time when the erased and disappeared women are restored and visited the genealogy, the relationship between a teacher and a student, a senior and a junior is more meaningful because it is a relationship between women. There is no man in the place of significant others in both That Summer, The Song from a Distance and With a Very Faint Light. In other novels of Choi Eun-young, men also have the spaces of significant others. Men who were invited to the narrative of women's love were victims of ...