1P-361 Biodiesel production by from vegetable oils transesterification using ultrasonic irradiation

정상민,이원준,정경환,이헌,정상철 한국공업화학회 2017 한국공업화학회 연구논문 초록집 Vol.2017 No.1

Transesterifications of vegetable oils by ultrasonic energy were examined on various catalysts for biodiesel production. Reaction activities of the transesterifications were evaluated to the ultrasonic energy and thermal energy. The yields of fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) on the alkali catalysts were higher than those on the acid catalysts. The highest FAME yield was obtained as 83% on potassium hydroxide catalyst in the transesterification. The effective reaction conditions by ultrasonic energy were 1 wt% catalyst loading and 6:1 molar ratio of methanol to vegetable oils. The reaction rate of the transesterification by ultrasonic energy was faster than that by thermal energy. The acid values of the biodiesel products were improved above 30% compared to those of the feedstocks.

활성탄관에 포집된 2MEA와 2EEA의 에스테르화가 2MEA와 2EEA 분석에 미치는 영향

김현욱,김강윤,최호춘 한국산업위생학회 2003 한국산업보건학회지 Vol.13 No.1

This study was performed to find an appropriate desorbing solution for 2MEA and 2EEA collected activated charcoal. The desorbing solution should be transesterification-free and have reliable desorption efficiency. Anumber of desorbing solutions were tested against CS2 and MeOH/ methylene chloride(5/95, v/v, 5MeOH) which were normally used as desorbing solutions. Transesterfication of 2MEA and 2EEA on dry charcoal by 5MeOH was also verified. A GC/MSD was used for verification of transesterification. Desorption effciencies of several desorbing solutions were measured by GC/FID, As desorbing solutions, CS2, 5MeOH, DMF/CS2(1/99, v/v, 1DMF), and DMF/cs2(3/97,v/v, 3DMF)were selected. Desorption effciencies of 2MEA and 2EEA were 97.3% and 99.2% by 5MeOH, respectively, and 100.8% and 101.4% by 3DMF, respectively. No significant difference between 5MeOH and 3DMF was found for both 2MEA and 2EEA(p〈0.05), Transesterification of 2MEA and 2EEA on dry charcoal at≥10 ppm was confirmed when 5MeOH was used as the desorbing solution, However, when 3DMF was used, no transestserification of 2MEA and 2MEEA on dry charcoal was found. This study found that 3DMF (DMF/CS@, 3/97, v/v)was the desorbing solvent of choice for 2MEA and 2EEA collected on coconut shell charcoal tube With the solutiom, no transesterification was found with nearly 100% desorption efficiency.

Controlling self-assembly of zinc(II)-benzoate coordination complexes with 1,4-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane by varying solvent and ligand-to-metal ratio: Their catalytic activities

Kwak, Han,Lee, Sun Hwa,Kim, Soo Hyun,Lee, Young Min,Park, Byeong Kwon,Lee, Yu Jin,Jun, Je Yeol,Kim, Cheal,Kim, Sung-Jin,Kim, Youngmee Elsevier 2009 Polyhedron Vol.28 No.3

<P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P><P>Zinc-benzoates can be rationally tuned to form four different structures with a bridging bpe ligand by controlling ligand-to-zinc-benzoate molar ratios and by using different solvent systems, and reveal three coordination polymers having similar one-dimensional characteristics but having different mono-, di-, trinuclear nodes (<B>1</B>–<B>3</B>), and a dinuclear ring type molecule (<B>4</B>). This work reveals that the ligand-to-metal ratio and solvent play very important roles in the formation of different coordination structures. We have also shown that the compounds <B>1</B>–<B>4</B> catalyzed efficiently the transesterification of a variety of esters.</P><ce:figure></ce:figure> <P><B>Abstract</B></P><P>Four new coordination polymers formed by zinc-benzoate with the 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethane (bpe) bridging ligand have been prepared and characterized. Zinc-benzoates can be rationally tuned to form four different structures with a bridging bpe ligand by controlling ligand-to-zinc-benzoate molar ratios and by using different solvent systems, and reveal three coordination polymers having similar one-dimensional characteristics but having different mono-, di-, trinuclear nodes (<B>1</B>–<B>3</B>), and a dinuclear ring type molecule (<B>4</B>). This work reveals that the ligand-to-metal ratio and solvent play very important roles in the formation of different coordination structures. We have also shown that the compounds <B>1</B>–<B>4</B> catalyzed efficiently the transesterification of a variety of esters. The complex <B>3</B> showed the most efficient reactivity and is the best among the catalytic efficiencies reported previously with zinc-containing coordination and polymeric compounds. The substrates with the electron-withdrawing substituents have undergone faster transesterification than those with the electron-donating ones. In addition, the scope of the application of <B>1</B>–<B>4</B> as transesterification catalysts has been expanded to now include ethanol and propanol, suggesting that this catalytic system can be potentially useful for preparing various esters by transesterification. Moreover, the transesterification reaction mechanism was discussed by <SUP>1</SUP>H NMR study.</P>

Evaluating the effectiveness of various biochars as porous media for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification

Lee, Jechan,Jung, Jong-Min,Oh, Jeong-Ik,Ok, Yong Sik,Lee, Sang-Ryong,Kwon, Eilhann E. Elsevier 2017 Bioresource technology Vol.231 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study focuses on investigating the optimized chemical composition of biochar used as porous material for biodiesel synthesis via pseudo-catalytic transesterification. To this end, six biochars from different sources were prepared and biodiesel yield obtained from pseudo-catalytic transesterification of waste cooking oil using six biochars were measured. Biodiesel yield and optimal reaction temperature for pseudo-catalytic transesterification were strongly dependent on the raw material of biochar. For example, biochar generated from maize residue exhibited the best performance, which yield was reached ∼90% at 300°C; however, the maximum biodiesel yield with pine cone biochar was 43% at 380°C. The maximum achievable yield of biodiesel was sensitive to the lignin content of biomass source of biochar but not sensitive to the cellulose and hemicellulose content. This study provides an insight for screening the most effective biochar as pseudo-catalytic porous material, thereby helping develop more sustainable and economically viable biodiesel synthesis process.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Sustainable biodiesel production by using biochar with a high yield. </LI> <LI> Optimization of pseudo-catalytic transesterification temperature on biochar. </LI> <LI> Pseudo-catalytic biodiesel yield on biochar sensitive to lignin content of biomass. </LI> </UL> </P>

<i>In situ</i> lipase-catalyzed transesterification in rice bran for synthesis of fatty acid methyl ester

Choi, Nakyung,No, Da Som,Kim, Heejin,Kim, Byung Hee,Kwak, Jieun,Lee, Jeom-Sig,Kim, In-Hwan Elsevier 2018 INDUSTRIAL CROPS AND PRODUCTS Vol.120 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) were synthesized via <I>in situ</I> lipase-catalyzed transesterification in rice bran without additional catalyst. With this method, FAME were synthesized directly from oil in rice bran by simply adding methanol, with the aid of rice bran lipase already existing in rice bran. The effects of temperature, molar ratio (oil in rice bran to methanol), and water content of the rice bran were investigated. The yield of FAME and the free fatty acid content were monitored as a function of reaction time. The optimum conditions were a temperature of 40 °C, a molar ratio of 1:6, and a water content of 12%. Under the optimum conditions, the FAME yield of 83.4 wt% was obtained after 12 days. To further increase the FAME yield, the transesterification was repeated using the rice bran obtained from the first transesterification. The oils in rice bran that could be converted to FAME were completely transformed throughout the repeated transesterification.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Fatty acid methyl ester were synthesized via <I>in situ</I> reaction in rice bran. </LI> <LI> <I>In situ</I> reaction was performed by a lipase in rice bran. </LI> <LI> With the addition of methanol to rice bran, esterification occurred. </LI> <LI> Water and methanol were crucial factors for the reaction. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Pyrogenic transformation of <i>Nannochloropsis oceanica</i> into fatty acid methyl esters without oil extraction for estimating total lipid content

Kim, Jieun,Jung, Jong-Min,Lee, Jechan,Kim, Ki-Hyun,Choi, Tae O,Kim, Jae-Kon,Jeon, Young Jae,Kwon, Eilhann E. Elsevier 2016 Bioresource technology Vol.212 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study fundamentally investigated the pseudo-catalytic transesterification of dried <I>Nannochloropsis oceanica</I> into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) without oil extraction, which was achieved in less than 5min via a thermo-chemical pathway. This study presented that the pseudo-catalytic transesterification reaction was achieved in the presence of silica and that its main driving force was identified as temperature: pores in silica provided the numerous reaction space like a micro-reactor, where the heterogeneous reaction was developed. The introduced FAME derivatization showed an extraordinarily high tolerance of impurities (<I>i.e</I>., pyrolytic products and various extractives). This study also explored the thermal cracking of FAMEs derived from <I>N. oceanica</I>: the thermal cracking of saturated FAMEs was invulnerable at temperatures lower than 400°C. Lastly, this study reported that <I>N. oceanica</I> contained 14.4wt.% of dried <I>N. oceanica</I> and that the introduced methylation technique could be applicable to many research fields sharing the transesterification platform.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> High tolerance against impurities. </LI> <LI> Fast methylation less than 5min via the pseudo-catalytic transesterification. </LI> <LI> Pseudo-catalytic transesterification in the presence of porous material. </LI> <LI> Converting <I>N. oceanica</I> into fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) without oil extraction. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Biochar as porous media for thermally-induced non-catalytic transesterification to synthesize fatty acid ethyl esters from coconut oil

Jung, Jong-Min,Lee, Jechan,Choi, Dongho,Oh, Jeong-Ik,Lee, Sang-Ryong,Kim, Jae-Kon,Kwon, Eilhann E. Elsevier 2017 Energy conversion and management Vol.145 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>This study put great emphasis on evaluating biochar as porous media for the thermally-induced non-catalytic transesterification reaction to synthesize fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) from coconut oil. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) of coconut oil experimentally justified that the bond dissociation of fatty acid from the backbone of triglycerides (TGs) could be achieved, which finding could be applied to the non-catalytic transesterification reaction. To use biochar as porous medium, the surficial morphology of maize residue biochar (MRB) was characterized, revealing that biochar possessed the wider pore size distribution ranging from meso- to macro-pores than SiO<SUB>2</SUB>. The highest yield of FAEE from non-catalytic transesterification of coconut oil in the presence of MRB was 87% at 380°C. To further enhance the FAEE yield, further studies associated with the production of FAEE with biochar made from different biomasses and various pyrolytic conditions should be performed.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Biodiesel production using renewable resources. </LI> <LI> Thermally-induced non-catalytic transesterification. </LI> <LI> Synthesis of fatty acid ethyl esters without conventional catalysts. </LI> <LI> Using biochar as porous medium in the non-catalytic transesterification. </LI> </UL> </P>

One-step transesterification reaction using methanol-stable lipase for omega-3 fatty acid ethyl ester production

Natadiputri, Griselda Herman,Suwanto, Antonius,Kim, Hyung Kwoun The Korean Society for Applied Biological Chemistr 2015 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.58 No.2

We investigated transesterification activity of methanol-stable lipase from Staphylococcus haemolyticus L62. Lipase L62 transesterified olive oil and menhaden oil using various alcohols including methanol, ethanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol. Based on the high stability of lipase L62 toward alcohols, high molar ratios (3:1 or 6:1) of alcohol to oil were employed in the reaction systems. Lipase L62 produced fatty acid esters efficiently by one-step transesterification. Reaction conditions for production of fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) and omega-3 fatty acid ethyl esters were further optimized. Lipase L62 produced those esters efficiently when 30-40 % water content was present in the reaction medium. The lipase L62 conversion yield was as high as 92 % for FAME and omega-3 ethyl ester production. These results indicate that lipase L62 is a suitable catalyst for producing an omega-3 ethyl ester concentrate in the pharmaceutical industry as well as for producing biodiesel in the bio-refinery industry.

In-situ transesterification of wet spent coffee grounds for sustainable biodiesel production

Park, J.,Kim, B.,Lee, J.W. Elsevier Applied Science 2016 Bioresource technology Vol.221 No.-

This work addresses in-situ transesterification of wet spent coffee grounds (SCGs) for the production of biodiesel. For in-situ transesterification process, the methanol, organic solvent and acid catalyst were mixed with wet SCG in one pot and the mixture was heated for simultaneous lipid extraction and transesterification. Maximum yield of fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) was 16.75wt.% based on the weight of dry SCG at 95<SUP>o</SUP>C. Comprehensive experiments were conducted with varying temperatures and various amounts of moisture, methanol, co-solvent and acid catalyst. Moderate polar and alcohol-miscible organic solvent is suitable for the high FAME yield. Unsaturated FAMEs are subject to oxidative cleavage by nitric acid and shorter chain (C6 and C10) FAMEs were mainly produced while sulfuric acid yielded long chain unsaturated FAMEs (C16 and C18). Utilization of wet SCGs as a biodiesel feedstock gives economic and environmental benefits by recycling the municipal waste.

Lipase의 Transesterification반응에 의한 생물계면활성제의 합성

신영민,정숙현,이상옥,신화경,이희정,이태호 한국산업미생물학회 1997 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.25 No.4

Pseudomonas sp. lipase (lipase AK) catalyzed transesterification reaction between fructose and vinyl laurate in anhydrous pyridine. The product of this process was identified as monoester of fructose and vinyl laurate. The synthetic product has been found to be an excellent emulsifier. The synthetic bioemulsifier showed a good emulsification activity and stability in comparison with other commercial emulsifiers, and good emulsification activity on various emulsifying substrates.