Value of Second Pass in Loop Electrosurgical Excisional Procedure

김기동,강순범,이택상,김재원,박노현,송용상,정현훈 대한의학회 2009 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.24 No.1

The aim of this study was to compare the rate of incomplete resection and treatment outcome of the second-pass technique with those of single-pass technique in loop electrosurgical excisional procedure (LEEP). From 1997 to 2002, 683 women were diagnosed as squamous dysplasia via LEEP in our institution. Age, parity, LEEP technique, grade of lesion, glandular extension, margin status, residual tumor and recurrence were obtained by reviewing medical records. Positive margin was defined as mild dysplasia or higher grade lesions at resection margin of the LEEP specimen. In women who underwent hysterectomy, residual tumor was defined as mild dysplasia or higher grade lesions in hysterectomy specimen. In women who did not underwent hysterectomy, Pap smear more than atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance or biopsy result more than mild dysplasia within two years after LEEP were regarded as cytologic or histologic recurrences, respectively. Treatment failure of LEEP was defined as residual tumor or histologic recurrence. The second-pass technique significantly reduced the endocervical margin positivity (odds ratio [OR], 0.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.21-0.63). However, the second-pass technique did not reduce the treatment failure (OR, 0.62; 95% CI, 0.29-1.32). In conclusion, the second-pass technique markedly reduced the endocervical margin positivity, but did not reduce the treatment failure rate of LEEP.

미하일 체홉 연기론의 형성 과정 연구 -《햄릿》(1924)을 중심으로-

이진아 ( Chin A Lee ) 한국연극학회 2005 한국연극학 Vol.0 No.25

The figure, Michael Chekhov, is indispensable in understanding the development of technique of acting in the 20th century. Research on the period when he was engaged in his work at `The First Studio of MAT` and `The Second MAT` is not surprisingly limited. It might be because the research on M. Chekhov who is often criticized as being a `formalist` and `mystic` by the Soviet Russia was simply not allowed, and as another reason is owing to limited interest of his work which is concentrated around actor`s training from his exile in 1928 until death of 1955. M. Chekhov`s contribution was made possible from his learning from his mentor K. Stanislavsky who established the psychological theatre based on actor`s personal life experience itself. He then expanded his contribution beyond unconscious and spiritual dimension in the process of creating a role. A person who regards his technique of acting as `inspired acting` treated imagination as an important source of creation, which was a quite a clear departure from Stanialsvsky`s emphasis on life experience and emotion memory. `Imagination`, `image`, `psychological gesture`, `imaginary body and center` comprised as a key concept a new world of supra-sensual dimension accessible with scientific and objective approach in the contemporary play and acting art. Those who influenced the formation of his method include K. Stanislavsky, L. Sulerzhitsky, E. Bakhtangov and a German philosopher R. Steiner. Especially, Chekhov was heavily influenced by Steiner who as a pioneer of Anthroposophy propagated dichotomic distinction between idea and sensual experience, and between the spiritual and matter. The purpose of art to Chekhov is in the materialization of man`s spiritual world. As Anthroposophy divides man into body, soul, and spirit, Chekhov holds that "the idea of a play produced on the stage is its spirit, its atmosphere is its soul, and all that is visible and audible is its body." He emphasized imagination and intuition rather than analysis and logic in creation of actors` roles. He believed that through psychological gesture and related training character and secret of the person would be revealed. In other words, mind of role and body of actor are merged in psychological gesture. The most productive period for him was from the time he became leader of `First Studio` after the death of Bakhtangov in 1922 until he left Russia for good in 1928 including the transitory time when `Studio` was turned into `The Second MAT` and he became an art director in 1924. Hamlet, the first work of his at `The Second MAT` as an art director in 1924 merits special attention for its contribution to formation of actor`s technique. A ball was one of exercise tools he used at this time. Actors were told to express their emotion, will, and intention by throwing and receiving balls with each other in place of Shakespeare`s words. In performing this, they could explore and experiment the emotion, rhythm, energy and relationship between figures at each scene. Chekhov deserves appraisal for his introduction in creation of roles of trained intuition and inspired spirituality to actor`s technique by overcoming a black and white distinction between mind and matter, and between spiritual world and physical world.

아킬레스 동종건을 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술에서 잔류조직 보존술식과 비보존술식의 임상적 결과 및이차 관절경 소견의 비교

전근철(Keun Churl Chun),황재선(Jae Sun Hwang),김광미(Kwang Mee Kim),김다희(Da Hee Kim),전철홍(Churl Hong Chun) 대한정형외과학회 2013 대한정형외과학회지 Vol.48 No.5

목적: 잔류조직 보존술을 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술이 임상적으로 나은 결과를 보일 것으로 생각하여 전방십자인대 재건술에서 잔류조직 보존술식과 비보존술식을 이차 관절경 소견과 기능 안정성을 비교, 분석하였다. 대상 및 방법: 2008년 1월부터 2010년 12월까지 24개월 이상 추시 관찰 가능하였던 전방십자인대 재건술을 시행한 환자 48명 중 잔류조직 보존 여부에 따라 보존군 26명, 비보존군 22명으로 나누었다. 슬관절 안정성 평가(International Knee Committee, Lysholm 슬관절 점수, Tegner 활동 점수, Lachman 검사, Pivot shift 검사) 및 이차 관절경에서 비교 분석하였다(study design: prospective cohort study). 결과: 최종 추시상 슬관절 안정성 평가에서 두 군 간 유의한 차이는 없었으나(p>0.05), 기능적 평가에서 보존군이 비보존군보다 유의하게 향상된 결과를 보였다(p<0.05). 이차 관절경상 이식건의 긴장도는 유의한 차이는 없었고 활액막 형성은 보존군에서 더 형성된 결과를 보였다. 결론: 아킬레스 동종건을 이용한 전방십자인대 재건술 시 잔류조직 보존군이 기능성 평가와 이차 관절경 소견에서 우수한 결과를 보였다. Purpose: This study was conducted for evaluation of clinical uses of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction with an Achilles allograft using the remnant technique by comparison and analysis stability, functional assessment and results of second-look arthroscopy between the remnant technique and the non-remnanat technique. Materials and Methods: A total of 48 patients who underwent ACL reconstruction using an Achilles allograft were selected and divided into two groups depending on the presence of remnant. The preserving group included 26 patients and non-preserving group included 22 patients. The two groups were compared and analyzed with regarding to stability (Stress view Lachman test, pivot shift test), functional assessment (International Knee Documentation Committee, Lysholm score, Tegner score, single hoop test, shuttle turn, carioca test), and the result of second-look arthroscopy (study design: prosepective cohort study). Results: In the final result, the remnant group showed significant improvement in the Tegner and carioca tests compared with the non-remnant group (p<0.05). In second-look arthroscopy, the remnant group showed better coverage of synovium (p<0.05). Conclusion: ACL reconstruction with an Achilles allograft using the remnant technique showed better results in functional assessment and finding in second-look arthroscopy compared with the non-remnant technique group.

확률유한요소법을 이용한 동하중을 받는 FRAME 구조물의 신뢰성해석

신재철,정인수 忠南大學校 産業技術硏究所 2002 산업기술연구논문집 Vol.17 No.2

Most dynamic systems have various random properties in excitation and system parameters. In this paper, reliability analysis for structural response is proposed for linear dynamic system with random properties in both excitation and system parameters. The system parameters and responses with random properties are modeled by the perturbation technique. SFEM(Stochastic Finite Element Method) is used for the calculation of Mean and standard deviation response for the structures. In study it is assumed that excitations, system parameters and response are Gaussian. The results of response for the analysis are compared to those of numerical simulation. Also the probability of failure are caculated for using SFOSM (Advanced First Order Second Moment) of the general reliability analysis method.

OSCILLATION CRITERIA FOR NONLINEAR PERTURBED DYNAMIC EQUATIONS OF SECOND-ORDER ON TIME SCALES

AGARWAL, RAVI P.,O'REGAN, DONAL,SAKER, S. H. 한국전산응용수학회 2006 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.20 No.1

In this paper, by using the Riccati transformation technique we establish some new oscillation criteria for second-order nonlinear perturbed dynamic equation on time scales. An example illustrating our main results is also given.

Mono- and Multi-layer Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Maleimide Polymers Possessing Nonlinear Optical-Active Side Chains

Yoon Kuk Ro,Lee Hoosung,Rhee Bum Ku,Jung Changsoo The Polymer Society of Korea 2004 Macromolecular Research Vol.12 No.6

A copolymer P[OSA-MI] was synthesized by copolymerization of its corresponding monomers, N-phenyl maleimide (MI) and 2-octen-l-ylsuccinic anhydride (OSA). The polymer (poly[2-[1-(2,5-dioxo-l-phenylpyrroli­din-3-ylmethyl)heptyl]-succinic acid 4-(2-$\{$ethyl-[4-(4-nitrophen-ylazo)phenyl]amino$\}$ethyl)ester]) P[DR1MA-MI] was obtained from the reaction of P[OSA-MI] with 2-[4-(4-nitrophenylazo)-N-ethylphenylamino] ethanol (DR1). A stable monolayer of P[DRIMA-MI] was formed by spreading the solution of the polymer in chloroform. In Y-type Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) films prepared using this Langmuir-Blodgett method, the second harmonic waves generated from adjacent mono layers canceled each other out. In X-and Z-type LB films, the second harmonic intensity increased upon increasing the number of monolayers, but this increase was somewhat smaller than predicted by the square law. This phenomenon is due to defects or imperfect alignment of the dipoles in the LB film. The generation of second harmonic waves from Y-type LB films having an even number of mono layers supports this argument. The degree of imperfection seemed to increase as the number of layers increased. The second-order nonlinear optical properties of spin-cast films of these polymers were also measured. The largest second harmonic coefficient of the poled P[DRIMA-MI] film coated on a glass plate was 19 pm/V.

Results of arthroscopic repair of lateral meniscus posterior root tear

Hyung Seok Park,Dong Hwi Kim,김바롬 대한정형외과 스포츠의학회 2021 Arthroscopy and Orthopedic Sports Medicine Vol.8 No.2

Background: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the outcome of the lateral meniscal (LM) posterior root repair concomitant anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction through second-look arthroscopy or postoperative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Methods: From September 2013 to December 2019, of the 107 patients with ACL rupture and LM tear, except for 80 patients with no posterior root tear, we retrospectively reviewed 20 cases who were followed up for more than 1 year. In all cases, the injured ACL was reconstructed, and the torn LM posterior root was repaired by all-inside or pull-out technique, depending on the tear type. For the assessment of results, we confirmed the healing of the repaired LM posterior root in 14 of the 20 cases using second-look arthroscopy during implant removal, and 8 cases were evaluated for LM posterior root healing and degree of meniscal extrusion based on postoperative MRI. For clinical assessment, the Lysholm score and Tegner activity scale were evaluated preoperatively and postoperatively. Results: At the last follow-up, the Lysholm score was 92.6, and the Tegner activity scale was 6.0. There were no other complications in all cases. We confirmed that the repaired site was satisfactorily healed by second-look arthroscopy in 14 cases. In addition, the continuity of the repaired site was confirmed in 8 cases with postoperative MRI. The postoperative reduction of extruded LM differed according to age; extruded LM decreased in patients under the age of 20 but increased in those over the age of 20. Conclusion: The concomitant ACL reconstruction and LM posterior root repair showed high healing rates based on second-look arthroscopic evaluation or postoperative MRI. Further, clinical outcomes showed good results at follow-up. Therefore, LM posterior root repair at the time of ACL reconstruction is considered a good surgical procedure.

扶餘 扶蘇山城의 築城法과 文字資料의 編年的 位置

백종오 중부고고학회 2023 고고학 Vol.22 No.1

This article aims to examine the fortification method change process and the chronological position of Busosanseong Fortress, the royal castle of Baekje. It was possible to examine the chronological position more closely by examining the properties and excavation context of the text materials to trace the diachronic change process of Busosanseong Fortress. Busosanseong Fortress is a representative of the rammed earth(版築) technique. The rammed earth fortress wall in Korea describes Busosanseong Fortress and Pungnaptoseong as their prototype models. The construction process of these fortresses is largely divided into eight stages: Seonji(選地, selecting location), Jeongji(整地, grading), Jijeong(地釘, soil ground), Guchuk(構築, construction), Bubyeok(扶壁, buttress), Pibok(被覆, covering), Yeongseon(營繕, maintenance), and Bosu(補修, repair). The principle of construction appears in the Chinese classics such as Wuyuechunqiu(吳越春秋), Bowuzhi(博物志), Guanzi(管子) “Duoditiao(度地 條)” and Zhouli(周禮) “Kaogongji(考工記)”, and Zuozhuan(左傳). As seen in Guanzi “Duoditiao”, “build a castle inside and build a wall outside” is understood as ① Seonji(選地) stage, “if the ground is high, dig a valley, and if the ground is low, build an embankment” as ②Jeongji(整地) and ③Jijeong(地釘) stages, “make a moat outside the fortress and plant thorns around it to make it more difficult to climb, then it will be sturdier” as ④Guchuk(構築), ⑤Bubyeok(扶壁) and ⑥Pibok(被覆) stages, “repair continuously every year, and manage it sturdy every season” as ⑦Yeongseon(營繕) and ⑧Bosu(補修) stages. Through this, it can be explained that their principle and process of construction were directly reflected in the fortification method of Korean fortresses as it is in principle and practice. Kuodizhi(括地志) Quoted in Hanyuan(翰苑) is a literature showing the existence of stone-built fortress walls in the Sabi period of Baekje. This book has a higher historical value in that it records the observations made after a Chinese envoy directly visited Sabi capital city in Baekje before 636. Among the articles in Kuodizhi, “北面 累石爲之(the north side was built by stacking stones)” is the only literature case showing the stone-built fortress walls of Baekje. It refers to the northern wall of Busosanseong Fortress and the northern walls that refer to the connecting section of Buknaseong Fortress. Among the text materials of the Unified Silla period, the inscription tile, ‘儀鳳二 年(the second year of the Yifeng era)’銘(677) corresponds to the seventeenth year of King Munmu. By linking this with historical events such as the establishment of Soburi Ju(所夫里州) in 671, the victory of the Battle of Gibeolpo at the mouth of the Geum River in 676, and the end of the Silla-Tang War, it is narrowed down to the initial construction time of the Gunchangji(軍倉址) and Sajaru(泗泚樓) Temoe style fortress. Through the inscription tile, ‘會昌七年(the seventh year of the Huichang era)’銘(847), it was also identified that the intensive rebuilding and maintenance of the fortress was carried out in the middle of the ninth century. The inscription tile of the Goryeo Dynasty, ‘大平八年(the eighth year of the Taiping era)’銘(1028), is the same relic as the relics excavated from the nearby Jeongnimsa Temple site, which infers the fact that some renovations were made on the southern wall section of Pogok(包谷) style fortress along with the construction of Daejangjeon Hall at Jeongnimsa Temple site in the early eleventh century. It is considered that the inscription tile, ‘朝鮮國何東扶元宮(Hadong Buwongun of Joseon)’銘, excavated from Gunchangji dates from the middle of the fifteenth century, when Jeong Inji(鄭麟趾) was designated as Hadong Buwongun(1453-1478). 본 고는 백제 왕성인 부소산성의 축성술 변화과정과 출토 문자자료의 편년적 위치를 살펴본 것이다. 그리고 부소산성의 통시적인 변화과정을 추적하기 위해 문자자료의 속성과 출토 맥락을 검증하여 그 편년적위치를 좀 더 면밀히 살펴볼 수 있었다. 부소산성=판축기법으로 대표된다. 우리나라의 판축성벽은 부소산성과 풍납토성을 그 원형모델(prototype model)로 설명하고 있다. 이들 성곽의 축조 공정은 크게 選地, 整地, 地釘, 構築, 扶壁, 被覆, 營繕, 補修 등 모두 8단계로 나누어진다. 그 조영원리는 중국의 고전인 『吳越春秋』, 『博物志』, 『管子』 度 地條와 『周禮』 考工記, 『左傳』 등에서 살펴볼 수 있다. 이중 『管子』 度地條에서 보듯이, 성을 쌓을 때“안에는 성을 쌓고 밖에는 곽을 쌓는다”는 ① 選地段階, “땅이 높으면 골을 파고, 땅이 낮으면 둑을 쌓는다”는 ② 整地段階와 ③ 地釘段階, “성곽 밖에는 해자를 두고 주변에는 가시나무를 심어 오르기 어렵게하면 더욱 견고해 진다”는 ④ 構築段階와 ⑤ 扶壁段階 그리고 ⑥ 被覆段階, “해마다 끊이지 않고 수리하고, 철마다 튼튼하게 관리한다”는 ⑦ 營繕段階와 ⑧ 補修段階로 이해된다. 이렇듯 성곽의 조영 원리와 그축조 공정은 원론과 실제로써 우리나라 성곽의 축성법에 그대로 투영되었다고 할 수 있다. 백제 사비기 석축성벽의 존재 여부를 보여주는 문헌이 『翰苑』 所引 『括地志』이다. 이 책은 중국 사신이636년 이전에 백제 사비도성을 직접 방문한 후 그 관찰한 내용을 기록한 것이기에 더욱 사료적 가치가 높다고할 수 있다. 『括地志』 기사 중‘北面 累石爲之’는 백제 석축성벽을 보여주는 유일한 문헌 사례인데, 이 기사는부소산성 북벽부와 이곳에서 연결되는 북나성의 연접 구간을 지칭하는 북쪽 성벽들을 말하는 것으로 파악된다. 통일신라시대 문자자료 중 ‘儀鳳二年’銘(677) 명문기와는 신라 문무왕 17년에 해당되는데, 671년 所 夫里州 설치, 676년 금강 하구의 기벌포 전투 승리와 나당 전쟁 종결 등의 역사적 사건 등과 결부시켜 보면, 군창지 및 사자루테뫼식산성의 초축 시점으로 압축된다는 사실을 알 수 있다. 또한 사자루테뫼식산성에서출토된 ‘會昌七年’銘(847) 명문기와를 통해 9세기 중반에 부소산성내 집중적인 修改築과 함께 성내 營繕 이 활발하게 이루어진 것으로 파악하였다. 고려시대의 ‘太平八年’銘(1028) 명문기와는 인근 정림사지 출토품과 동일한 유물로 13세기 초 정림사지의 대장전 건립과 함께 포곡식산성 남벽 구간에 대한 일부 수개축이이루어졌다는 사실을 유추하는 자료로 판단하였다. 그리고 군창지 출토 ‘朝鮮國何東扶元宮’銘 명문기와는 정인지가 하동부원군(1453~1478)으로 봉해지는 15세기 중엽으로 보아도 무리가 없다고 생각된다.

OSCILLATION THEOREMS FOR CERTAIN SECOND ORDER NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Sun, Yibing,Han, Zhenlai,Zhao, Ping,Sun, Ying The Korean Society for Computational and Applied M 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.5

In this paper, we consider the oscillation of the following certain second order nonlinear differential equations $(r(t)(x^{\prime}(t))^{\alpha})^{\prime}+q(t)x^{\beta}(t)=0$>, where ${\alpha}$ and ${\beta}$ are ratios of positive odd integers. New oscillation theorems are established, which are based on a class of new functions ${\Phi}={\Phi}(t,s,l)$ defined in the sequel. Also, we establish some interval oscillation criteria for this equation.

OSCILLATION THEOREMS FOR CERTAIN SECOND ORDER NONLINEAR DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS

Yibing Sun,Zhenlai Han,Ping Zhao,Ying Sun 한국전산응용수학회 2011 Journal of applied mathematics & informatics Vol.29 No.5

In this paper, we consider the oscillation of the following certain second order nonlinear differential equations (r(t)(x'(t))^α+q(t)x^β(t)=0,where α and β are ratios of positive odd integers. New oscillation theorems are established, which are based on a class of new functions Φ=Φ(t,s,l) defined in the sequel. Also, we establish some interval oscillation criteria for this equation.