기술집약도별 산업기술인력 수급구조의 특징과 정책적 시사점

홍성민,장선미 기술경영경제학회 2008 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.16 No.2

This paper studies the supply and demand of Industrial Technology Labor-force(ITL) and analyzes the determinate of ITL shortage in Korean manufacturing. We classified the industry into four categories-high technology industries, medium-high technology industries, medium-low technology industries and low technology industries-based on its R&D intensity like OECD. For the empirical analyses we use a survey data collected from 5,703 enterprises. The key findings are as follows: Firstly, a large majority of ITL is engaged in more technology-intensive industries but the categories that are exposed to more serious labor-force shortage problem are medium-high technology industries and low technology industries. Secondly, in the terms of supply factor, the ITL shortage problems are mainly due to the avoidance of ITL jobs. And the demand point, the reason is that the most of ITL are not researchers but production managers. Thirdly, the cause of imbalance between supply and demand of ITL are different by the technological categories. For example, in the high technology industries, the supply factors, such as average wage and turnover rate played more important role in the imbalance. But in the low technology industries the demand factors, such as per capita sales and the ratio of ITL in all employees were relatively much more important. Based on the findings, we discovered some political meanings such as the necessity to plan various policies to resolve the shortage problem of ITL according to the technological categories, etc.

기술집약도에 따른 국내 제조업의 기술혁신 패턴 분석

노지혜 ( Jih Yae Noh ),정민근 ( Min Keun Chung ),나중덕 ( Joong Doug Rah ) 기술경영경제학회 2010 Journal of Technology Innovation Vol.18 No.2

본 연구에서는 국내 제조업의 기술혁신 패턴을 산업의 기술집약도에 따라 4개 부문-고기술, 중상기술, 중하기술 및 저기술-으로 나누어 살펴보았다. 과학기술정책연구원의 기술혁신조사(KIS 2008) 데이터를 이용한 실증분석 결과, 국내 기술혁신 패턴은 산업의 기술 수준이 높고 낮음에 관계없이 모든 산업부문에서 Pavitt의 과학기반형 특성을 나타내는 것으로 확인되었다. 이러한 결과는 고기술산업과 저기술산업의 기술혁신 패턴이 각각 Pavitt의 과학기반형(science-based)과 공급자주도형(supplier-dominated)으로 뚜렷하게 구분되는 해외 연구결과와는 차이를 나타낸다. 이는 국내 기술혁신활동이 해당 산업의 기술수준이나 특성을 제대로 반영하지 못한 채 고기술산업을 기준으로 획일화되어 있음을 보여주는 것이다. 향후 각 산업의 기술수준이나 특성을 반영하는 효과적인 기술·혁신정책 수립을 위해서는 국내 기술혁신 패턴이 이러한 양상을 나타내는 원인과 그것이 혁신성과에 미치는 영향에 대한 추가적인 연구가 필요하다 하겠다. This paper explores the patterns of technological innovation in Korean manufacturing sector in accordance with technology intensity which classifies industries into four sectors; high-technology, medium-high-technology, medium-low-technology and low-technology. Empirical study using Korea Innovation Survey(KIS 2008) data shows that the patterns of technological innovation in Korea exhibits the characteristics of science-based firm described by Pavitt across all industry sectors regardless of the level of technology. On the other hand, overseas studies have found the distinct differences between high-and low-technology sectors; the former is shaped by science-based firm and the latter by supplier-dominated firm. It implies that technological innovation activities in Korea do not reflect the level and/or nature of technology and innovation patterns conform to a single standard of high-technology sector. Further studies on causes and impacts of this inclination would be required for effective technology and innovation policy that fits with the level and/or nature of technology in individual industries.

Governmental Science and Technology Policy-Making on Technology- Intensive Industry Based on Allisonʼs Models : Focused on the Nuclear and Radiation Field

차석기 한국방사성폐기물학회 2018 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.16 No.4

Technology-intensive industries can be used as a major growth engine for resource poor country in the territories. For example, in the case of Korea, nuclear power and radiation technology industry was highly developed, and it was possible to obtain national interests such as solving energy problems within the country and exporting nuclear power plants. On the other hand, there are cases where national damage is caused by erroneous governmental policy-making on technology-intensive sectors. In this study, we analyzed cases of misguided governmental policy-making for technology-intensive industry and three factors were identified. And we tried to develop a rational policy-making model using three types of allisonʼs model in combination. The results of this study are expected to be useful for rational governmental policy-making processes for technology-intensive industries.

과학기술을 고려한 지역산업구조의 추이와 지역경제성장의 관계 분석

박성익,유병철 한국지역학회 2007 지역연구 Vol.23 No.2

Based on the perception that science and technology plays a key role in regional economic growth, this paper studies changes in regional industrial structures and analyses relationships between regional industrial structures and regional economic growth, utilizing OECD(2005) industry classification by technology. Major findings are as follows: First, it is found that there exists big difference in industrial structures across regions according to regional location quotient and concentration index analyses. Industrial structures of KyunggiㆍChoongbookㆍChoongnam are specialized in high-technology industries, while those of KangwonㆍJeju are specialized in low-technology industries. Second, traditional indices that measure diversity in industrial structures such as Ogive and national average approach indices and industrial structure index by technology intensity reveal that industrial structures do not converge across regions. Third, it is shown that industrial structure index by technology is able not only to measure diversity in industrial structures but to capture advancedness or backwardness of industrial structures. In addition, this index is confirmed to have positive relationship with regional economic growth, contrary to other indices. In particular, past industrial structures as well as current industrial structures have positive influence on current regional economic growth, which suggests presence of hysteresis. 본 논문은 과학기술이 지역경제의 성장에 중요한 역할을 한다는 인식 하에, OECD(2005)의 기술집약도를 활용하여 광역시도별로 지역산업구조의 변동을 분석하고 지역산업구조와 지역경제성장 사이의 관계를 규명한다. 본 논문의 주요 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지역별 입지계수와 집중도지수의 분석에 따르면, 지역 간 산업구조에는 커다란 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 경기ㆍ충북ㆍ충남의 산업구조는 상대적으로 높은 기술집약적 산업에 특화되어 있으나 강원ㆍ제주 등의 경우는 낮은 기술집약적 산업에 특화되어 있다. 둘째, 산업구조의 다양성을 측정하는 전통적인 지수인 Ogive지수와 국가경제평균법에 의한 산업구조 다양성 지수, 그리고 기술집약도를 감안한 산업구조지수의 동향을 파악하면, 지역 간 산업구조가 수렴하고 있지 않다는 결론을 얻을 수 있다. 셋째, 기술집약도를 감안한 산업구조지수를 고안하여 산출한 결과, 이 지수가 지역 산업구조의 선ㆍ후진성을 측정할 뿐만 아니라 산업구조의 다양성도 동시에 측정할 수 있는 장점이 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 아울러 다른 지수와는 달리 이 지수가 지역경제성장과 정(正)의 관계를 갖는다는 점도 실증분석의 결과 확인할 수 있다. 특히, 현재뿐만 아니라 과거의 산업구조도 현재의 지역경제성장에 역할을 미친다는 이력성(hysteresis)이 존재한다는 것도 알 수 있다.

Governmental Science and Technology Policy-Making on Technology- Intensive Industry Based on Allisonʼs Models : Focused on the Nuclear and Radiation Field

Seokki Cha 한국방사성폐기물학회 2018 방사성폐기물학회지 Vol.16 No.4

기술집약적 분야 산업은 영토 내 가용할 수 있는 자원이 극빈한 국가의 주요 성장 동력으로 활용되어질 수 있다. 예로, 한국의 경우 원자력 및 방사선 기술 산업을 고도로 육성시켜 자국 내 에너지 문제의 해결과 원자력발전소 수출 등 국익을 얻을 수 있었다. 반면 기술집약적 분야 산업에 대한 잘못된 정부정책결정에 의하여 국가적 손해가 발생한 경우도 존재한다. 본 연구에서는 기술집약적 산업에 대한 잘못된 정부정책사례를 분석하여 3가지 요인을 도출하였다. 그리고 3가지 모형의 앨리슨모델을 복합적으로 이용하여, 사례분석에서 도출된 3가지 요인의 문제점을 해결할 수 있는 합리적 정책결정 모형을 개발하고자 하였다. 궁극적으로, 본 연구의 결과는 기술집약적 산업에 대한 합리적인 정부정책결정 과정을 위해 향후 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Technology-intensive industries can be used as a major growth engine for resource poor country in the territories. For example, in the case of Korea, nuclear power and radiation technology industry was highly developed, and it was possible to obtain national interests such as solving energy problems within the country and exporting nuclear power plants. On the other hand, there are cases where national damage is caused by erroneous governmental policy-making on technology-intensive sectors. In this study, we analyzed cases of misguided governmental policy-making for technology-intensive industry and three factors were identified. And we tried to develop a rational policymaking model using three types of allisonʼs model in combination. The results of this study are expected to be useful for rational governmental policy-making processes for technology-intensive industries.

Technological Determinants of Market Shares of Mexican Manufacturing Exports

Omar Neme Castillo,Ana Lilia Valderrama Santibane,Humberto Rios Bolivar 한국라틴아메리카학회 2011 라틴아메리카연구 Vol.24 No.1

The aim of this paper is to estimate the determinants of export market shares for Mexican manufacturing industries to United States, in order to do this; determinants related to technology are distinguished from those nonrelated to technology. Estimations are based on a theoretical model that allowed classifying industries in function of the competition process in each industry. Regarding technological aspects four categories were identified: industries with high technology, with high and low intra-industry trade, and low technology industries with high and low intra-industry. Distinction between these groups is represented by eight major elements, namely, process or product innovation, vertical or horizontal product differentiation, price or quality differences, domestic market structure, and labor costs.

산업단지 공급계획의 효율화를 위한 산업원단위 산정 연구

장인석,윤정란 국토지리학회 2015 국토지리학회지 Vol.49 No.2

Industrial Basic units are used to key data for Industrial complex supply, land using scheme and infrastructure supply planning at internal. But currently units are limited that there are not reflected in the manufacturing production technology as applied 1998 and 2006 data. This Study has calculated its site location, electricity, gas and water as the production utilities, and environmental intensity through the 1,500 sample survey. As a result, Manufacturing businesses have production value increased against the building floor area, utility increased, but clearly covers an area of reduced compared to 1998 and 2006 year, which are confirmed a switch at capital-intensive technology. Also, between labors and productional utilities are low correlated. These findings can be utilized that establish an complex supply plan efficiently to reflect the production technology and it can be used as a empirical material perspective at the industrial location theory. 이 연구는 우리나라 산업단지 내 21개 제조업 사업체에 대한 표본조사를 통해 토지이용 및 건축원단위, 전력, 가스, 용수 등 생산유틸리티, 폐수 및 폐기물 발생 등 환경원단위를 산정하였다. 연구결과, 제조업 사업체는 생산액 증가 대비 건물연면적, 전력·가스·용수 등 에너지 원단위는 증가한 반면 부지면적 원단위는 뚜렷하게 감소한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 종사자 수와 생산유틸리티 원단위의 상관성이 다소 낮은 것으로 분석됨으로써 산업단지 내 제조업은 노동의존도 보다는 기술과 자본의존성이 더욱 높아지는 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 이와 같은 결과는 향후 제조업 생산기술에 부합하도록 효율적인 산업단지 공급계획 수립 및 지역별 차이분석을 통한 산업입지 이론의 실증자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

기업을 둘러싼 내·외부 환경 특성이 기업혁신 및 타 산업 진출의도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구 : 기술 활용을 중심으로

이지훈,강태욱,강준모 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회 2022 한국엔터테인먼트산업학회논문지 Vol.16 No.3

Based on previous studies, this study examines the internal and external environment surrounding a company (small market size, high competition intensity, new technology security, government support) and the perception, corporate innovation, and intention to enter other industries judged by decision makers within the company. and a research model were established. After empirical analysis based on the established research model, based on this, it was attempted to suggest the business direction for entertainment companies to advance into other industries. Therefore, the implications of this study are as follows. First, entertainment companies should strive to conduct joint research through exchanges and relationships between companies, and furthermore, companies should create an environment in which they can innovate and come up with ways to cope with the changing future. Second, entertainment companies will have to develop new content that can cope with the fun factor through exchanges and research between companies, and for their innovation, they should collaborate with external companies recognizing that cooperation and shared growth are important. Third, entertainment companies should focus on research so that they can discover new content and fun elements on their own, and create unique content elements that can differentiate themselves from other companies in line with recent issues. In addition, instead of focusing only on closed research, it is necessary to pay attention to corporate innovation through joint research with business partners or competitors. Fourth, entertainment companies will have to present the necessary contents within the industry, focusing on related government agencies and local governments, in detail, taking into consideration the size of the company and its history in the market. In addition, in addition to supporting technology development, sales, and utility models, it is necessary to pay attention to industrial innovation by forming a detailed support system such as content quality improvement and support for discovering core technologies within the company. Lastly, entertainment companies need continuous information about changes in ICT and changes in consumer needs. In addition, it will be necessary to establish a business system with various companies by expanding the size of the market through organization, business unit, and technological innovation.

한국 지식집약서비스업의 기술혁신성과 영향요인분석

이재화(Lee, Jae Hwa),김병근(Kim, Byung Keun) 한국서비스경영학회 2016 서비스경영학회지 Vol.17 No.3

This paper attempts to investigate determinants of the performance of technological innovation of KIBS(knowledge-intensive business service) industries in Korea. KIBS industries have a significant influence on innovation activities across the whole economy by providing R&D services and specialized technical knowledge to companies in other industries. KIBS also carry out leading R&D and innovation itself. We have identified internal capabilities and environmental factors that shape the performance of technological innovation in KIBS industries. Using data from the 2015 on small or medium business technologies in Korea we test which factors influence technological innovation performance. Firms’ capabilities including innovativeness, R&D capabilities, and technical level and Government supports appear to effect performance positively. Product life cycle shows negative effect on the performance as is expected. Breath of collaborations shows negative effects on the performance. The effect of industry structure measured by CR3 on the performance is not statistically significant. Furthermore we examine determinants of technological innovation in two different KIBS industries categorized as information network sector and specialized suppliers/science based sector. Innovativeness and technological level show statistically positive effect on the performance in information networks sector while R&D capabilities and technical level exhibit statistically positive effect on the performance in specialized suppliers/science based sector. Depth of collaboration appears to effect positively on the performance in information networks sector while breadth of collaboration show negative effect on the performance in specialized suppliers/science based sector. Government supports appears to effect positively on the performance in specialized suppliers/science based sector while they are not statistically significant in information networks sector. Product life cycle shows positive effects on the performance in information networks sector while it exhibits negative effects on the performance in specialized suppliers/science based sector.

외부 R&D가 혁신 효율성에 미치는 영향 분석 : 국내 제조 산업을 중심으로

이지영(Jiyoung Lee),김철연(Chulyeon Kim),최경현(Gyunghyun Choi) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2016 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.39 No.4

The external R&D, which includes the adoption of the external technology and knowledge in addition to the internal R&D, is one of important factors for the innovation. Especially for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs), the external R&D has been considered as a key factor to carry out the innovation more efficiently due to the limitations of their resources and capacities. However, most of extant studies related to external R&D have focused on analyzing the influence of external R&D on innovation outputs or outcomes. Only a few studies have explored the impact of external R&D on the innovation efficiency. This study therefore investigates whether the external R&D effects the industry’s innovation efficiency and productivity. On this study, we used Korean manufacturing industry data of SMEs from 2012 to 2014 and employed a global Malmquist productivity analysis technique, which is based on the Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), to assess the innovation efficiency and productivity. Innovation performances of external R&D group and internal R&D group are compared. Then, the sectoral patterns of both innovation efficiency and productivity are analyzed with respect to the technological intensity, which is introduced by OECD. The results show that the gap of innovation efficiency between external and internal R&D groups has gradually decreased because of the continuous improvement of the external R&D group’s performance, while the external R&D group lag behind the internal R&D group. In addition, patterns of the innovation efficiency and productivity change were different depending on the technological intensity, which means that the higher the technological intensity, the greater the effect of external R&D.