대학의 학습역량강화 프로그램 목표치 설정 방안 탐색

박은숙 ( Eunsook Park ) 사단법인 아시아문화학술원 2021 인문사회 21 Vol.12 No.5

본 연구는 프로그램의 목표치 설정에 대한 이론적 연구 및 방법론에 대한 탐구를 통해 학습역량강화 프로그램의 목표치 설정 방안을 고안하고, 현재 K대학에서 운영하고 있는 학습역량강화 프로그램에 대한 목표치를 도출하는 것을 목표로 한다. 연구 결과, 학습역량강화 프로그램의 기준치 및 목표치를 도출하였고 이를 바탕으로 프로그램에 대한 조정치, 구간치, 우수 등급 구간을 고안하였으며 2021년도 학습역량강화 프로그램의 참여도, 만족도, 학습역량의 평가척도를 도출하였다. 이러한 연구 결과를 바탕으로 실제 현장에서의 목표치 설정의 어려움, 선행연구 및 사례 부족으로 인한 대학에서의 적용의 어려움 등과 같은 연구의 한계점과 시사점을 제시하였다. 또한 향후 과제로 목표치 설정을 통한 프로그램 효과와 문제점 분석을 지속적으로 운영하여 축적된 데이터 자료들을 종합·분석하는 과정을 통해 대학 환경과 실정에 맞는 목표치 설정 방법이 고안되어야 함을 제안하였다. The purpose of this study is to explore the literature on the method of setting the target value of the learning reinforcing program in the University to improve the outcome of the programs and the result of the program evaluation, and deduct the value target of the learning reinforcing program in K university. As the result, the standard and the target value of the learning enforcing program is made and based on this, the balancing value, interval value, and rating of good degree of programs is deducted, and the valuation standard of learning reinforcing program in 2021 is made. Based on this result, this study suggested the limitation and the implementation of the research such as the difficulty of setting the target value in the field, lacking of the case and preceding research, and applying in the university. And this study also proposed the further tasks such as the target value setting method that fits to the University environment and field situation through the continual process of the data collection and analysis by finding out the effectiveness and the analysis of the problem by setting the target value.

핵의학 검체검사 정도관리의 개선을 위한 Westgard Multi-Rules의 적용

정흥수,배진수,신용환,김지영,석재동,Jung, Heung-Soo,Bae, Jin-Soo,Shin, Yong-Hwan,Kim, Ji-Young,Seok, Jae-Dong 대한핵의학기술학회 2012 핵의학 기술 Vol.16 No.1

Levey-Jennings 정도관리는 측정치가 관리 허용치(평균 ${\pm}2SD$ 또는 ${\pm}3SD$)를 벗어나는 우연오차만 관리를 했었다면, Westgard Multi-Rules 정도관리는 우연오차와 계통오차의 분리분석을 할 수 있고 복합적용이 가능해 병원 인증 내부정도관리에서도 적극 권장하고 있다. 하지만 검체검사 정도관리에서는 kit 내 같은 기질의 정도관리 물질을 사용해 계통오차의 인지가 쉽지 않고 잦은 농도 변경으로 목표치 설정이 어려워 Westgard Multi-Rules의 적용이 힘들었다. 따라서 본 연구는 정도관리 물질을 상용화된 제 3의 물질을 사용해 신뢰성 있는 목표치를 산출하고 Westgard Multi-Rules을 적용함으로써 정도관리를 개선하고자 한다. 갑상선 검사인 Total T3를 대상으로 정도관리 물질을 B사의 Immunoassay Plus Control Level 1, 2, 3를 사용하여 ${\pm}2SD$를 벗어난 값을 제외한 1개월 동안 295회 데이터의 평균값으로 목표치를 설정하였다. 그리고 20일간 총 194회 실험의 정도관리 물질 측정치를 표준편차 지수를 이용하여 하나의 관리도상에 놓고 Westgard Multi-Rules 중 12s, 22s, 13s, 2 of 32s, R4s, 41s, $10\bar{x}$, 7T의 규칙들을 적용하여 우연오차와 계통오차를 분리하여 분석하였다. Total T3의 목표치는 정도관리 물질 1, 2, 3번이 각각 84.2 ng/dl, 156.7 ng/dl, 242.4 ng/dl로 설정되었고 표준편차는 각각 11.22 ng/dl, 14.52 ng/dl, 14.52 ng/dl로 설정되었다. 설정된 목표치를 기준으로 Westgard Multi-Rules을 적용한 뒤 유형을 분석한 결과 우연오차인 12s가 48회, 13s가 13회, R4s가 6회로 분석되었고 계통오차인 22s는 10회, 41s가 11회, 2 of 32s가 17회, $10\bar{x}$가 10회로 분석되었으며 7T는 적용되어지지 않았다. 통제 불가능한 우연오차의 유형들은 전체실험과정을 재확인하고 재검사 비중을 높이는 등의 조치를 취하였으며 통제 가능한 계통오차의 유형들은 원인을 찾아 조치사항 양식에 기록하고 필요 시 내부정도관리 위원회에 보고하였다. 상용화된 제 3의 물질을 정도관리 물질로 사용하고 목표치를 설정함에 따라 하나의 관리도 상에서 3가지 정도관리 물질에 대한 Westgard Multi-Rules의 적용이 가능하게 되었고, 그 결과 12s, 22s, 13s, 2 of 32s, R4s, 41s, $10\bar{x}$, 7T 규칙들의 분석으로 우연오차와 계통오차의 정밀분석이 가능해 졌다. 또한 ${\pm}3SD$ 내의 모든 데이터를 분석 할 수 있어 Error 검출을 최대화 할 수 있게 되었다. 이와 같이 체계적으로 Westgard Multi-Rules을 적용한 정도관리는 검체검사의 정도관리에 질적 향상을 가져다 줄 것이다. Purpose: The Levey-Jennings chart controlled measurement values that deviated from the tolerance value (mean ${\pm}2SD$ or ${\pm}3SD$). On the other hand, the upgraded Westgard Multi-Rules are actively recommended as a more efficient, specialized form of hospital certification in relation to Internal Quality Control. To apply Westgard Multi-Rules in quality control, credible quality control substance and target value are required. However, as physical examinations commonly use quality control substances provided within the test kit, there are many difficulties presented in the calculation of target value in relation to frequent changes in concentration value and insufficient credibility of quality control substance. This study attempts to improve the professionalism and credibility of quality control by applying Westgard Multi-Rules and calculating credible target value by using a commercialized quality control substance. Materials and Methods : This study used Immunoassay Plus Control Level 1, 2, 3 of Company B as the quality control substance of Total T3, which is the thyroid test implemented at the relevant hospital. Target value was established as the mean value of 295 cases collected for 1 month, excluding values that deviated from ${\pm}2SD$. The hospital quality control calculation program was used to enter target value. 12s, 22s, 13s, 2 of 32s, R4s, 41s, $10\bar{x}$, 7T of Westgard Multi-Rules were applied in the Total T3 experiment, which was conducted 194 times for 20 days in August. Based on the applied rules, this study classified data into random error and systemic error for analysis. Results: Quality control substances 1, 2, and 3 were each established as 84.2 ng/$dl$, 156.7 ng/$dl$, 242.4 ng/$dl$ for target values of Total T3, with the standard deviation established as 11.22 ng/$dl$, 14.52 ng/$dl$, 14.52 ng/$dl$ respectively. According to error type analysis achieved after applying Westgard Multi-Rules based on established target values, the following results were obtained for Random error, 12s was analyzed 48 times, 13s was analyzed 13 times, R4s was analyzed 6 times, for Systemic error, 22s was analyzed 10 times, 41s was analyzed 11 times, 2 of 32s was analyzed 17 times, $10\bar{x}$ was analyzed 10 times, and 7T was not applied. For uncontrollable Random error types, the entire experimental process was rechecked and greater emphasis was placed on re-testing. For controllable Systemic error types, this study searched the cause of error, recorded the relevant cause in the action form and reported the information to the Internal Quality Control committee if necessary. Conclusions : This study applied Westgard Multi-Rules by using commercialized substance as quality control substance and establishing target values. In result, precise analysis of Random error and Systemic error was achieved through the analysis of 12s, 22s, 13s, 2 of 32s, R4s, 41s, $10\bar{x}$, 7T rules. Furthermore, ideal quality control was achieved through analysis conducted on all data presented within the range of ${\pm}3SD$. In this regard, it can be said that the quality control method formed based on the systematic application of Westgard Multi-Rules is more effective than the Levey-Jennings chart and can maximize error detection.

연구논문 : 구조론적 가치체계에서 본 인간 복제 논의

안승병 한국대학선교학회 2004 대학과 선교 Vol.7 No.-

The aim of this article is to analyze the current debate on human cloning within the framework of the structural value system. In particular, the ethical and religious implications of human cloning were surveyed in regards to the human genome project, human embryo cloning, and human cloning. Positions on human cloning technology can be divided into three broad categories. The first category includes those who embrace cloning technology, emphasizing the efficacy of that technology. The second group takes a negative position on human cloning owing to their strict and absolute view of life. There is a middle group between these two extremes, which takes a more cautious position on cloning. This group admits the usefulness of cloning technology, but insists upon the necessity of strict regulation of this technology. This article attempts to associate these three positions with structural value systems. Structural value systems have three layers: basic value targets, ultimate ends, approximate goals. What is the ultimate end of human beings? Experimentalism describes basic human need as the catalyst which makes human beings act in a certain direction. In that analysis, experimentalism explains why humans have failed to uphold their absolute obligations. In the basic value system, philosophers associate basic human needs with value. Physical needs compel humans to seek money. Intellectual needs compel them to seek power. Emotional needs compel people to seek reputation. The attempts of various individuals to meet these needs results in a conflict of desires among individuals and groups. These conflicts maybe resolved by compromise, eventually leading to fair distribution. The approximate value system defines this fair distribution as "justice." If this justice is to become genuine justice, it must attain the ultimate values of love, freedom and peace. Among these three value systems, the basic value system, seeking to fulfill basic needs such as money, power, reputation and health, will be positively associated with the position which advocates the usefulness of cloning technology. The "ultimate end" philosophers, emphasizing human dignity and the sanctity of life, and who usually pursue peace, freedom and love for humankind, will take a negative position regarding human cloning technology. Those people advocating cautious permission for cloning think that there are fair and justifiable regulations and controls which can resolve the conflict and confusion arising from freely seeking basic needs. This group can be associated with the approximate value system. Ultimate end philosophers take an unrealistic position. That is a weakness. The approximate value position can offer a realistic alternative in the pursuit of justice. In other words, in applying the ideal of ultimate love to reality, there must be some kind of compromise for justice. In the context of human cloning, cautious permission, which not only advocates ultimate value, but also recognizes the realistic need for cloning, can be defined as an approximate approach to human cloning. This approach, while warning of the dangers involved in human cloning, insists on taking responsibility for ultimate human value and considering potential damage to the ecological system. An example of the cautious permission approach toward embryo cloning experimentation which aims to utilize stem cell research would be to replace it with adult stem cell research in order to uphold the principle of ultimate ends which cherishes human dignity. Author opposes the cloning of human individuals using cloning technology due to the lack of an approximate alternative which can protect human dignity.

적정 건물 설계를 위한 Target Costing 개념 제안

안준석 한국건축시공학회 2010 한국건축시공학회지 Vol.10 No.6

Target Costing(목표원가)은 변화가 심한 시장상황을 위해사용되는 새로운 원가 관리 방안으로 시장 상황에 따라 제품의 가격을 고정하고, 고정된 제품가격에서 기업의 이익과 비용을 차감함으로써 산출하는 시장 지향적 원가산출 방법이다. 본 논문은 프로젝트 개발에서부터 원가 관리의 개념을 도입하는 Target Costing의 개념을 고찰함을 목적으로 한다. “낭비의 최소화, 가치의 최대화“는 프로젝트의 기획 단계에서건물의 적정 설계 가이드라인을 설정함으로써 얻을 수 있다. 이러한 효과적 예산 관리 방법은 한국의 호화청사 건설 문제를 타개 방안이 될 수 있을 것이다. Target Costing is a modern cost management technique used in changeable market conditions. The target cost is set by subtracting the sum of production costs and profits from the market price. The purpose of this present study is to review Target Costing as a useful concept which integrates the project development process with cost management. “Minimum Waste, Maximum Value” could be achieved by setting up guidelines for optimal building design at the beginning of the project development phase. This effective budget management method will help rectify Korea's overspending problems in the area of government building construction projects.

배출권거래제 할당기업의 ESG 평가와 기업가치의 관계 연구

심선택,신동훈 (사)위기관리이론과실천 2024 Crisisonomy Vol.20 No.2

본 연구는 한국의 탄소배출 넷제로를 위한 환경정책 수단인 탄소 배출권거래제가 기업가치에 미치는영향을 분석하고자 하였다. 이를 위해 배출권거래제의 목표관리제 시행기간인 2011년부터 2022년까지의제1차~제3차 계획기간 동안에 할당된 국내 유가증권시장 상장기업 214개를 표본으로 선정하였다. 기업의 재무데이터와 한국ESG기준원(KCGS)에서 평가한 환경(E), 사회(S), 지배구조(G) 평가 등급을 활용하여 Tobin-Q(기업 가치)에 주는 영향을 실증적으로 검토하였다. 또한, 배출권거래제의 각 계획기간이기업가치에 미치는 영향에 대한 분석도 병행하였다. 분석결과에 의하면 탄소 배출권거래제를 시행하면서 할당된 기업들의 환경(E), 사회(S), 지배구조(G) 평가 점수는 기업가치와 유의미한 양(+)의 관계를보였다. 즉, E, S, G 각각의 평가 점수가 높은 기업일수록 기업가치가 상승하는 경향을 확인할 수 있었다. 그러나 배출권거래제의 각 계획기간, 목표관리제 시행기간과 1차부터 3차 계획기간이 기업가치에 미치는 영향은 통계적으로 유의미하다고 보기 어려웠다. 이 결과는 각 계획기간에 따라 기업가치에 미치는영향이 달라질 수 있음을 시사하며, 이에 대한 추가적인 연구의 필요성을 제시하였다. This research analyzed the impact of Korea's carbon emission trading system, a policy tool for net-zero carbon emissions, on corporate value. We selected 214 listed companies from 2011 to 2022, assigned to the management period and the 1-3 planning periods of the emission trading system, as samples. Using financial data and ESG ratings, we empirically analyzed their impact on corporate value, but found no significant effect from each planning period of the emission trading system. However, we found a positive correlation between high ESG ratings and increased corporate value, suggesting that the impact on corporate value may vary depending on the planning period and further research is needed. In a simplified form, the study analyzed the impact of the carbon emission trading system on corporate value and found that companies with higher ESG ratings tended to have increased value. However, the impact of each planning period of the trading system on corporate value was unclear, indicating that the effects may vary by planning period and further research is necessary.

잠수함 무기체계 RAM 목표 값 설정 방식의 개선방안

정순욱(Sun-uk Jung),심행근(Hang-geun Shim),최명진(Myoung-jin Choi) 한국산학기술학회 2020 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.21 No.4

잠수함과 같은 대형 복합무기체계는 일반적인 무기체계의 램(RAM: Reliability, Availability, Maintainability) 목표 값 설정 방법을 적용 및 검증하는 것은 제한적이다. 잠수함은 소나체계, 무장체계 등 다수의 무기체계로 구성되어 있어 운용형태종합 및 임무(OMS: Operational Mode Summary/MP: Mission Profile)의 다양성, 장비의 복잡성 등의 특성을 갖는 복합무기체계이기 때문이다. 따라서 기존 무기체계의 개발사례 즉, 램 목표 값 설정 사례를 분석하고, 사례에 대한 문제점 및 제한사항을 도출하여 잠수함의 램 목표 값 설정 및 검증을 위한 개선방안을 제시하였다. 또한 잠수함은 다른 무기체계와는 달리 전 세계지역을 운용환경으로 하며, 서로 다른 운용조건 및 정비조건을 가진다. 이런 이유로, 잠수함의 램 목표 값은 구성하는 모든 구성품이 아닌, 임무 필수장비와 임무 중요장비를 중심으로 설정하고 검증해야 한다. 이에 본 연구는 잠수함건조 국방획득사업 추진시 잠수함의 체계 및 장비의 물리적인 성능요구와 더불어, 요구되는 성능 램 목표 값 설정에 대하여 검증하는 방법을 잠수함의 특성을 고려한 현실성 있는 방안을 제시하였다. In the case of large combined weapon systems, such as submarines, the application, and verification of methods of setting the reliability, availability, and maintainability (RAM) target values for conventional weapon systems are limited. Submarines are complex weapon systems with the characteristics of the diversity of operation mode summary and mission profiles (OMS/MP) as well as equipment complexity because they are composed of multiple weapon systems, such as sonar systems and armed systems. Therefore, this study analyzed the development cases of existing weapon systems, i.e., the RAM target value-setting cases, and derived the problems and limitations of the cases to present measures to improve the setting and verification of the ram target values of submarines. In addition, submarines operate around the world and have different operating and maintenance conditions. Therefore, a submarine"s ram target values should be set and verified centering on the mission essential equipment and mission critical equipment, instead of all components that constitute weapon systems. This study examined a method to verify the required performance RAM target-value setting, considering the characteristics of submarines as well as the physical performance requirements for the systems and equipment of submarines that must be considered when implementing national defense acquisition projects for submarines.

Development of Expected Loss Capability Index Using Reflected Normal Loss Function

Dong-Jin Chun(전동진),Young-Bae Chung(정영배) 한국산업경영시스템학회 2017 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.40 No.1

Process quality control, which prevents problems and risks that may occur in products and processes, has been recognized as an important issue, and SPC techniques have been used for this purpose. Process Capability Index (PCI) is useful Statistical Process Control (SPC) tool that is measure of process diagnostic and assessment tools widely use in industrial field. It has advantage of easy to calculate and easy to use in the field. Cp and Cpk are traditional PCIs. These traditional Cp and Cpk were used only as a measure of process capability, taking into account the quality variance or the bias of the process mean. These are not given information about the characteristic value does not match the target value of the process and this has the disadvantage that it is difficult to assess the economic losses that may arise in the enterprise. Studies of this process capability index by many scholars actively for supplement of its disadvantage. These studies to evaluate the capability of situation of various field has presented a new process capability index. Cpm is considers both the process variation and the process deviation from target value. And Cpm + is considers economic loss for the process deviation from target value. In this paper we developed an improved Expected Loss Capability Index using Reflected Normal Loss Function of Spring. This has the advantage that it is easy to realistically reflect the loss when the specification is asymmetric around the target value. And check the correlation between existing traditional process capability index (Cpk) and new one. Finally, we propose the criteria for classification about developed process capability index.

역정규 손실함수를 이용한 기대손실 능력지수의 개발

전동진,정영배 한국산업경영시스템학회 2017 한국산업경영시스템학회지 Vol.40 No.1

Process quality control, which prevents problems and risks that may occur in products and processes, has been recognized as an important issue, and SPC techniques have been used for this purpose. Process Capability Index (PCI) is useful Statistical Process Control (SPC) tool that is measure of process diagnostic and assessment tools widely use in industrial field. It has advantage of easy to calculate and easy to use in the field. Cp and Cpk are traditional PCIs. These traditional Cp and Cpk were used only as a measure of process capability, taking into account the quality variance or the bias of the process mean. These are not given information about the characteristic value does not match the target value of the process and this has the disadvantage that it is difficult to assess the economic losses that may arise in the enterprise. Studies of this process capability index by many scholars actively for supplement of its disadvantage. These studies to evaluate the capability of situation of various field has presented a new process capability index. Cpm is considers both the process variation and the process deviation from target value. And Cpm + is considers economic loss for the process deviation from target value. In this paper we developed an improved Expected Loss Capability Index using Reflected Normal Loss Function of Spring. This has the advantage that it is easy to realistically reflect the loss when the specification is asymmetric around the target value. And check the correlation between existing traditional process capability index (Cpk) and new one. Finally, we propose the criteria for classification about developed process capability index.

달 궤도 진입 목표값 변화에 따른 궤도요소 변화 연구

최수진,김인규,문상만,민승용,류동영,Choi, Su-Jin,Kim, In-Kyu,Moon, Sang-Man,Min, SeungYong,Rew, Dong-Young 항공우주시스템공학회 2015 항공우주시스템공학회지 Vol.9 No.4

Korea Aerospace Research Institute(here after KARI) has a plan to launch experimental lunar orbiter in 2018, and lunar orbiter and lander in 2020. There are several ways to go to the moon. Which one is direct transfer trajectory and another one is phasing loop transfer trajectory and the other one is WSB trajectory. Regardless of the transfer trajectories, LOI maneuver is the most important maneuver of all mission sequences because if this burn is failed, it is too difficult to get into the lunar orbit in the future. This paper describes first LOI target value of foreign lunar orbiters and analyzes orbital variations of experimental lunar orbiter according to various target values. By analyzing the variation of orbiter parameter after first LOI, proper orbital period for LOI target value are recommended to meet the inclination, apoapsis and periapsis altitude constraints.

터널 내화용 시멘트계 재료의 개발 및 성능 평가

원종필(Won Jong Pil),최석원(Choi Seok Won),박찬기(Park Chan Gi),박해균(Park Hae Kyun) 대한토목학회 2006 대한토목학회논문집 C Vol.26 No.4

본 연구의 터널 내화용 시멘트계 재료의 역학적 특성 및 내화성능을 평가하는 것이다. 이와 같은 목적을 달성하기 위하여 본 연구의 과정은 세단계로 나눌 수 있다. 첫 번째 과정은 서로 다른 종류의 재료를 이용하여 내화시험을 실시한 후 기본 배합비를 결정하는 것이다. 두 번째 과정으로 기본 배합비의 성능을 평가하기 위하여 내화특성 시험을 실시하였다. 세 번째 과정으로 내화용 시멘트계 재료의 성능을 목표성능 및 기존 상용제품과 비교하였다. 개발된 내화용 시멘트계 재료가 목표값을 만족하면 연구를 멈추었고, 만족하지 못한다면 첫 번째 과정으로 돌아가 반복 시험을 실시하였다. 연구결과 개발된 제품 및 상용제품 모두 화재에 의한 폭렬이 발생하지 않았다. 또한 개발된 내화용 시멘트계 재료는 밀도가 큰 골재를 사용하여 우수한 압축강도, 휨감도 및 부착강도를 보여주었으며, 충분한 화재에 대한 저항성을 확보할 수 있었다. This study aims at evaluation of the fire resistance performance of cementitious materials for fire protection of tunnel. For this purpose, the research procedure was divided into three parts. First, base mix proportion with different material type were determined by fire test. Second, the fire test of cementitious materials for fire resistance were performed on base mix proportions to evaluated their performance. Third, the performance of cementitious materials for fire resistance compare to the target value and existing commercial products. If the performance of developed cemetitious materials for fire resistance were satisfied the target value, this studies were stopped. But, this research return to first process if the performance of cementitious materials for fire resistance are not satisfied the target value. As a result of this study, the spalling did not happen for develop and existing commercial product. Also, developed cementitious materials for fire resistance are shown with excellent compressive strength, flexural strength, and bond strength, because it used a height density aggregate. And developed cementitious materials has sufficient resistance for fire.