1930년대 ‘자력갱생’론의 연원과 식민지 지배 이데올로기화

최희정 한국근현대사학회 2012 한국 근현대사 연구 Vol.63 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to study the origin of ‘self-help(自力更生)’, slogan of The Rural Revitalization Campaign(農村振興運動) of Colonial Korea in the 1930’s. Specifically, I try to relate the concept of ‘self-help’ with the discourse on ‘self-help’ of Colonial Korea in the 1920’s and the Meiji period of Japan. ‘self-help’ itself is the keyword of Self-Help written by Samuel Smiles in 1859. Self-Help was all about the individual who succeeded in business with diligence and endurance. I found that ‘self-help’, which came from the keyword of Self-Help, was used by The Japanese Government-General of Korea(朝鮮總督府) in the 1930’s. That is to say, the meaning of ‘self-help’ is similar to one’s personal success(立身成功) during Colonial Korea in the 1920’s and the Meiji period of Japan. There were some reasons why ‘self-help’ had been selected by The Japanese Government-General of Korea in the 1930’s. The first reason was that ‘self-help’ had been used as a ruling ideology at The Revitalizing National Mental Campaign (國民精神作興運動) of Japan in 1923. It was also used as a ruling ideology of The Revitalizing National Mental Campaign and The Rural Revitalization Campaign of Colonial Korea in 1932. In short, ‘self-help’, as a ruling ideology of The Japanese Government-General of Korea in the 1930’s, was affected by Japan in 1923. The other reason is that ‘self-help’ had meant the same thing as one’s personal success in the 1920’s. When Nakamura Masanao(中村正直) translated Self-Help by Samuel Smiles, to Japanese -Saikokurissihen(西國立志編: 原名 自助論)- in 1871, it was regarded as a guide book to lead one’s personal success. But when Self-Help was translated into Korean in the late Great Han Empire period, it was’t regarded as a guide book to lead one’s personal success like in the Meiji period of Japan. At that time, the concept of ‘self-help’, the keyword of Self-Help, had the same meaning as the concept of ‘Self-Strengthening(自强)’ of the late Great Han Empire period. In 1920’s, it was finally changed to mean one’s personal success. To be brief, There were two reasons that ‘self-help’ had been selected by The Japanese Government-General of Korea in the 1930’s. One thing is the relationship between the colonial motherland of Japan and Colonial Korea. A ruling ideology in Japan was able to impact Colonial Korean society since Japan had occupied Korea in 1910. The other thing is an international aspect in Colonial Korea. Before ‘self-help’ was selected as a ruling ideology by the Government-General of Korea in the 1930’s, it had been used by the people of a different position in Colonial Korea, from Colonial Korea intellectuals to the powers of The Japanese Government-General of Korea. Although they were all in different positions, both of them did not deny that the concept of ‘self-help’ had the same meaning as one’s personal success. In conclusion, ‘self-help’ was the most important international aspect in Colonial Korea that The Japanese Government-General of Korea had selected in the 1930’s. The purpose of this paper is to study the origin of ‘self-help(自力更生)’, slogan of The Rural Revitalization Campaign(農村振興運動) of Colonial Korea in the 1930’s. Specifically, I try to relate the concept of ‘self-help’ with the discourse on ‘self-help’ of Colonial Korea in the 1920’s and the Meiji period of Japan. ‘self-help’ itself is the keyword of Self-Help written by Samuel Smiles in 1859. Self-Help was all about the individual who succeeded in business with diligence and endurance. I found that ‘self-help’, which came from the keyword of Self-Help, was used by The Japanese Government-General of Korea(朝鮮總督府) in the 1930’s. That is to say, the meaning of ‘self-help’ is similar to one’s personal success(立身成功) during Colonial Korea in the 1920’s and the Meiji period of Japan. There were some reasons why ‘self-help’ had been selected by The Japanese Government-General of Korea in the 1930’s. The first reason was that ‘self-help’ had been used as a ruling ideology at The Revitalizing National Mental Campaign (國民精神作興運動) of Japan in 1923. It was also used as a ruling ideology of The Revitalizing National Mental Campaign and The Rural Revitalization Campaign of Colonial Korea in 1932. In short, ‘self-help’, as a ruling ideology of The Japanese Government-General of Korea in the 1930’s, was affected by Japan in 1923. The other reason is that ‘self-help’ had meant the same thing as one’s personal success in the 1920’s. When Nakamura Masanao(中村正直) translated Self-Help by Samuel Smiles, to Japanese -Saikokurissihen(西國立志編: 原名 自助論)- in 1871, it was regarded as a guide book to lead one’s personal success. But when Self-Help was translated into Korean in the late Great Han Empire period, it was’t regarded as a guide book to lead one’s personal success like in the Meiji period of Japan. At that time, the concept of ‘self-help’, the keyword of Self-Help, had the same meaning as the concept of ‘Self-Strengthening(自强)’ of the late Great Han Empire period. In 1920’s, it was finally changed to mean one’s personal success. To be brief, There were two reasons that ‘self-help’ had been selected by The Japanese Government-General of Korea in the 1930’s. One thing is the relationship between the colonial motherland of Japan and Colonial Korea. A ruling ideology in Japan was able to impact Colonial Korean society since Japan had occupied Korea in 1910. The other thing is an international aspect in Colonial Korea. Before ‘self-help’ was selected as a ruling ideology by the Government-General of Korea in the 1930’s, it had been used by the people of a different position in Colonial Korea, from Colonial Korea intellectuals to the powers of The Japanese Government-General of Korea. Although they were all in different positions, both of them did not deny that the concept of ‘self-help’ had the same meaning as one’s personal success. In conclusion, ‘self-help’ was the most important international aspect in Colonial Korea that The Japanese Government-General of Korea had selected in the 1930’s.

개인 커뮤니티 몰입에 대한 자아표현 및 동일시의 역할

최낙환,이창원 한국마케팅학회 2007 ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL Vol.9 No.3

It can be explained by congruity theory as a process that consumers engage in a matching process to identify personal community that is congruent with their self-images to find the identification between the self and the personal community. Personal community cues that evoke certain images are viewed as activating similar beliefs about the self (e.g., high status). Individuals prompt a comparison process to determine whether the personal community and self-image are congruent and imagine prototypical users of the personal community and select ones that maximize similarity to their actual or desired self-concept.Identity is devided into personal identity and social identity. Consumers are likely to be influenced by both personal identity and social identity.In this article the influencing factors of the commitment to on-line personal community are explored by the sources of both personal identification and social identification.The results are as follows. The maintenance expression and enhancement expression of personal self influence the level of personal identification positively and the maintenance expression and enhancement expression of social self influence the level of social identification positively. The level of both social and personal identification positively influence the commitment to on-line personal community which gives positive responses to the source enterprise that allows the cyberspace and the other benefits to be used. 기업의 충성도 높은 고객 유치 및 기업 몰입을 위한 하나의 방안으로 대두되고 있는 온라인 개인 커뮤니티의 경우 개인이 미니홈피를 창조하여, 자신을 표현하고 관리하여 커뮤니티를 구축하고, 커뮤니티와 상호작용하면서 자신을 표현하기 때문에 온라인 개인 커뮤니티와 자아간의 연결인 동일시에 대한 연구가 중요함에도 불구하고 아직까지 이에 대한 연구가 이루어지지 않고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 온라인 개인 커뮤니티 몰입에 대한 동일시의 역할과 동일시에 영향을 미치는 자아표현의 효과를 살펴보는데 연구 목적이 있다. 개인 미니홈피를 싸이월드에서 이용하는 소비자들을 대상으로 검증한 결과 첫째, 개인적 실제자아 표현과 개인적 이상자아 표현은 개인적 동일시에 영향을 미치고, 사회적 실제자아 표현과 사회적 이상자아 표현은 사회적 동일시에 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 개인적 동일시와 사회적 동일시는 모두 온라인 개인 커뮤니티 몰입에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 것을 알 수 있으며, 온라인 개인 커뮤니티 몰입 수준이 높을수록 원천 기업에 대한 반응은 좋게 나타나는 것을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 소비자들의 개인적 동일시와 사회적 동일시를 높여주기 위해서 온라인 개인 커뮤니티내의 상호작용 활동 및 정보제공의 용이성과 개인의 표현력을 높여줄 아이템의 개발이 있어야만 할 것이다.

역할스트레스와 개인 창의성 간의 관계에 대한 실증연구: 창의적 자아효능감과 자기주도성의 매개역할

허명숙 ( Myung Sook Heo ),천면중 ( Myun Joong Cheon ) 한국정보시스템학회 2013 情報시스템硏究 Vol.22 No.2

Personal creativity is critically important for organizations seeking to survive and thrive in today`s highly turbulent business environments. Organizations must effectively identify and mobilize the creative resources of their members. When organizational members perceive a work environment that restricts or fails to encourage individual creative expression, a gap may exist between the level of individual creative potential and the actual amount of individual creativity practiced within the organization. In this situation, this paper will examine the impact of role conflict, role ambiguity, creative self-efficacy, and personal initiative on personal creativity. Creative self-efficacy is the subjective belief in one`s personal ability to be creative, that is, a personal assessment of one`s own creative potential. A strong internal belief in one`s ability to successfully engage in creative behaviors is generally considered an important part of the creative process. Personal Initiative refers to behaviors, mainly directed toward work and organizational issues, that are characterized by the following aspects: self-starting, proactive, and persistent in overcoming barriers. Creativity-related creative self-efficacy and personal initiative are critical components to understand motivation that coordinates the relationship between perception and behavior of individual employees. Based on role theory, researchers have focused on role conflict and role ambiguity as the two key ingredients of role stress. Role ambiguity is defined as an evaluation about the lack of salient information needed to perform a role effectively. Role conflict results from two or more sets of incompatible demands involving work-related issues. Employees are usually pursued work-roles more than one in work-focused organization. Too many work-roles and perceived uncertainties at employee`s work can be obstacles to personal creativity. In an analysis of results, while role conflict is not negatively related significantly to creative self-efficacy, role ambiguity is negatively related significantly to creative self-efficacy. While role conflict is significantly related to personal creativity, role ambiguity is negatively related significantly to personal creativity. Creative self-efficacy mediates the relationship among role conflict, role ambiguity, and employee creativity. Personal initiative mediates the relationship between creative self-efficacy and employee creativity. This paper shows that creative self-efficacy and personal initiative are the driving force behind personal creativity. Organizations can get some implications of creative-related role conflict and role ambiguity that employees have experienced. As a result, organizations must not only encourage creativity of employees by greater involvement but also encourage their input towards their-focused own works and tasks. And employees should be developed to pace with the organizational needs and development. Management must enable employees to think of new ideas and practices that promotes personal creativity.

온라인 개인 커뮤니티 몰입에 대한 개인적 동일시와 사회적 동일시의 역할에 관한 연구

최낙환(Nak Hwan Choi),이창원(Chang Won Lee),김종호(Jong Ho Kim) 한국마케팅과학회 2006 한국마케팅과학회 학술대회 발표 논문집 Vol.- No.-

It can be explaned by congruity theory as a process that consumers engage in a matching process to identify brands that are congruent with their self-images to find the identification between the self and the brand. Brand cues that evoke certain images (e.g., prestige) are viewed as activating similar beliefs about the self (e.g., high status). Individuals prompt a comparison process to determine whether the brand and self-image are congruent and imagine prototypical users of alternative brands and select ones that maximize similarity to their actual or desired self-concept. Identity is devided into personal identity and social identity. Consumers are likely to be influenced by both personal identity and social identity. In this article the influencing factors of the commitment to on-line personal community are explored by the sources of both personal identification and social identification. The results are as follows. The maintenance and enhancement of personal self influences the level of personal identification positively and the maintenance and enhancement of social self influences the level of social identification positively. The level of both social and personal identification positively influence the commitment to on-line personal community which gives positive affects to the enterprise that allows the cyberspace and the other benefits to be used.

The Roles of Self-Expression and Identification on thePersonal Community Commitment

Choi, Nak Hwan,Lee, Chang-Won 한국마케팅학회 2007 ASIA MARKETING JOURNAL Vol.2 No.1

Congruity theory is a process in which consumers engage in a matching process to identify the personal community that is congruent with their self-images in order to find the identification between the self and the personal community. Personal community cues that evoke certain images are viewed as activating similar beliefs about the self (e.g., high status). Individuals prompt a comparison process to determine whether the personal community and self-image are congruent and imagine prototypical users of the personal community and select ones that maximize similarity to their actual or desired self-concept. Identity is divided into personal identity and social identity. Consumers are likely to be influenced by both. In this article, the influencing factors of the commitment to the online personal community are explored by the sources of both personal and social identification. The results are as follows. The maintenance expression and enhancement expression of one’s personal self influence the level of personal identification positively, and the maintenance expression and enhancement expression of social self influence the level of social identification positively. The level of both social and personal identification positively influences the commitment to online personal community which leads to positive responses to the source enterprise that allows cyberspace and other benefits to be used.

어머니의 인성적 언어통제가 유아의 창의적 인성에 미치는 영향: 유아의 자기조절 매개 효과를 중심으로

남윤주 ( Nam Yunju ) 열린부모교육학회 2020 열린부모교육연구 Vol.12 No.1

본 연구는 어머니의 인성적 언어통제가 유아의 창의적 인성에 미치는 영향에서 자기조절의 매개 효과를 검증하였다. 연구 대상은 전남에 소재한 어린이집 및 유치원에 재원중인 만 3-5세 유아와 그들의 어머니 325명이었다. 수집된 자료는 측정 도구의 신뢰도 검증을 위해 Cronbach’s α 를 산출하였고, 연구문제에 따라 Person의 적률상관관계 분석, Baron & Kenny가 제안한 위계적 중다회귀분석, Sobel test를 통해 분석하였다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과들을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 어머니의 인성적 언어통제와 유아의 자기조절(자기평가, 자기결정, 행동억제, 정서성), 창의적 인성 간에 유의한 상관관계가 나타났고, 유아의 창의적 인성은 자기조절능력의 하위요인인 자기평가, 자기결정, 정서성과 유의한 상관관계가 나타났다. 둘째, 어머니의 인성적 언어통제와 유아의 창의적 인성의 관계에서 자기조절의 매개 효과를 검증한 결과 자기평가는 완전 매개 효과가, 자기결정과 정서성은 부분 매개 효과가 나타났다. 이는 어머니의 인성적 언어통제와 유아의 창의적 인성의 관계에서 자기조절의 매개 효과를 검증하였고, 유아의 창의적 인성에 대한 자기조절의 중요성을 규명했다는 데 의의가 있다. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of self-regulation on the relationship between the maternal personal oriented verbal control and the young children’s creative personality. A survey was conducted in Jeonnam of 325 mothers with young children from 3-5 years old. The data was analyzed using Cronbach’s α, Pearson’s correlation analysis and hierarchical regression. The Results of the study are as follows. First, maternal personal oriented verbal control showed a positive correlation with the young children’s creative personality and self-regulation sub-factor(self-appraisal, self-determination, behavior-inhibition, emotionality). And young children’s creative personality showed a positive correlation with self-regulation sub-factor(self-appraisal, self-determination, emotionality). Second, self-regulation sub-factor(self-appraisal, self-determination, emotionality) had mediating effects between the maternal personal oriented verbal control and young children’s creative personality. This study verified the mediating effect of self-regulation in the relationship between the maternal personal oriented verbal control and young children’s creative personality, and it is meaningful to have identified the importance of the self-regulation for the young children’s creative personality.

초등학교 고학년의 학교생활만족과 자기주도학습의 관계에서 인성적 자아개념의 매개효과

심혜원 ( Haw-won ),조아라 ( Shima-ra Jo ) 한국영유아아동정신건강학회 2012 영유아아동정신건강연구 Vol.5 No.2

본 연구는 초등학교 고학년의 학교생활만족과 자기주도학습의 관계에서 인성적 자아개념의 매개효과를 밝히기 위해 시행하였다. 본 연구를 위해 서울, 대전, 충남지역의 5개 초등학교 4, 5, 6학년 451명의 자료를 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 초등학교 고학년의 학교생활만족 및 인성적 자아개념과 자기주도학습은 정적 관계를 가지며, 인성적 자아개념이 학교생활만족 보다 자기주도학 습에 상대적으로 높은 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 아동의 학교생활만족과 자기주도학습의 관계에서 인성적 자아개념이 부분매개를 하는 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 연구결과는 아동의 자기주도학습력에 영향을 미치는 인성적 자아개념의 역할을 부각시켰다는 점에서 의의가 있으며, 이 는 상담 및 교육 현장에 시사하는 바가 크다 하겠다. This study aims to examine the relationship between school life satisfaction and self-directed learning of elementary school upper graders and figure out the effect of personal self-concept in that process. For this research, data were gained from 451 elementary school fourth, fifth, and sixth graders living in five areas of Seoul, Daejeon, and Chungnam. This study includes a correlation analysis among school life satisfaction, personal self-concept, and self-directed learning, an analysis of the relative effects of school life satisfaction and personal self-concept on self-directed learning, and verification of the mediating effect of personal self-concept on the relationship between school life satisfaction and self-directed learning. The results showed that elementary school upper graders’ school life satisfaction, personal self-concept, and self-directed learning have a positive correlation and that personal self-concept has a relatively higher effect on self-directed learning than school life satisfaction. Also, in the relationship between the children’s school life satisfaction and self-directed learning, personal self-concept has a partially mediating effect. This study is of significance in that it suggests personal self-concept as a crucial factor in counseling as well as education to cultivate children’s self-directed learning.

일반적 인격권에 대한 헌법적 고찰 - 독일 연방헌법재판소 판례 고찰을 통한 일반적 인격권의 구체화 -

이부하 언론중재위원회 2022 미디어와 인격권 Vol.8 No.3

The specific content of the general personal rights stipulated in Article 2, Paragraph 1 of the German Fundamental Law is embodied in the precedents of the German Federal Constitutional Court. According to the German Federal Constitutional Court’s ruling, the rights to self-protection, self-portrait, and self-determination are derived from general personal rights. With the right to self-protection, the fundamental right to “guarantee the confidentiality and integrity of the information technology system” is derived, and the right to portrait rights and the rights to protection of honor are derived concerning the right to self-portrait. Furthermore, with respect to the right to self-determination, the rights to sexual self-determination and self-determination of personal information are derived. In the German Federal Constitutional Court’s case concerning Princess Caroline, the private magazine restricted Princess Caroline’s personality rights because it was a case where the general personal rights of the petitioner for the constitutional complaint were restricted due to the article’s publication in the magazine. Here, when a private person (perpetrator) inflicts harm on the fundamental rights of another private person (victim), the state (protector) has the duty to protect the fundamental rights of the private person (victim). In this case, it was necessary to examine whether the state had taken appropriate and effective protective measures to protect the fundamental rights of the private person who was victimized under the Excessive Prohibit Principle. The German Federal Constitutional Court has created a new fundamental right to “guarantee the confidentiality and integrity of information technology systems,” or the “fundamental rights to computers” in its online search ruling. Among general personal rights, this precedent is related to the “right to self-protection.” Concerning the Honecker decision, considering the function of broadcasting as a medium to form public opinion guaranteed by the Constitution, a sentence between the general personal rights and freedoms of broadcasting is necessary. Even well-known public figures as historical figures in modern history have the right to be personality protected by the Constitution when broadcasting. Reporting through the media (broadcasting) about public figures’ trials is a fact of public and social nature closely related to the formation of public opinion, and since it is a matter belonging to the public sector, it is appropriate to report it through the media. The Constitutional Court of Korea derives the general personal rights from the “dignity of humans” in the first sentence of Article 10 of the Constitution. The Constitutional Court of Korea has ruled that the general personal rights’ limitations are an individual’s right to self-determination, a violation of social evaluation, portrait rights, and a feeling of humiliation or shame.

개인정보보호와 자율규제

李康鎬 ( Gangho Lee ),李海元 ( Haewon Lee ) 법조협회 2020 法曹 Vol.69 No.6

오늘날의 고도정보사회에서는 정부 주도의 규제만으로 각종 산업에서 복잡하고 다양한 국면에서 문제되는 개인정보보호 문제를 해결하는 것은 현실적으로 요원한 일이기 때문에 자연스럽게 민간이 규제기준의 형성과 집행의 주체가 되는 자율규제(self-regulation)가 주목받게 되었다. 다만 정부의 관여가 배제된 자율규제는 신뢰성·공정성이 담보되지 않을 뿐 아니라 실효성도 가지지 못한다는 점에서 자율규제도 국가가 제공하는 법률과 제도에 기초하여 작동할 때에 비로소 순기능이 발현될 수 있다. 위와 같은 문제 인식 하에 본고에서는 현행 개인정보 보호법에 따른 자율규제의 개요 및 문제점을 분석하고, 미국, 유럽연합, 일본의 사례 분석을 통해 시사점을 도출한 후 개인정보보호 자율규제 제도의 개선 방안을 다음과 같이 제안한다. 첫째, 자율규제의 법적 근거가 되는 개인정보 보호법 제13조는 현재의 일반적·추상적·선언적 규정에서 개인정보 보호법이 추구하는 자율규제의 내용을 구체적으로 규정한 조문으로 개정되어야 한다. 둘째, 자율규제단체 제도는 개인정보보호위원회에서 ‘지정자율규제단체’를 지정하여 위 단체를 중심으로 자율규제를 실시하도록 하되 개인정보보호위원회에서 위 단체를 적절하게 관리하고 통제하는 방향으로 개선되어야 한다. 셋째, 민간에 자율규제에 참여할 유인을 제공하는 차원에서 지정자율규제단체에서 시행하는 자율규제에 참여한 기업, 단체에는 고의에 의한 법정 의무 위반 사안이 아니라면 위반에 따른 민사상·행정상 제재를 완화하는 방안을 고려할 수 있다. 넷째, 유용한 자율규제의 도구가 될 수 있는 개인정보 처리방침을 개인정보 보호법에 부합하게 제정·준수한 경우에는 인센티브를 제공하고 반대로 제정한 개인정보 처리방침을 고의로 위반한 경우에는 그에 따른 제재를 가중하는 방안을 생각해 볼 수있다. In the era of advanced information society it is impractical to resolve the complicated and diverse issues of personal information protection with only government-led regulations. The concept of self-regulation, in which the private sector is responsible for the formation and enforcement of regulatory standards, has attracted attention in this regards. However, the self-regulation scheme solely does not guarantee reliability, fairness, and effectiveness without the intervention of government and the support of legal system. Recognizing the above issues, this paper analyzes the status and problems of self-regulation under the existing Personal Information Protection Act(‘PIPA’), draws implications through case analysis in the United States, the European Union, and Japan, and then suggests tangible solutions to improve the self-regulation system for personal information protection; First, Article 13 of the PIPA should be amended from the current abstract and declarative clause to substantial one stipulating the specific contents of self-regulation. Second, the self-regulatory scheme should be performed by the Designated Self-Regulatiory Organization(‘DSRO’) which is approved by the Personal Information Protection Committee(‘PIPC’), and DSRO should be properly monitored and controlled by PIPC. Third, in order to promote participation of the private sector to the self-regulation by DSRO, participants should be granted suitable legal incentives to mitigate civil and administrative sanctions for violations unless they are intentionally violating legal obligations. Finally. it is necessary to consider the method of linking incentives regarding compliance of the privacy policy and PIPA.

개인위치정보의 수집으로 인한 손해배상책임 - 대법원 2018. 5. 30. 선고 2015다251539, 251546, 251553, 251560, 251577 판결

권태상 이화여자대학교 법학연구소 2020 法學論集 Vol.24 No.4

(1) 개인정보자기결정권 침해만으로 바로 비재산적 손해에 대한 배상 책임을 인정 할 수 없다는 견해는, 다른 실체적인 권리에 대한 침해나 위험이 발생하여야 비재산 적 손해에 대한 배상 책임을 인정할 수 있다고 한다. 그런데 이러한 견해에 의하면 개 인정보자기결정권이라는 독립된 권리를 인정하는 의미가 상실될 수 있다. 개인정보가 유출된 경우 그 개인정보는 범죄에 악용될 위험성이 있다. 또한 개인정 보는 단순한 정보라도 다른 정보들과 결합하면 큰 의미를 가질 수 있다. 그러므로 단 순한 개인정보라 하더라도 유출되지 않게 보호할 필요가 있고, 이를 위한 권리로 개 인정보자기결정권이 인정되는 것이다. 인격권에 의하여 보호하려는 것은 사람이 자신과 관련된 사항에 대해서 가지는 자 기결정권이라고 이해할 수 있다. 개인정보자기결정권은 사람이 자신의 개인정보에 대 해서 가지는 자기결정권을 보호하는 권리이다. 초상권, 성명권 등이 실체적 권리인 것과 마찬가지로, 개인정보자기결정권 역시 실체적 권리로 보아야 할 것이다. 그리고 비재산적 손해는 그 성질상 사실적으로 파악하기 쉽지 않으므로 규범적으 로 파악되어야 한다. 개인정보자기결정권이 침해된 경우, 이로 인해 피해자가 어떠한 정신적 고통을 입었는지 또는 어떠한 정신적 이익을 상실했는지 사실적으로 증명할 것을 요구하는 것은 바람직하지 않고, 그러한 권리 침해 자체를 규범적으로 평가하여 비재산적 손해를 인정해야 할 것이다. (2) 개인위치정보는 그 자체가 바로 사생활을 의미하거나 행동의 자유와 관련될 수 있다. 그리고 개인위치정보는 개인의 생명, 신체의 안전이나 사생활과 밀접하게 관련 되는 민감성이 높은 정보이다. 또한 개인위치정보 역시 단순한 정보로 보이더라도 다 른 정보들과 결합하면 큰 의미를 가질 수 있다. 그러므로 설령 개인정보에 대한 자기결정권 침해만으로는 비재산적 손해의 배상책 임을 인정할 수 없다는 입장을 취하더라도, 개인위치정보에 관한 자기결정권이 침해 된 경우는 비재산적 손해의 배상책임을 인정하는 것이 바람직하다. 개인위치정보는 일반적인 개인정보에 비해 강화된 보호를 받아야 할 필요가 있기 때문이다. 대상판결은 개인위치정보가 동의 없이 수집된 경우 그로 인해 바로 손해배상책임 이 인정되지는 않는다는 입장을 취하였다. 그러나 정보주체에게 2차적으로 피해가 발 생하였는지 여부와 무관하게 개인위치정보에 관한 자기결정권 침해로 인한 비재산적 손해배상을 인정하는 것이 바람직하다. (1) If personal information is leaked, the personal information is at risk of being abused in a crime. In addition, personal information, even simple information, can have great meaning when combined with other information. The object to be protected by the personality rights is the right of self-determination. The right to self-determination of personal information is the right to protect the self-determination right that a person has about his or her personal information. Just as portrait right and name right are substantive rights, the right to self-determination of personal information should be viewed as a substantive right. Non-pecuniary loss is not easy to grasp realistically in nature, so it should be identified normatively. If the right to self-determination of personal information is violated, it will be necessary to acknowledge the non-pecuniary loss by normatively evaluating the infringement of such right itself. (2) Personal location information itself can mean privacy or can be related to freedom of action. And personal location information is highly sensitive information that is closely related to personal life, body safety, and privacy. In addition, personal location information can also have great meaning when combined with other information, even if it appears to be simple information. Therefore, personal location information needs to be more protected than general personal information. Supreme Court of Korea took the position that if personal location information was collected without consent, liability for damages would not be recognized immediately. However, it is desirable to recognize non-pecuniary loss caused by infringement of the right to self-determination concerning personal location information, regardless of whether or not secondary damage has occurred.