스팀 및 동결 전처리가 건조 감잎 열수추출물의 이화학적 특성에 미치는 영향

정헌식,윤광섭,김종국 한국식품저장유통학회 2023 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.30 No.6

This study was conducted to develop a preservation technology that can induce changes in physicochemical properties to effectively utilize of persimmon leaves. The application effects of steaming or freezing technique were investigated. Astringent persimmon leaves were steam-blanched (100℃, 30 sec) or frozen (-20℃, 15 d), followed by hot-air drying (50℃). The physicochemical properties of the extract obtained by hot-water leaching from the dried leaves were compared. The extract of leaves dried without pretreatment was used as a control. L* value was higher in steamed than in control and frozen. a* value was highest in the control. The browning index was higher in the frozen and lower in the steamed than in the control. Soluble solids were the highest in the steamed and the lowest in the frozen. Sucrose content was relatively high in the steamed, and the glucose and fructose contents were relatively high in the frozen. Total polyphenol content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were higher in steamed and lower in frozen than in control. Thus, it was confirmed that steam or freeze pretreatment after harvesting persimmon leaves affects the extraction yield, color, antioxidant capacity and component changes of dried persimmon leaves. Unlike steaming, freezing pretreatment showed the effect of promoting decomposition and browning reactions, and it is considered useful when such an effect is needed.

용매별 감잎 추출물의 Xanthine Oxidase 저해효과

문숙희,이민경,채기수 한국식품영양학회 2001 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.14 No.2

시중에서 흔하게 구할 수 있고 즐겨 마시는 차로 이용이 되고 있는 감잎을 시료로 택하여 메탄올로 추출한 후 헥산, 클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올, 물 등으로 각각 분획하여 xanthine oxidase에 대한 저해 효과를 살펴보았다. 메탄을 추출물에서는 시료 2.0㎎/ml 첨가 시 78%의 높은 저해효과를 나타내었으며, 농도가 증가할수록 저해효과가 우수한 것으로 나타났다. 또한 메탄올 추출물을 농도별로 첨가하여 반응시간에 따른 저해효과를 살펴본 결과 반응시간 1분에 가장 급속한 저해효과를 나타내었으며 시간이 증가할수록 효소 저해율의 증가는 완만하였다. 한편 각 용매별 획분에서도 마찬가지로 농도가 증가할수록 xanthine oxidase에 대한 저해효과가 증가하였으며 특히 에틸아세테이트 획분에서는 2.0㎎/ml 첨가시 87%의 높은 저해율을 나타내어 xanthine oxidase에 대해 저해 효과가 가장 뛰어남을 알 수 있었다. 각 용매별 획분에 대하여 반응 시간별로 잔존하는 xanthine oxidase의 활성도는 에틸아세테이트 획분과 헥산 획분에서 가장 낮은 반면 물 획분에서 가장 높았으며, 각 획분 모두 반응시간 1분 안에 xanthine oxidase의 활성도가 급격히 감소되었고 그 이후 시간이 경과함에 따라서는 다소 완만한 감소를 나타내었다. The inhibitory effects of xanthine oxidase by the methanol extract and the solvent fractions obtained from persimmon leaves were investigated. The inhibition ratio of xanthine oxidase was 78% by addition of 2.0㎎/ml of the methanol extract. Among the solvent fractions, the ethylacetate fraction showed the strongest inhibitory effect against the xanthine oxidase, followed by the hexane fraction. The effect increased with addition of the ethylacetate fraction. At a concentration of 2.0㎎/ml of the ethylacetate fraction, 65% of the enzyme activity decreased within 1.0 min of incubation with xanthine oxidase. But the activity of xanthine oxidase did not decrease significantly by the length of the incubation time.

반응표면분석법을 이용한 감잎과 엉겅퀴로부터 항산화성분의 추출공정 최적화

이승범 ( Seung Bum Lee ),장현식 ( Hyun Sick Jang ),홍인권 ( In Kwon Hong ) 한국공업화학회 2017 공업화학 Vol.28 No.4

본 연구에서는 항산화성분을 다량 함유하고 있는 천연물로부터 유효성분을 추출하고, 이를 반응표면분석법을 이용하여 추출공정을 최적화하였다. 또한 감잎과 엉겅퀴로부터 추출된 유효성분의 플라보노이드 함량과 폴리페놀 함량을 측정함으로써 유효성분의 기능성을 평가하였다. 추출공정의 독립변수로는 추출시간, 추출온도, 용매의 비율을 설정하였고, 반응치는 수율, 폴리페놀 함량, 플라보노이드 함량을 확인하였다. 감잎의 경우 추출시간(3.1 h), 주정/초순수 부피비(63.4 vol%), 추출온도(54.6 ℃)에서 수율(27.7%), 폴리페놀 함량(33.2 mg GAE/g), 플라보노이드 함량(47.8 mg QE/mg dw)의 최적 결과를 얻었으며, 엉겅퀴의 경우에는 추출시간(2.9 h), 주정/초순수 부피비(40.7 vol%), 추출온도(68.4 ℃)에서 수율(27.0%), 폴리페놀 함량(17.9 mg GAE/g), 플라보노이드 함량(28.8 mg QE/mg dw)으로 예측되었으며, 종합만족도는 71.7%이다. In this study, we extracted an antioxidant from natural products which are known to have a high antioxidant content and also optimized the extraction process by applying a response surface methodology (RSM). In addition, by measuring the total flavonoids and total polyphenols of the active ingredient extracted persimmon leaf and thistle, the functionality of the active ingredient was evaluated. Both ultrapure water and alcohol were used as extraction solvents and the ratio of ultrapure and alcohol, amount of sample, extraction time, extraction temperature were set as independence variables. Also, the yield, total polyphenols, and flavonoids was set as the response. Optimal extraction conditions were as follows; for persimmon leaf, the extraction time = 3.1 h, ratio of alcohol/ultrapure = 63.4 vol%, and temperature = 54.6 ℃ while for thistle the extraction time = 2.9 h, ratio of alcohol/ultrapure = 40.7 vol%, and temperature = 68.4 ℃. Also, the response were as follows; for persimmon leaf, the yield = 27.7%, total polyphenols = 33.2 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoids = 47.8 mg QE/mg dw, whereas for thistle the yield = 27.0%, total polyphenols = 17.9 mg GAE/g, and total flavonoids = 28.8 mg QE/mg dw at the optimal conditions. The overall satisfaction level was 71.7%.

감잎, 엉겅퀴, 뉴그린으로부터 플라보노이드성분의 추출

홍인권 ( In Kwon Hong ),박보라 ( Bo Ra Park ),전길송 ( Gil Song Jeon ),이승범 ( Seung Bum Lee ) 한국공업화학회 2016 공업화학 Vol.27 No.3

본 연구에서는 항산화성분 함량이 높다고 알려진 천연물인 감잎, 엉겅퀴, 뉴그린을 이용하여 유효성분을 추출하고 DPPH radical scavening activity와 플라보노이드성분 함량분석을 수행하였다. 추출에 사용된 추출용매로는 초순수와 주정을 이용하였고, 초순수-주정의 비율, 시료의 양, 추출시간, 추출온도 등을 변수로 설정하였다. 각 천연물의 최적추출조건은 추출시간(2.5~3.5 h), 시료의 양은 50 g/L이었고, 주정/초순수의 부피비와 추출온도의 경우 각각 감잎(55~65 vol%, 50~60 ℃), 엉겅퀴(40~50 vol%, 55~65 ℃), 뉴그린(55~65 vol%, 50~60 ℃)으로 나타났다. 또한 추출된 유효성분의 항산화능과 플라보노이드성분 함량분석 결과 감잎 > 엉겅퀴 > 뉴그린 순으로 크게 나타났다. In this study, we extracted active components from thistle, persimmon leaf, and new green which are known to have a high content of antioxidants and also analyzed the 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavening activity and flavonoid content. Both ultrapure water and alcohol were used as extraction solvents and the ratio of both solvents, sample, amunts extraction time, and extraction temperature were varied. The optimal extraction condition of each natural compounds were 2.5~3.5 h of the extraction time and 50 g/L of the sample amount. The optimal ratio of ultrapure water and alcohol and extraction temperature were as follows; persimmon leaf (55~65 vol%, 50~60 ℃), thistle (40~50 vol%, 55~65 ℃) and new green (55~65 vol%, 50~60 ℃). In addition, the antioxidant capacity and flavonoid content of the extract increased in the order of persimmon leaf, thistle, and new green.

감잎의 항산화 효과

문숙희,박건영 한국식품영양학회 2000 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.13 No.1

감잎의 메탄올 추출물은 농도에 비례해서 지질의 과산화를 크게 억제하였으며, 이들의 용매로 더 분획하여 얻은 헥산, 클로로포름, 에틸아세테이트, 부탄올 및 물 획분도 농도에 비례하여 항산화 효과가 관찰되었다, 이들중 가장 활성이 컸던 획분은 클로로포름과 에틸아세테이트 획분이었다. 한편 감잎의 열탕추출물과 감잎 탄닌의 경우도 농도에 비례해서 큰 항산화 효과가 관찰되었으며, 항돌연변이 및 암세포 증식억제 효과에서와 마찬가지로 열탕추출물에 비해 감잎 탄닌이 보다 높은 항산화 활성을 나타내었다. 이는 감잎의 열탕추출물에 함유된 탄닌의 농도에 기인하리라 생각되며, UV, IR, HPLC등을 이용하여 감잎으로부터 추출한 추출물이 탄닌임을 확인하였다. The production of malondialdehyde(MDA) was significantly decreased when the methanol extract of persimmon leaves was added to the system. The methanol extract of persimmon leaves was fractionated by using various solvents such as hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol. Among the above fractions especially the chloroform fraction, ethylacetate fraction revealed the strong antioxidative activities. The hot water extract of the persimmon leaves was less effective than tannin which was extracted from persimmon leaves in antioxidative activity.

침출 조건이 감잎차의 색 및 항산화 특성에 미치는 영향

안종화,김주혜,김춘영 한국식품저장유통학회 2023 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.30 No.2

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of the extraction conditions for persimmon (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) leaf tea (PLT) on its color quality and antioxidant properties. The amount of persimmon leaf (PL) powder and pH influenced the PLT’s color and antioxidant capacity. As the amount of PL powder in tea increased, lightness decreased while yellowness increased. The PLT with the highest amount of PL (10 mg/mL) exhibited the highest 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition, the PLT with the highest PL showed the highest total polyphenol and flavonoid contents. Subsequently, PLT was prepared using 10 mg/mL PL powder under varying pH conditions. As pH increased from 4 to 7, lightness decreased while redness and yellowness increased. Antioxidant capacity was determined using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity and FRAP assay showed that lower pH exhibited higher antioxidant capacity. The PLT extracted under the lowest pH of 4 showed higher polyphenol and flavonoid contents than that extracted under higher pH conditions. Overall, PLT extraction using a solvent with pH 4.0 showed better antioxidant activities and higher amounts of polyphenolic compounds. Simultaneously, lesser lightness, redness, and yellowness were detected in PLT extracted under pH 4 conditions. In conclusion, to acquire a better functional health benefit in terms of antioxidant capacity, preparing PLT under pH 4 conditions is suggested.

Hypoglycemic effects of aqueous persimmon leaf extract in a murine model of diabetes

BAE, UI-JIN,PARK, SOO-HYUN,JUNG, SU-YOUNG,PARK, BYUNG-HYUN,CHAE, SOO-WAN SPANDIDOS PUBLICATIONS 2015 MOLECULAR MEDICINE REPORTS Vol.12 No.2

<P>Previously, powdered persimmon leaves have been reported to have glucose- and lipid-lowering effects in diabetic <I>(db/db)</I> mice. As persimmon leaf is commonly consumed as tea, an aqueous extract of persimmon leaves (PLE) was prepared and its anti-diabetic efficacy was investigated. In the present study, PLE was tested for its inhibitory activity on α-glucosidase <I>in vitro</I>. An oral maltose tolerance test was performed in diabetic mice. Next, the acute effect of PLE was examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice. Last, the long-term effect of PLE supplementation was assessed in <I>db/db</I> after eight weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test, biochemical parameters, as well as histological analyses of liver and pancreas were evaluated at the end of the study. PLE inhibited α-glucosidase activity and increased antioxidant capacity. Streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice pre-treated with PLE displayed hypoglycemic activity. Daily oral supplementation with PLE for eight weeks reduced body weight gain without affecting food intake, enhanced the glucose tolerance during the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), improved blood lipid parameters, suppressed fat accumulation in the liver and maintained islet structure in <I>db/db</I> mice. Further mechanistic study showed that PLE protected pancreatic islets from glucotoxicity. In conclusion, the results of the present study indicated that PLE exhibits considerable anti-diabetic effects through α-glucosidase inhibition and through the maintenance of functional β-cells. These results provided a rationale for the use of persimmon leaf tea for the maintenance of normal blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.</P>

감잎차의 ethanol 추출물 및 분획물의 항균효과

정숙현(Sook Hyun Chung) 한국차학회 2009 한국차학회지 Vol.15 No.2

8월에 채취하여 건조(60℃)시킨 감잎차를 70% ethanol로 추출하고, 이 추출물을 다시 hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate 및 butanol로 분획하여 제조된 감잎 추출물과 분획물의 항균활성을 7종의 세균과 2종의 효모에 대하여 조사하였다. 감잎의 추출 수율은 70% ethanol 추출물은 14.0%, 분획물 중에서는 chloroform 분획물이 2.5%로서 가장 높았다. 항균활성은 70% ethanol 추출물의 경우는 약하지만 7종의 세균 모두에서 항균활성이 있었고, 특히 V. parahaemolyticus와 S. aureus에 대하여 가장 강하였고, B. subtilis에도 상당한 항균활성을 나타내었다. 분획물에서의 항균활성은 hexane 분획물에서는 전혀 없었고, 그 외 분획물들은 공통적으로 그램 양성 세균에 대하여 활성이 있었다. 특히 ethyl acetate 분획물은 B. subtilis, S. aureus, 및 V. parahaemolyticus에 대하여 매우 높은 항균활성을 보였고 M. luteus에 대하여는 미약하였다. 특히 효모에 대하여는 모든 추출물 및 분획물들이 항균활성이 전혀 없었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 MIC는 V. parahaemolyticus 는 0.3%로서 가장 낮았고 B. Subtilus는 0.5%, S. aureus는 2%이었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 첨가 농도에 따른 B.subtilis의 증식억제효과는 1.0%의 첨가로 24시간 증식시켰을 때 control에 비하여 약 90%의 균증 식이 억제 되었다. Ethyl acetate 분획물의 열처리(121oC, 20분)효과는 균종에 따라 차이가 있어 B.subtilis에 대하여서는 88.7%, V. parahaemolyticus에 대하여서는 73.8%의 열안전성을 나타내었다. Antimicrobial activities of extracts from persimmon leaf (Diospyros kaki Thunb.) were investigated by disc diffusion method using seven different bacteria and two different yeasts. The 70% ethanol extract demonstrated significant antimicrobial activities against Vibrio parahemolyticus, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis and thus was further fractionated. Among these fractions, the ethyl acetate fraction showed strong antimicrobial activities against V. parahemolyticus, B. subtilis and S. aureus. These activities exceeded that of all extracts and fractions tested in this study. Hexane fraction did not showed any antimicrobial activities. All of extracts did not have antimicrobial activities against two yeasts. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of the ethyl acetate fraction were 0.3% against V. parahaemolyticus, 0.5% against B. subtilis and 2% against S. aureus. About 90% inhibition of growth was observed with 1.0% ethyl acetate fraction but 0.1% ethyl acetate fraction made only eight hours delay of lag phase on the growth curve of B. subtilis. Antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate fraction was reduced to about 74% against V. parahaemolyticus but 89% against B. subtilis by thermal treatment at 121oC for 20 min.

Effect of Persimmon Leaf Extract on Utraviolet B-induced Inflammation in HaCaT Keratinocytes and Mice

( Jung Keun Cho ),( Ji Min Park ),( In Hwa Jeon ),( Hyeon Soo Kim ),( Seon Il Jang ) 한국응용생명화학회 2011 Applied Biological Chemistry (Appl Biol Chem) Vol.54 No.4

Ultraviolet B (UVB) irradiation induces skin damage and inflammation. Persimmon leaf extract (PLE) has traditionally been used for the treatment of acute and chronic diseases in Asia, but there have been no reports on its UVB-protective effects. Thus, protective effects of PLE against UVB induced inflammations in HaCaT keratinocytes and mice were investigated. In an in vitro study using HaCaT keratinocytes, UVB irradiation decreased cell viability and increased chemokine production. PLE recovered cell viability and suppressed UVB-induced production of monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (CCL2) and cutaneous T cell-attracting chemokine (CCL27). Moreover, oral administration of PLE to UVB-irradiated mice resulted in significant suppression of skin damage. Histological analyses revealed that infiltration of inflammatory cells, especially degranulated mast cells, thickening of the epidermis, and hyperplasia were significantly reduced. PLE treatment suppressed UVB-induced CCL2 and CCL27 expressions in the skin. These results suggest PLE has potential as an effective material for protection against UVB-induced skin inflammation.

감잎 열탕 추출물 및 감잎 탄닌의 Xanthine Oxidase 저해 효과

문숙희,이민경 한국식품영양학회 1998 韓國食品營養學會誌 Vol.11 No.3

우리 나라에서 쉽게 구할 수 있고, 값이 저렴하여 대중적으로 널리 이용될 수 있는 감잎으로부터의 열탕 추출물과 함께 탄닌을 분리하여 xanthine oxidase 활성을 측정함으로써 감잎의 통풍 예방효과를 살펴보았다. 감잎의 열탕 추출물을 농도별로 첨가하여 xanthine oxidase 저해효과를 살펴본 결과 열탕 추출물의 농도가 증가할수록 저해효과가 증가하여 20mg 첨가시 82.4%의 높은 저해효과를 나타냈으며, 감잎탄닌도 감잎의 열탕 추출물과 마찬가지로 농도에 비례해서 xanthine oxidase 저해효과가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 감잎 열탕추출물 및 감잎 탄닌은 xanthine oxidase에 대한 경쟁적 저해를 하는 것으로 나타났다. The influence of hot water extracts and tannin obtained from persimmon leaves on xanthine oxidase were investigated. Above two samples had higher inhibitory effects against xanthine oxidase, and the effects were increased with addition of the samples. The inhibition ratio of xanthine oxidase by hot water extracts and tannin obtained from persimmon leaves was 92.4% and 92.1% by addition of 2.0mg/ml of the hot water extracts and the tannin, respectively. The inhibitions by the hot water extracts and the tannin were of competitive mode with respect to xanthine as a substrate.