중년여성의 폐경에 대한 태도 및 폐경기 증상

최혜원,김현우,백기청,이경규,박진완 大韓神經精神醫學會 1998 신경정신의학 Vol.37 No.6

연구목적 : 폐경에 대한 태도는 시대와 문화에 따라 다르게 나타나서 폐경을 경험하는 개인에게 영향을 준다. 폐경에 대한 태도가 긍정적이냐 부정적이냐는 이 시기를 경험하는 개인에게 중요한 영향을 줄 수 있다. 이에 본 논문은 폐경에 대한 태도를 알아보고 이러한 태도가 폐경과 관련된 중상에 어떤 영향을 미치는가를 알아보고자 하였다. . 연구방법 : ' 40세에서 59세의 산부인과. 정신과를 찾은 환자 66명과 대조군 42명을 대상으로 치료에 따른 상기 각 3군과 폐경상태에 따라 폐경전기, 폐경주위 기, 폐경후기의 3군으로 나누어 폐경에 대한 태도와 폐경과 관련된 증상에 대해 비교분석하였으며 , 각각에 대해 영향을 미치는 사회인구학적 요인을 비교 분석하였고, 폐경에 대한 태도와 증상과의 관계에 대해 상관관계를 알아보았다. ' 연구결과 : 연구결과는 다음과 갈다. 1) 폐경에 대한 태도는 전체적으로 중립적이었다. 치료를 받는 군에 따른 비교에서 긍정적인 태도에서는 정상대조군이 산부인과군에 비하여 유의하게 높은 결과를 보였고, 부정적인 태도와 중립적인 태도에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 월경상태에 따른 폐경전기, 폐경주위 기. 폐경후기간의 비교에서는 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 2) 폐경기에 대한 태도와 사회인구학적 변인과의 상관관계에서는 임신횟수와 부정적인 태도가 유의한 상관관계를 보였다. 3) 폐경기의 증상은 전반적으로 산부인과군과 정신과군에서 정상대조군보다 증상의 호소가 많았다. 모든 증상이 정신과군에서 정상대조군보다 유의하게 높았다. 불안증상, 우을증상, 성적인 증상, 수면중상은 정신과군에서 산부인과군보다 유의하게 많았다. 산부인과군에서 정상대조군보다 혈관운동성 증상이 유의하게 많았다. 월경상태에 따라서는 성적인 증상에서만 폐경후기가 폐경전기보다 유의하게 높았다. 4) 폐경기 증상과 사회인구학적 변인과의 상관관계에서 교육정도와 신체중상. 불안중상 및 수면중상간에 부적 상관관계를 보였고. 교육정도와 우울중상. 혈관운동성 증상 및 심리증상간에는 정적 상관관계를 보였다. 자가건강평가와 모든 중상간에는 정적 상관관계가 있었다. 5) 폐경기의 부정적인 태도와 신체증상, 불안증상, 우울증상 및 혈관운동성 증상간에 정적 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 결론 . 폐경기에 있는 우리나라 여성들은 폐경에 대해 중립적인 태도를 보이고 있으며. 폐경에 대해 부정적인태도를 가질수록 신체중상뿐만이 아니라 불안증상과 우울증상 등의 심리중상을 호소함을 알 수 있었다. 치료적 접근뿐만이 아니라 교육, 홍보 등을 통하여 이러한 폐경에 대한 부정적인 태도를 바꿀 수 있도록하여 폐경기를 경험하고 극복하는데 도움을 줄 수 있도록 해야 할 것으로 사료된다 0bjectives : Menopause is a life period that involves various somatic and psychological symptoms. Attitudes toward menopause have been influenced by both time and culture, and play a crucial role in experiencing this period. The purpose of this study was to investigate Korean middleaged women's attitudes toward menopause and to investigate correlations between attitudes toward menopause and menopausal symptoms. Methods : Thirty-one gynecological patients,35 psychiatric patients, and 42 normal controls who were middle aged women(40-59 years old) were selected. The attitudes toward menopause was examined. According to menstrual status, premenopause, peiimenopause and postmenopause groups were separated and examined. Then, correlations between sociode-mographic factors and attitudes toward menopause, correlations between attitudes toward menopause and 34 menopausal symptoms, and correlations between sociodemoeaphic factors and menopausal symptoms were examined. Resu1ts: . 1) Overall attitudes toward menopause was neutral. According to treatment group, normal controls showed more positive attitude than gynecological group and showed no significant differences in negative and neutral attitudes. According to menstrual flatus,there were no significant differences across premenopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause groups. 2) There was positive correlation between pregnancy number and negative attitude. 3) Both gynecological and psychatric groups showed more menopausal symptoms than nominal controls. Psychiatric group showed significantly more symptoms than normal control in all menopausal symptoms. Psychatric group showed significantly higher score than gynecological group in anxiety, depressive, sleep, and sexual symptoms. Gynecological group revealed significantly more vaomotor symptoms than notmal controls. According to menstrual status, postnenopausal group showed signacantly more sexual symptom than premenopause group. 4) Education level had negative correlations with somatic symptoms, anxiety , and sleep problems, and showed positive correlations with depression, vasomotor, and pfrchological symptoms There was a positive correlation between self-assessment of health status and all of menopausal symptoms. 5) Negative attitudes toward menopause had positive correlations with somatic, anxiety depressive,and vasomotor symptoms. Conclusions: These finings suggest that the method to correct women's negative atitudes towed menopause will be helpful to overcome menopause and to improve menopausal symptoms.

한국 폐경여성의 폐경에 대한 인식도 조사

최훈 ( Hoon Choi ),이홍균 ( Hong Kyoon Lee ),박형무 ( Hyoung Moo Park ) 대한폐경학회 2003 대한폐경학회지 Vol.9 No.1

연구목적: 본 역학조사는 제 3차 KEDA 프로그램의 일환으로 한국 폐경여성의 폐경에 대한 태도와 인식을 알기 위해 실시된 연구이다. 연구방식: 본 연구는 대한 폐경학회와 한국 와이어스 공동주관하에 전국의 50-59세 여성중 무작위로 추출된 1201명을 대상으로 한국 갤럽 연구소를 통한 직접적인 대상군의 면담을 통해 이루어 졌다. 결과: 대상군의 평균 폐경연령은 49.7세였다. 대상군의 57%인 680명이 폐경의 원인을 알고 있다고 답하였으며, 73%는 폐경은 자연 노화현상으로 기인한다고 응답하였고 21%는 에스트로젠의 결핍이 그 원인이라고 답하였다. 92%는 폐경후 골다공증의 위험이, 72%는 심혈관 질환의 위험이 높아진다고 답하였다. 폐경후 느끼는 감정에 대해 140명이 응답하였는데, 64.2%는 부정적인 태도를 보였다. 자연 폐경을 경험한 797명의 여성중 89%는 폐경증상중 적어도 하나를 경험하였다고 하였으며, 경험한 증상중 안면홍조(61%)가 가장 많았다. 대부분의 폐경여성(79.8%)은 증상의 완화가 필요하다고 하였으나, 반수이상의 여성(54.8%)이 의료계 종사자에게 상담을 받은 적이 없다고 하였다. 42%의 여성은 폐경으로 성욕이 변하지 않았다고 하였으나, 57%는 감소하였다고 하였고 1%만이 증가하였다고 답하였다. 41.5%의 여성이 폐경후 경험한 질환으로는 고협압, 하지골절, 손목골절, 척추골절이었다. 전체 대상군중 33.9%는 규칙적인 운동을 하고 있다고 하였다. 384명(32%)이 칼슘을 복용하고 있다고 하였으며, 277명(23.1%)은 대체의학 또는 건강식품을 복용한 적이 있다고 하였다. 결론: 우리나라 폐경여성이 폐경에 대한 인식을 보면 일부는 치료가 필요하다고 한 반면, 다른 한편으로는 자연적인 방법에 의해 조절되는 자연현상으로 생각하고 있다. 폐경여성에게 체계적인 접근을 통하여 폐경에 대한 정확하고 최신정보를 제공할 필요가 있다고 사료된다. This epidemiologic study was designed to assess Korean menopausal women`s attitudes and awareness on menopause as a part of 3rd Korean Estrogen Deficiency Awareness(KEDA) anniversary program. Design : This study was conducted by Korea Gallup under the auspices of Korea Society of Menopause and Wyeth Korea through the face to face interviews with 1201 women aged between 50 and 59 years, who were randomly recruited from all areas in Korea, by using 53 questionnaires about menopause and HRT. Results : The mean age of menopause of the subjects is 49.7 years. 680 women comprising 57% knew the cause of menopause ,most of them mentioned menopause was the natural again process (73%) or resulted from estrogen deficiency (21%). Most women believed the risk of osteoporosis (92%) and cardiovascular disease (72%) were in creased after menopause. Among 140 menopause women who responded the attitude toward menopause, 64.2% of respondents expressed negative feeling. Among 797 women who experienced natural menopause, 89% of women said they had experienced one of menopausal symptoms and hot flush (61%)was the most common symptom. Most of the (79.8) believed the relief of symptoms was necessary, while more than half of women (54.*) had never been advised of their menopausal symptoms by medical personnel. 42% of women said their sexual desire had remained the same as before menopause, 57% reported their sexual desire had decreased, while 1% said their sexual desire had increased. During menopausal period, 41.5% of women had suffered from hypertension, leg fracture, wrist fracture, or vertebral fracture. Of total cohort, slight more than one third (33.9%) had regular exercise. 384 women (32%) and 277 women (23.1%) had taken calcium supplementation and alternative medicine, respectively. Conclusion : Menopausal women are divided in their view of menopause, some seeing it as a medical condition requiring treatment, whereas others see it as a natural transition to be managed by natural means. Providing menopausal women with accurate, up-to-date information by a systematic approach is required.

Trends of Premature and Early Menopause: a Comparative Study of the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

최승아,성주헌 대한의학회 2020 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.35 No.14

Background: While evidence shows a tendency toward delays in menopause worldwide, whether prevalence of premature (< 40 years) or early menopause (40–44 years) is also reduced in different ethnic groups is uncertain. The aim of this study was to explore birth cohort effect in the prevalence of premature and early menopause in United States (US) and Korea. Methods: This is a retrospective study using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 1999–2014) and the Korea NHANES (KNHANES, 2007–2012). We analyzed prevalence of premature and early menopause in three ethnic groups of US and Korea. We restricted our analysis to women aged ≥ 45 years at the time of the survey born between 1920 and 1969. The data of both eligible 9,209 US women and 9,828 Korean was included in final analysis. We calculated odds ratios (OR) for each outcome adjusting for biological and socioeconomic factors, respectively. Results: Prevalence of premature menopause was 1.7% in US, 2.8% in Korean women. Early menopause occurred in 3.4% and 7.2% of US and Korean, respectively. In US women, prevalence of premature and early menopause did not change and did not differ across three ethnicities. Korean women showed highest and consistently decreasing prevalence (P < 0.001). When we adjusted for covariates, birth lower risk for premature menopause was evident in US Non-Hispanic black born in 1950s and in Korean born between 1940s and 1960s compared to those born in 1920s. In the analysis of early menopause, excluding premature menopause patients, lower risk of more recent generation (born in 1940s and later) was evident in Korean women. Conclusion: The trend and birth cohort effect in occurrence of premature and early menopause among the US and Korea women are different. Prevalences of premature and early menopause decrease only in Korean.

Age at Menopause and Suicidal Ideation in Menopausal Women: A Study of Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey Data

Ryu Ki-Jin,Park Hyuntae,Jeong Yujin,Nam Seunghyun,Jeong Hye Gyeong,Kim Tak 대한의학회 2022 Journal of Korean medical science Vol.37 No.45

Background: Although menopause is considered a risk factor for depression, no association has been established between the risk of suicidal ideation and age at menopause. This study aimed to evaluate the association between age at menopause and suicidal ideation in middleaged menopausal Korean women. Methods: This cross-sectional study used data from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2013–2018). Women aged 40–65 years were divided into the following three categories: primary ovarian insufficiency (POI), early menopause, and menopause, according to age at natural menopause (< 40, 40–45, and > 45 years, respectively). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Results: Among 2,232 menopausal women, 25 (1.1%) experienced POI and 114 (5.1%) experienced early menopause. The PHQ-9 items that pertained to low self-esteem and suicidal ideation scored higher in women with POI than in those who experienced menopause after 45 years of age. The prevalence of suicidal ideation differed significantly according to age at menopause (POI, 30.0%; early menopause, 12.7%; menopause, 8.0%; P = 0.016). Logistic regression analysis revealed that POI was significantly associated with suicidal ideation after the adjustment for age, body mass index, and education, household income, and walking levels (odds ratio, 4.2; 95% confidence interval, 1.0–17.7). Conclusion: Korean middle-aged women with POI were more likely to have suicidal ideation than those who experienced menopause at 45 years or above, despite not being diagnosed with major depressive disorder.

공선옥의 『폐경전야』와 김훈의 『언니의 폐경』의 상호텍스트성 연구

유진아 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2014 인문사회과학연구 Vol.15 No.1

The purpose of this study is the Gong Seon-ok‘s <The Night before Menopause> and Kim Hoon’s <Elder Sister`s Menopause> the feminist investigated the perspective of intersexuality. Research examined focuses on the relationship between the two works, rather than the impact of differences between the studies. And written by male authors and female writers Jean uterus with two new spatial differences between a rights - . Menopausal women with a map of how to get his ego investigation Moreover, as shown above, in the womb space of self-awareness and find middle - aged woman and looked to reconsider a feminist standpoint. Gong Seon-ok‘s of "The Night before Menopause” hit menopause in a woman's body that they are not subject to alienation and the value of the mature body, and the bodies of men and women with other women have the experience and mother`s instinctive love, and the creation and destruction of life talk about the space as a womb. Kim Hoon's, too, "Elder Sister`s Menopause" in the middle-aged and older women in menopause and soon his story about the speakers that will be what happens in the womb and during the process of middle-aged women feel menopause, which will talk about psychology. The most striking difference between the two works, "Elder Sister`s Menopause" and the sudden death of her husband, in which she finds out all the menopausal symptoms, is her acceptance to these symptoms. On the other hand, "The Night before Menopause" the spokes man their menopausal symptoms and dysfunctional behaviors denied through the process of resistance to change in their body shape that looks more and more recognition and acceptance to show. Also "Elder Sister`s Menopause" about menopause and menopause, along with his sister on the subject of female sexuality, or he has no regrets buying as opposed to the life of a wise mother, "The Night before Menopause" pregnant in the eyes of the disciples themselves I want to have a baby while it is impossible to know, to understand a life of love for life with limited maternal love for all things that have expanded into motherhood. These differences in the two works written by male authors see are real "Elder Sister`s Menopause" for women in a patriarchal system society, because of the existing order, as it can be thought of as follows. These differences in the two works are not meant to be the artist who did not follow the existing social stereotypes, because they show can be maintained. The work also showed differences in the individual problem, rather than the artistic community as a whole to be able to see the problem. 이 연구에서는 공선옥의 <폐경전야>와 김훈의 <언니의 폐경>의 상호텍스트성을 여성주의적 관점에서 살펴보았다. 연구에서는 두 작품의 영향관계에 주목하기보다는 차이점에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 남성작가와 여성작가에 의해 쓰여 진 두 소설에서 자궁이 지닌 공간적 의미의 차이와 갱년기를 맞은 여성들이 어떻게 자신의 자아를 찾아가는지도 함께 살펴보았다. 또한 앞서 살펴본 공간으로서의 자궁에 대한 인식과 중년여성의 자아 찾기를 여성주의적 관점에서 재검토해 보았다. 공선옥은 『폐경전야』에서 폐경기를 맞은 여성의 몸을 소외의 대상이 아닌 가치 있고 성숙한 몸으로 그리고 있으며, 남성과는 다른 몸을 가진 여성의 경험과 여성이 가지고 있는 모성, 그리고 생명의 생성과 소멸의 공간으로서의 자궁에 대해 이야기하고 있다. 김훈 역시 『언니의 폐경』에서 중년의 여인인 언니와 머지않아 폐경을 맞게 될 화자 자신의 이야기를 통해 자궁에서 일어나는 현상과 그 과정 중에 느끼는 갱년기 중년 여성의 심리를 이야기하고 있다. 하지만 한 작품은 여성적 글쓰기를 통해 여성의 진솔한 경험을 이야기하고 있는 것에 반해 다른 한 작품은 실제적인 여성의 경험보다는 폐경기 여성의 심리나 상황이 다소 신비롭게 그려지고 있다. 이는 폐경기를 직접 경험한 여성작가와 그러한 경험에서 소외된 남성작가의 차이라고도 할 수 있다. 두 작품의 두드러진 차이는 『언니의 폐경』에서 언니는 남편의 갑작스러운 죽음과 함께 찾아든 자신의 갱년기 증상, 즉 폐경 증상을 순응적으로 받아들이고 있다. 반면에 『폐경전야』에서 화자는 자신의 갱년기 증상을 부정과 저항의 과정을 통해 역기능적 행동을 보이다가 자신의 몸의 변화를 점점 인정하고 받아들이는 모습을 보인다. 또한 『언니의 폐경』에서는 폐경을 맞은 언니가 폐경과 함께 자신의 여성성에 대해 문제 삼거나 미련을 가지지 않음으로써 현명한 어머니의 삶을 사는 것과는 달리, 『폐경전야』에서는 임신한 제자의 모습을 보고 자신도 아기를 갖고 싶다는 생각을 하다가 그것이 불가능하다는 것을 알고 잉태하는 생명을 사랑하는 한정적 모성에서 벗어나 생명을 가진 모든 것들을 사랑하는 확대된 모성애를 가지게 된다. 두 작품이 이러한 차이를 보이는 것은 남성 작가에 의해 쓰여 진 『언니의 폐경』은 여성에 대한 가부장제 사회에서의 기존 질서를 그대로 따르고 있기 때문이라고 생각할 수 있다. 두 작품이 이러한 차이를 보이는 것은 작가가 의도하지는 않았지만 기존의 사회적 관념들을 따르고 유지하고 있기 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 또한 두 작품에서 드러나는 차이는 작가 개인의 문제라기보다는 사회 전체의 문제로 볼 수 있을 것이다.

인공폐경이 여성의 다빈도암 진단에 미치는 영향: 갑상선암, 유방암, 자궁경부암을 중심으로

박지경,정현정 한국학교·지역보건교육학회 2024 한국학교지역보건교육학회지 Vol.25 No.2

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 인공폐경이 갑상선암, 유방암, 자궁경부암 진단에 미치는 영향을 규명하여, 여성의암 예방과 조기진단을 위한 기초자료를 제공하는 것이다. 방법: 2011년-2020년 국민건강영양조사 원시자료를 이용하여 분석하였다. 2011년-2020년 국민건강영양조사 조사대상자 79,262명 중 남성, 18세 이하, 80세 이상, 건강설문 미참여자, 결측치, 폐경 상태가 아닌 자를 제외하고 10,207명을 최종 연구대상자로 선정하였다. 이 중 갑상선암 진단자 248명(2.7%), 유방암 진단자225명(2.2%), 자궁경부암 진단자 143명(1.5%)으로 나타났다. 결과: 첫째, 갑상선암 진단군과 비진단군 간에 교육수준, 출산경험, 폐경유형에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로나타났다. 둘째, 유방암 진단군과 비진단군 간에 교육수준, 폐경 연령, 임신경험, 출산경험, 주관적 건강상태, 폐경유형에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 자궁경부암 진단군과 비진단군 간에 폐경 연령, 주관적건강상태, 폐경유형에 따라 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 넷째, 자연폐경에 비해서 인공폐경의 경우 여성의진단 확률은 갑상선암이 2.010배, 유방암이 3.872배, 자궁경부암이 14.902배 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 갑상선암, 유방암, 자궁경부암 모두에서 자연폐경에 비해서 인공폐경의 경우에 암 진단 확률이 증가하므로 암의 예방을 위하여 인공폐경을 경험하지 않도록 하는 것이 중요할 것으로 생각된다. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of artificial menopause on the diagnosis of thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer, and to provide basic data for cancer prevention and early diagnosis in women. Methods: Analysis was conducted using raw data from the 2011-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Among the 79,262 people surveyed in the 2011-2020 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 10,207 people were selected as the final research subjects, excluding men, those under 18 years old, those over 80 years old, those who did not participate in the health survey, those with missing data, and those who were not in menopause. Among them, 248 people were diagnosed with thyroid cancer (2.7%), 225 people were diagnosed with breast cancer (2.5%), and 143 people were diagnosed with cervical cancer (21.5%). Results: First, there appeared to be differences between the thyroid cancer diagnosed group and the non-diagnosed group depending on educational level, childbirth experience, and menopause type. Second, there appeared to be differences between the breast cancer diagnosis group and the non-diagnosis group depending on educational level, menopause age, pregnancy experience, childbirth experience, subjective health status, and menopause type. Third, there appeared to be differences between the cervical cancer diagnosis group and the non-diagnosis group depending on menopause age, subjective health status, and menopause type. Fourth, compared to natural menopause, in the case of artificial menopause, the diagnosis probability of women increased by 2.010 times for thyroid cancer, 3.872 times for breast cancer, and 14.902 times for cervical cancer. Conclusion: For thyroid cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer, the probability of cancer diagnosis increases in the case of artificial menopause compared to natural menopause, so it is considered important to avoid experiencing artificial menopause to prevent cancer.

공선옥의 『폐경전야』와 김훈의 『언니의 폐경』의 상호텍스트성 연구

류진아(Ryu, Jin-a) 부경대학교 인문사회과학연구소 2014 인문사회과학연구 Vol.15 No.1

이 연구에서는 공선옥의 <폐경전야>와 김훈의 <언니의 폐경>의 상호텍스트성을 여성주의적 관점에서 살펴보았다. 연구에서는 두 작품의 영향관계에 주목하기 보다는 차이점에 대해 살펴보았다. 그리고 남성작가와 여성작가에 의해 쓰여 진두 소설에서 자궁이 지닌 공간적 의미의 차이와 갱년기를 맞은 여성들이 어떻게 자신의 자아를 찾아가는지도 함께 살펴보았다 또한 앞서 살펴본 공간으로서의 자궁에 대한 인식과 중년여성의 자아 찾기를 여성주의적 관점에서 재검토해 보았다. 공선옥은 『폐경전야」에서 폐경기를 맞은 여성의 몸을 소외의 대상이 아닌 가치있고 성숙한 몸으로 그리고 있으며, 남성과는 다른 몸을 가진 여성의 경험과 여성이 가지고 있는 모성, 그리고 생명의 생성과 소멸의 공간으로서의 자궁에 대해 이야기하고 있다. 김훈 역시 『언니의 폐경」에서 중년의 여인인 언니와 머지않아 폐경을 맞게 될 화자 자신의 이야기를 통해 자궁에서 일어나는 현상과 그 과정 중에 느끼는 갱년기 중년 여성의 심리를 이야기하고 있다. 하지만 한 작품은 여성적 글쓰기를 통해 여성의 진솔한 경험을 이야기하고 있는 것에 반해 다른 한 작품은 실제적인 여성의 경험보다는 폐경기 여성의 심리나 상황이 다소 신비롭게 그려지고 있다. 이는 폐경기를 직접 경험한 여성작가와 그러한 경험에서 소외된 남성작가의 차이라고도 할 수 있다. 두 작품의 두드러진 차이는 『언니의 폐경』에서 언니는 남편의 갑작스러운 죽음과 함께 찾아든 자신의 갱년기 증상, 즉 폐경 증상을 순응적으로 받아들이고 있다. 반면에 『폐경전야』에서 화자는 자신의 갱년기 증상을 부정과 저항의 과정을 통해 역기능적 행동을 보이다가 자신의 몸의 변화를 점점 인정하고 받아들이는 모습을 보인다. 또한 『언니의 폐경』에서는 폐경을 맞은 언니가 폐경과 함께 자신의 여성성에 대해 문제 삼거나 미련을 가지지 않음으로써 현명한 어머니의 삶을 사는 것과는 달리, 『폐경전야』에서는 임신한 제자의 모습을 보고 자신도 아기를 갖고 싶다는 생각을 하다가 그것이 불가능하다는 것을 알고 잉태하는 생명을 사랑하는 한정적 모성에서 벗어나 생명을 가진 모든 것들을 사랑하는 확대된 모성애를 가지게 된다. 두 작품이 이러한 차이를 보이는 것은 남성 작가에 의해 쓰여 진 『언니의 폐경』은 여성에 대한 가부장제 사회에서의 기존 질서를 그대로 따르고 있기 때문이라고생각할 수 있다. 두 작품이 이러한 차이를 보이는 것은 작가가 의도하지는 않았지만 기존의 사회적 관념들을 따르고 유지하고 있기 때문이라고 할 수 있다. 또한 두 작품에서드러나는 차이는 작가 개인의 문제라기보다는 사회 전체의 문제로 볼 수 있을 것이다. The purpose of this study is the Gong Seon-ok's <The Night before Menopause> and Kim Hoon's <Elder Sister's Menopause> the feminist investigated the perspective of intersexuality. Research examined focuses on the relationship between the two works, rather than the impact of differences between the studies. And written by male authors and female writers Jean uterus with two new spatial differences between a rights-. Menopausal women with a map of how to get his ego investigation Moreover, as shown above, in the womb space of self-awareness and find middle-aged woman and looked to reconsider a feminist standpoint. Gong Seon-ok's of "The Night before Menopause" hit menopause in a woman's body that they are not subject to alienation and the value of the mature body, and the bodies of men and women with other women have the 'experience and mother's instinctive love, and the creation and destruction of life talk about the space as a womb. Kim Hoon's, too, "Elder Sister's Menopause" in the middle-aged and older women in menopause and soon his story about the speakers that will be what happens in the womb and during the process of middle-aged women feel menopause, which will talk about psychology. The most striking difference between the two works, "Elder Sister's Menopause" and the sudden death of her husband, in which she finds out all the menopausal symptoms, is her acceptance to these symptoms. On the other hand, "The Night before Menopause" the spokes man their menopausal symptoms and dysfunctional behaviors denied through the process of resistance to change in their body shape that looks more and more recognition and acceptance to show. Also "Elder Sister's Menopause" about menopause and menopause, along with his sister on the subject of female sexuality, or he has no regrets buying as opposed to the life of a wise mother, "The Night before Menopause" pregnant in the eyes of the disciples themselves I want to have a baby while it is impossible to know, to understand a life of love for life with limited maternal love for all things that have expanded into motherhood. These differences in the nνo works written by male authors see are real "Elder Sister's Menopause" for women in a patriarchal system society, because of the existing order, as it can be thought of as follows. These differences in the two works are not meant to be the artist who did not follow the existing social stereotypes, because they show can be maintained. The work also showed differences in the individual problem, rather than the artistic community as a whole to be able to see the problem.

여교사의 폐경 후 음성 특성

안병강(Byung Kang Ahn),안신욱(Shin Wook An),권순복(Soon Bok Kwon) 한국언어치료학회 2016 한국언어치료학회 학술발표대회 논문집 Vol.2016 No.12

Purpose: Studies associated with menopause and voice change for teachers are important issues, but the limited studies are conducted. this study investigates that the menopause has an influence on the voice through the comparative analysis of acoustic parameters and voice disturbance index of female teachers with menopause. Methods: In order to discover the characteristics of female voice teachers with menopause, 28 menopause middle school female teachers and 50 non-menopause middle school teachers participated in this study. In order to investigate the characteristics of the voice of female teachers with menopause, the comparative analysis of the acoustic speech parameters extension utterance /a/, /i/, /u/, MDVP of CSL was used, and nVHI-10 was used for evaluation to investigate the recognition accuracy of the speech between groups. Results: There were significant differences in the comparative analysis result of Fo, which is between acoustic parameters(Fo, jitter, shimmer, NHR) of /a/, /i/, /u/ according to menopause. The comparative result of between groups total score of nVHI-10 according to menopause, there were no statistically significant differences. The result from comparative analysis between sub-items, there were significant differences in E23 and E7. Total score of nVHI-10 through menopause, there were no significant differences in all of /a/,/i/,/u/ acoustic parameter(Fo, jitter, shimmer, NHR). Conclusions: There were no significant differences in total score of nVHI-10 even though Fo shows differences in female teachers with menopause compared to female teachers with non-menopause, because subjects did not recognize their own voices.

수술적 폐경과 자연 폐경에서 호르몬 보충요법 후 골반응의 차이

서유석(Y. S. Suh),박형무(H. M. Park),박선영(S. Y. Park),윤성준(S. J. Yoon),허민(M. Hur) 대한산부인과학회 1999 Obstetrics & Gynecology Science Vol.42 No.10

Objectives: surgical menopause, state of both oophorectomy, shows some different features compared to natural menopause. The purpose of this study was to compare effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy(HRT) in surgical menopause with it in natural menopause. Methods: bone mineral density was assessed in 71 surgically menopausal women at the time of starting HRT and was repeated after one year HRT. 28 were evaluated by quantitative computed tomography (QCT) and 43 were done by dual energy X ray absorptiometry (DXA). We divided the subjects into two groups according to the intervals between oophorectomy and the start of HRT(group 1: within 2 years after surgery, group 2: more than 2 years after surgery). Results: QCT-group 1 included 22 subjects, QCT-group 2 included 6. In group using DXA, 33 subjects were in group 1, and 10 in group 2. In natural menopause, 76 subjects were included and their bone mineral densities were assessed pre- and post-HRT(QCT: group 1, n=13, group 2, n=13, DXA: group 1, n=32, group 2, n=18) 1) Incidences of significantly decreased BMD in spite of HRT in surgically menopaused women were 59.0% in QCT-group 1, 60.6% in spine of DXA-group 1. These incidences are higher than those of natural menopause. 2) After 1 year estrogen replacement in surgical menopause, BMD decreased 6.86% by QCT and 1.15% by DEXA. But, surgical menopause women in group 1, BMD by QCT decreased 7.89%, spine BMD by DXA decreased 2.80%, femur neck BMD decreased 3.08%. Contrary to these results, BMD of natural menopause women increased 4.33%, 2.36%, and decreased 1.83%, respectively. Conclusion: Usual dosages of HRT cannot prevent acute bone loss effectively after both oophoectomized women. So, additional therapy will be prescribed to surgically menopaused women.

폐경후 호르몬 보충요법시 골밀도의 감소

박형무(Hyoung Moo Park),허민(M. Hur) 대한폐경학회 2000 대한폐경학회지 Vol.6 No.2

N/A Objective: Hormone replacement therapy(HRT) with estrogen, either alone or in cambination with progestogen has been well established for preservation of postmenopausal bone loss, However actual decrease in bone mineral density(BMD) is observed in some proportion of postmenopausal woman in practice, even though the use of bone-conserving doses of estrogen. The purpose of this study is to find out the incidence of the postmenopausal women with decreased BMD on HRT, the difference in incidence of the subjects with decreased BMD between natural and surgical menopause, and whether the factors such as duration of menopause, initial BMD and mode of HRT are influencing on the incidence of subjects with decreased BMD. Methods: One hundred-twenty one natural and thirty one surgical postmenopausal women on HRT were checked spine and femur BMD by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry at 1 year interval from Jan 1995 to May 1997. Results: The incidence of the subjects with decreased and significanly decreased spinc BMD in natural menopause was 24,8% and J7.5% respectively, At femur, the incidence of decrease and significant decrease in BMD was 33,0% and 22.9%, which was not statistically different from the incidence in spine BMD. In surgical menopause, the subjects with decreased and significantly decreased spine and femur BMD were markedly increased up to around 70% and over 50% respectively, which showed significant decrease compared with natural menopause. Duration of menopause, initial BMD and mode of HRT did not influence the incidence of significant decrease in BMD in natural menopause. Incidence of significant decrease in spine BMD was elevated within first 5 years of postmenopausal period in surgical menopause, but initial BMD did not influence this incidence. Conclusion: About 20% of natural and 50% of surgical postmenopausal women suffered from significant decrease in BMD even though conventional HRT. The incidence of decrease and significant decrease in femur BMD was not significantly different from incidence in spine BMD, and duration of menopause, initial BMD, and mode of HRT did not influence these incidence in menopause, except menopausal duration which was inversely associated with these incidence in surgical menopause.