인공적 도덕 행위자에 대한 융합접근의 철학적 기획

최현철,변순용 한국윤리학회 2019 倫理硏究 Vol.124 No.1

This article aims at philosophical analysis and planning for a hybrid approach to artificial moral agents. The goal of the AMA is to establish a realistic plan that has a moral awareness similar to human beings in the ethical dimension among the various approaches to AMA. Therefore, this study summarizes the moral cognitive models that have been discussed in philosophy, especially ethics, in order to accomplish these aims and goals. Through this process, this study regards the position that morality can be reduced to formal reasoning as the main idea of ​​top - down approach and distinguishes the main idea of ​​bottom - up approach that morality has self - manipulation as an emergent process. As a result, the study has gone beyond the limitations of virtue theory emphasized by W. Wallach & C. Allen in a hybrid approach, suggesting new plans for a more realistic AMA hybrid approach. 이 글은 인공적 도덕 행위자(Artificial Moral Agents)에 대한 융합(hybrid) 접근에 대해 철학적 분석과 기획을 목적으로 한다. 그리고 AMA를 둘러싼 여러 접근들 중 융합적 접근이 윤리학 차원에서 인간과 유사한 도덕적 인지를 갖추게 하는 현실적으로 기획 수립을 그 목표로 한다. 따라서 본 연구는 이러한 목적과 목표를 수행하기 위해 철학계에서, 특히 윤리학에서 지금까지 논의되고 있는 도덕적 인지 모형들을 정리하였다. 이 정리를 통해 본 연구는 도덕성이 형식적 추론으로 환원될 수 있다는 입장을 하향식의 주요 이념으로 간주하고 도덕성이 창발적 과정으로 자기 조작성을 가진다는 입장을 상향식의 주요 이념을 구분하였다. 그 결과로 본 연구는 웬델 월러치와 클린 알렌(W. Wallach & C. Allen)이 융합적 접근으로 강조한 덕 이론의 한계를 넘어, 보다 현실적인 AMA 융합적 접근에 대한 새로운 기획들을 제시하게 되었다.

조음음운장애 치료를 위한 하이브리드 접근법 개발의 기초 연구

석동일(Dong Il Seok) 한국언어치료학회 2008 言語治療硏究 Vol.17 No.2

The purpose of this study was to develop model about hybrid approach in articulation and phonological treatment techniques. Because this term reflect a combination of different techniques, I used term of hybrid approach. I analyzed the preview articulation and phonological treatment techniques which were recently developed on the premise of the hybrid approach in sides ideological and method essence with the object of 12 articulation and phonological treatment techniques which were presented by Seok Dong il(2004a). I suggest using the hybrid approach model which is possible by the analyzing the followings.   First, the preview ideological essence of the articulation and phonological treatment techniques is changing from behavioral point of view which has moved to a humanistic approach. The whole word approach or the communication centered approach is taking as the heart of its theory the center of articulation and phonological treatment techniques according to this tendency.   Second, the preview treating articulation and phonological in method essence is changing from the phoneme phase centered to treating efficiency and feature to reflected humanistic centered theory and communication centered theory. The point of view of treatment is moving from articulation to phonology or a communicative point of view. Consequently the treating environment is changing from a clinic centered by therapist to clinic plus home centered approach which therapist and parent team approach.   Third, the hybrid approach can development 6 type and 12 model such as 1+1, 1+1+1, 1+1+1+1, 1+1+1+1+1, 1+1+1+1+1+1+1, 1+1+1+1+1+1+1+1. I think that it which was founded on the preview analysis of essence of the articulation and phonological disorder can develop more models by the standard of another different point of view in addition to the 12 model. I propose that it is possible to associate similar techniques as well as different techniques of which character is very different.

A Hybrid Approach to Floating Quantifiers: Some Experimental Evidence

( Hee Jeong Ko ),( Eun Jeong Oh ) 경희대학교 언어연구소 2012 언어연구 Vol.29 No.1

Ko Heejeong & Oh, Funjeong, 2012, A Hybrid Approach to Floating Quantifiers: Sonic Experimental Evidence, Linguistic Research 29(1), 69-106+ The non-local dependency between a noun and its associate quantifier has been widely discussed. The details may differ, but the formal analyses of floating quantifiers can be divided into three schools of research. One is an adnominal approach, which argues that the noun and the quantifier are externally-merged together (at some point of the derivation), and that the noun has undergone lefiward movement in a later derivation (e.g. Kuroda 1983, Sportiche 1988, Ueda 1990, Boskovic 2004). Another is an adverbial approach, which claims that the quantifier modifies the event structure of the verb phrase, and that the noun and the quantifier are not related to each other by movement (e g Kayne 1975, Fukushima 1991, Bobaljik 1995, 2003, Brisson l998, Nakanish 2003, Kim and Yang 2006, Kim 2011). The other is a hybrid approach (e.g. Ishii 1998, Kang 2002, Ko 2005, 2007, Fitzpatrick 2006) which argues that some floating quantifiers are adnominals while some are adverbials. This paper evaluates the predictions and validity of the three approaches with new experimental data, and provides some evidence for the overall hybrid approach from on-line processing and off-line judgment data. At the conclusion of the paper, we also discuss remaining issues to solidify the hypotheses of the hybrid approach.

Multiple Sluicing in English and Its Implication for the Unconstrained Pseudosluicing Hypothesis

Jong Un Park 현대문법학회 2015 현대문법연구 Vol.86 No.-

The goal of this paper is double-folded. First, it is argued that the hybrid approach to multiple sluicing (Chang and Kim (2013)) makes better predictions than the leftward movement approach (Takahashi (1994), Richards (1997, 2001), Merchant (2001), Park and Kang (2007), Park (2014)); and the paper attempts to provide a possible solution to some of the empirical data, which Richards (2001) and Park and Kang (2007) report are challenging to the gapping approach (Nishigauchi (1998), Lasnik (2007, 2011)), the precursor of the hybrid approach. In doing so, this paper suggests updating Chang and Kim’s hybrid approach by extending Weir’s (2014) analysis of embedded sluicing (and fragment answers) in English. According to Weir, embedded sluicing is possible only when there are two CPs selected by bridging verbs and a limited set of non-bridging verbs, and this paper argues that multiple sluicing is an additional case that supports the existence of two CPs in embedded sluicing. Secondly, it is demonstrated that multiple sluicing in English is an empirical case that is not correctly predicted by Barros’s (2014) Unconstrained Pseudosluicing Hypothesis—namely that the sluicing of a cleft or a copular clause whose antecedent is not a cleft or a copular clause is another case of sluicing.

하이브리드 접근법에 의한 조음음운장애 치료 효과

석동일(Dong il Seok) 한국언어치료학회 2009 言語治療硏究 Vol.18 No.1

This study investigated treating the effects of articulation and phonological disorders in children using a hybrid approach. Both distinctive feature and phonological process approaches were combined as were family education and involvement; phonological awareness treatment; and humanistic-centered research theory. The effectiveness of the program was measured using a whole-word approach.The results of the study are as follows:First, this program resulted in an improvement of proportion of whole-word correctness, proportion of whole-word complexity, and proportion of whole-word proximity. Thus, the hybrid approach treatment was able to resolve articulation and phonological disorders in children.Second, the hybrid approach treatment overcame the limitations of treatment techniques. Thus, it was possible to vary the treatment for variable articulation and phonological disorders in children.Third, the hybrid approach treatment made possible the changing of a previous technique (matching of children's view) to an order therapy (applying for treatment technique).

A Hybrid Approach to Floating Quantifiers: Some Experimental Evidence

고희정,오은정 경희대학교 언어정보연구소 2012 언어연구 Vol.29 No.1

The non-local dependency between a noun and its associate quantifier has been widely discussed. The details may differ, but the formal analyses of floating quantifiers can be divided into three schools of research. One is an adnominal approach, which argues that the noun and the quantifier are externally-merged together (at some point of the derivation), and that the noun has undergone leftward movement in a later derivation (e.g. Kuroda 1983, Sportiche 1988, Ueda 1990, Bošković 2004). Another is an adverbial approach, which claims that the quantifier modifies the event structure of the verb phrase, and that the noun and the quantifier are not related to each other by movement (e.g. Kayne 1975, Fukushima 1991, Bobaljik 1995, 2003, Brisson 1998, Nakanish 2003, Kim and Yang 2006, Kim 2011). The other is a hybrid approach (e.g. Ishii 1998, Kang 2002, Ko 2005, 2007, Fitzpatrick 2006) which argues that some floating quantifiers are adnominals while some are adverbials. This paper evaluates the predictions and validity of the three approaches with new experimental data, and provides some evidence for the overall hybrid approach from on-line processing and off-line judgment data. At the conclusion of the paper, we also discuss remaining issues to solidify the hypotheses of the hybrid approach.

A Hybrid Approach to English Verb Phrase Ellipsis

Hahm Hyun?Jong 새한영어영문학회 2010 새한영어영문학 Vol.52 No.2

Verb Phrase Ellipsis (VPE, hereafter) is a complex phenomenon where a verb phrase (VP) constituent does not appear under some kind of identity with another VP in the discourse (Potsdam 1997: 353). This research gives an analysis of VPE in English finite clauses. The various circumstances of VPE are permitted in systematic ways. I mainly adopt the analyses given by Lasnik (1995, 1999) in the hybrid lexical properties towards main verbs versus auxiliary verbs and Kim (1998, 2000) in different lexical types of the negative word not. The analysis of this paper is given in the generative framework. This paper accounts for VPE in English finite clauses under the following claims. First, main verbs in English are bare in the lexicon while auxiliary verbs have and be are fully inflected, following Lasnik’s (1995, 1999) theory. Second, VPE is permitted when it shows morphological identity between the target VPs and their antecedents; and the elided target VPs are c-commanded by T. Unlike Lasnik’s theory, the stranded affix filter is not supported in this paper. Third, the English negated word not is analyzed as either the head of NegP, which takes TP as a complement phrase, or an adverb adjoining to V’ or Asp’, following Kim’s (1998) analysis in the non-transformational approach. Unlike the Neg head not, the negated word not, including any other adverbs, cannot be stranded due to their semantic interpretation. The apparently complicated VPE phenomenon is analyzed systematically by the different lexical properties of the words in the syntactic phrase structures.

Graphical and mathematical analysis of fuel cell/battery passive hybridization with K factors

Lee, Sang C.,Kwon, Osung,Thomas, Sobi,Park, Sam,Choi, Gyeung-Ho Elsevier 2014 APPLIED ENERGY Vol.114 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Hybridization is a promising method for enhancing the quality of the power supplying system including fuel cells which is not capable of meeting load demand statically or dynamically. Though there have been much research advances on hybridization, systematic studies are insufficient to reveal fundamental characteristics. In this study, we systematically categorize passive hybrid topologies, which are battery state of charge (SoC) controlled, fuel cell relative humidity (RH) controlled, and battery–fuel cell controlled, respectively. Each hybrid topology can be analyzed based on the graphical and mathematical method for fundamentally understanding and designing the hybrid system. First, in the graphical method, <I>I</I>–<I>V</I> curves, which represent the characteristics of the intrinsic properties of each device, are used for the understanding of the current sharing and power sharing of the hybrid system. Second, the mathematical method based on the relations deduced from each characterization curve is used for a more detailed understanding on topology to find key factors of hybridization. The results show that the power sharing of hybridization is strongly connected to the fundamental properties of each device, and it can be expressed by a combination of two factors <I>K</I> <SUB> <I>V</I> </SUB> and <I>K</I> <SUB> <I>R</I> </SUB>, which represent the electrical potential and internal resistance ratio of each device, respectively.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> A novel graphical and mathematical method is utilized for analyzing hybrid system. </LI> <LI> A piecewise linear model of a fuel cell and a linear <I>I</I>–<I>V</I> model of a battery are suggested. </LI> <LI> The K-factors are firstly proposed, <SUB> K R </SUB> = <SUB> R B </SUB> / <SUB> R F </SUB> and <SUB> K V </SUB> = ( <SUB> V B 0 </SUB> - <SUB> V L </SUB> ) / ( <SUB> V F 0 </SUB> - <SUB> V L </SUB> ) . </LI> <LI> The current sharing relationship is quantitatively revealed, i.e. <SUB> K I </SUB> = <SUB> K V </SUB> / <SUB> K R </SUB> . </LI> </UL> </P>

Simple noncovalent hybridization of polyaniline with graphene and its application for pseudocapacitor

Jo, Seongho,Park, Young Ho,Ha, Seong-Gyoun,Kim, Sung Min,Song, Changsik,Park, Sung Young,In, Insik Elsevier 2015 Synthetic metals Vol.209 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>We report the facile preparation of polyaniline-decorated chemically reduced graphene oxide hybrid as electrode materials for pseudocapacitive supercapacitors. The hybridization process of commercially available polyaniline on chemically reduced graphene oxide is based on totally noncovalent approach using π–π interaction between π-rich polyaniline and 2D π-conjugated chemically reduced graphene oxide. Hybrid of polyaniline and chemically reduced graphene oxide demonstrated enhanced specific capacitance of 320F/g at 1.0A/g and superior pseudocapacitive cycling performance (retention of 55% after 1000 cycles) compared with pristine polyaniline (138F/g at 1.0A/g, retention of 31% after 1000 cycles) through the synergic effects of electrically conducting and mechanically robust graphene with high surface area in the hybrid.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Hybridization of conducting polymer with graphene through simple noncovalent approach. </LI> <LI> Spontaneous binding of conducting polymer on graphene. </LI> <LI> Synergic effects of graphene on the pseudocapacitive performance of conducting polymer. </LI> <LI> Superior pseudocapacitive performance of polyaniline/graphene hybrid compared with polyaniline. </LI> <LI> Superior cycling performance of hybrid electrodes compared with polyaniline. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

혼합형 메타휴리스틱 접근법을 이용한 지속가능한 폐쇄루프 공급망 네트워크 모델: 국내 모바일폰 산업을 중심으로

윤영수 한국산업정보학회 2024 한국산업정보학회논문지 Vol.29 No.1

In this paper, a sustainable closed-loop supply chain (SCLSC) network model is proposed for domestic mobile phone industry. Economic, environmental and social factors are respectively considered for reinforcing the sustainability of the SCLSC network model. These three factors aim at minimizing total cost, minimizing total amount of CO2 emission, and maximizing total social influence resulting from the establishment and operation of facilities at each stage of the SCLSC network model. Since they are used as each objective function in modeling, the SCLSC network model can be a multi-objective optimization problem. A mathematical formulation is used for representing the SCLSC network model and a hybrid meta-heuristic approach is proposed for efficiently solving it. In numerical experiment, the performance of the proposed hybrid meta-heuristic approach is compared with those of conventional meta-heuristic approaches using some scales of the SCLSC network model. Experimental results shows that the proposed hybrid meta-heuristic approach outperforms conventional meta-heuristic approaches