미군정기 농사교도국(農事敎導局) 신설과 해체 과정

이창섭(Chang Seop Lee) 한국외국어대학교 역사문화연구소 2024 역사문화연구 Vol.90 No.-

본 연구는 미군정기 농민교도기관이었던 농사교도국의 신설과 해체 과정을 분석하여 미국식 농사교도사업의 내용과 성격 등을 구체화하였다. 또한 민주적 농정이 이승만 정권의 관치주의 농업정책과 상호대립하면서 소멸되고 잠복된 과정을 추적하였다. 분석된 자료는 농사교도국 신설 과정 및 활동 등이 담긴 미군정 문서와 농사교도국장이 남긴 회상록 등이다. 분석 결과, 농사교도국은 첫째, 창설의 과정은 식민성과 대응되는 새로운 가치의 표상이었으나, 그 추세에 대응하는 식민지 농정의 관성이 엿보인다. 둘째, 신설된 농사교도국은 교도직원 확충과 같은 양적 강화 모색과 아울러 질적 강화책을 추진함으로써 농사교도국의 효율적인 운영을 모색하였다. 셋째, 이승만 정부가 수립되자, 미국식 농사교도사업에 대한 인식 및 운용 방법에 대한 회의가 나타났다. 그로 인해 식민지 농정의 유산이 제1공화국의 농업행정의 주류로 다시금 부상하였다. 농사교도국의 신설은 절차적 민주주의를 중시하는 미국식 근대화, 가치체계 그리고 생활양식의 확산 과정이었다. 미국의 민주주의는 반공주의를 내재한다는 측면에서 농사교도국의 신설과 활동은 미국의 대한반도 정책의 냉전적 목표와도 조응하는 것이었다. 농사교도국의 신설과 해체 과정은 그와 같은 복합적인 층위, 그러니까 민주주의와 냉전의 양 측면을 동시에 보여주는 것이라 하겠다. 그럼에도 불구하고 농사교도국 신설은 농촌의 자치성과 농민의 자주성 그리고 일반민주주의 등을 농촌사회로 전파하여 이를 현실화하려는 목표 하에 수행된 것이었으므로, 일제의 식민지 농정과는 준별되는 것이다. This study explores establishment and disbandment of The Agricultural Extension Service In USArmy Military Government in South Korea and reviews Political and social meaning. To do so, we analyzed the US Army Military Government in Korea (USAMGIK) documents and memorandum of South Korean agricultural officials, including the U.S. military's response to agricultural issues, discussions on the establishment of the Agricultural Extension Service and activities. A comparative study was also conducted with the agricultural policies of the Syngman Rhee regime to identify the characteristics of the Agricultural Improvement Service and the Agricultural Extension Service that USArmy Military Government established. The results of this study are as follows. First, The process of creation of the Agricultural Extension Service was a manifestation of new values that countered coloniality. But We can also see the reaction of countering the tendency. Second, the newly created agricultural experiment organization achieved a qualitative strengthening of rural leaders along with a quantitative strengthening, including the expansion of rural leaders, which laid the foundation for the achievements of the Agricultural Extension Service. Third, the establishment of Syngman Rhee's regime brought about a major change in the perspective and operation of agricultural extension, which led to the atrophy and disappearance of the Agricultural Extension Service and the emergence of the legacy of colonial agriculture into the mainstream of Korean agricultural administration. The creation and activities of the Agricultural Extension Service were process of the spread of American values that emphasized procedural democracy. Not only that, The establishment of The Agricultural Extension Service was in line with the Cold War goals of the United States. It was therefore likely to be promoted by the USArmy Military Government’s rural stabilization policy. But this was qualitatively different from colonial agrarianism in that modern values based on democracy were spread to rural society.

농업기술전파 커뮤니케이션 비교연구

김성수 서울대학교 농업개발연구소 2000 농업생명과학연구 Vol.4 No.-

This study reports on a comparison between the Korean diffusion of agricultural innovation or extension service and the cooperative extension service in the United States of America. It focuses on relevant differences between the two systems and provides recommendations for improvement of the Korean system to insure success in important areas related to the diffusion of agricultural innovations. After a comparative study on diffusion of innovations it is clear that, in order to have a productive agriculture that makes effective and efficient use of natural resources and helps achieve sustainability goals, a mechanism that delivers knowledge to agricultural communities must be established and maintained. This mechanism is clearly and agricultural extension service that is cooperatively funded by federal, state and local governments and that insures participation of constituents in the process of establishing priorities and evaluating achievements. The success of US agriculture, one of the most productive in the world, is to a large degree to the Cooperative Extension Service. Based on the results of this study and the differences of the United States and Korea, the following recommendations should be emphasized for more effective communication for agricultural innovation and rural development in Korea: 1) In order to insure that extension educators are high caliber professional individuals, it is important to establish a system that nationally recognizes these individuals as such, and that provides a professional development path. 2) The results of the decision of transfer of extension educators to local governments has not yielded positive outcomes, especially in terms of professional status. It is clearly demonstrable that valuable professionals are leaving the service, that local governments do not have the will and resources to implement a successful extension program. 3) Because of the critical importance of diffusing innovations to agricultural producers in order to insure and quality and steady food supply, it is of critical importance that these issues be addressed before the extension service is further deteriorated. Given the current situation, it is clear that the extension service should become nationally supported again in cooperation with local and state governments and that extension professionals be given appropriate rank at the national level, commensurate with their peers in research and teaching. 4) The common current committee practice of lengthy reporting and short discussion needs to be changed to one that results in clear, brief and substantive action oriented goals. Joint participation by researchers, extension educators and farmers should be encouraged in planning, implementation and evaluation of communication for agricultural innovations. Roles and functions of committees for institutional cooperation, and or agricultural extension committees should be enlarged. 5) Extension educators should be encouraged to adopt new communication technologies to improve their diffusion of innovations methods. Agricultural institutions and organizations should be encouraged to adopt farmer-first and or client-oriented approach in agricultural extension and diffusion of agricultural technologies. The number, complexity and rapid change of information in agricultural extension require the development of a computer based information and report system to support agricultural extension. 6) To facilitate and expand the further development of communication for agricultural innovation and rural development, agricultural communication programs in universities especially in colleges of agriculture and life science. 7) To strengthening the sense of national and social responsibility communication for agricultural innovation and rural development among students in agricultural colleges and universities through participation in learning activities by proactive recruitment. 8) To establish and reinforce a policy that insures participation in communication for agricultural innovation and rural development activities. 9) To improve further development of communication for agricultural innovation and rural development in Korea, more research activities should be encouraged.

복지국가의 사회서비스 제도화 및 재구조화에 대한 고찰

박수지(Park Su-Sie) 한국사회복지학회 2009 한국사회복지학 Vol.61 No.3

본 논문은 복지국가의 사회서비스 발전과정을 개괄하고 독일의 사회서비스 제도화 및 재구조화 과정을 분석함으로써 이것이 현재 진행 중인 한국의 전자 바우처 중심 사회서비스 제도화 과정에 줄 수 있는 함의를 논의하고자 한다. 이를 위해 우선 복지국가의 사회서비스 확대 및 재정비 경향을 제솝의 workfare 논의를 바탕으로 그리고 국가의 사회서비스 개입 지점을 혁신 개념을 중심으로 분석하였다. 다음으로 독일의 사회서비스 제도화 및 재구조화 경향을 고찰하였다. 마지막으로 한국의 사회서비스 제도화에 줄 수 있는 함의를 공급체계와 생산체계의 구분 및 형성, 지역사회 구심점 설정, 생산자 지원 방식의 활성화 그리고 생산주체로서 비영리조직 역할의 확대로 제시하였다. This is a study to review provision and production system of social services in European welfare states and find out implications to Korea. Firstly, trends of social service extension and reorganization in welfare state restructuring process, and approaches in interventions to social service system are theoretically discussed. In this discussion, we focus on the discussion of Jessop's workfare in social service extension and reorganization and the concept of innovation in intervention to social service system by state. Then, In order to look at details of reorganization of social service system through restructuring of European welfare states, German case is reviewed. In this review, the reorganization of social service provision and production system in Germany is analyzed through the comparison with the pre-existing system in terms of relationships with public sector as well as between public and private sector respectively. Finally, implications of the European and German experiences to Korea are explored. In order to do so, the state of social services in Korea is examined whilst comparing to the European development process of social services. Also, pros and cons of the electronic voucher scheme, which transforming the social service provision system in Korea, are discussed then challenges in Korean social service delivery system are discussed.

SNS 메신저 기반 확장서비스 인식이 이용의도에 미치는 영향: 신뢰와 정보의 조절효과

이영희 ( Lee Younghee ),류미현 ( Ryu Mi Hyun ) 한국소비자학회 2018 소비자학연구 Vol.29 No.5

본 연구는 정보통신기술의 발전과 모바일 이용의 증가로 다양한 서비스들이 모바일을 통해 제공되는 시점에서 SNS 메신저 기반 확장서비스 인식과 이용의도와의 관계를 확인하였으며, 특히 제공되는 서비스를 네비게이션 서비스, 엔터테인먼트 서비스, 라이프스타일 서비스로 구분하여 서비스간의 차이를 검증하였다. 또한 서비스에 대한 신뢰 및 정보의 조절효과를 검증하여 소비자의 확장서비스 이용의도를 보다 폭넓게 살펴보았다. 연구결과 첫째, SNS 메신저 기반 확장서비스의 이용의도에 대한 유의한 영향요인은 사회적 영향과 지각된 즐거움이 공통적으로 나타났으며, 각 서비스 별로 차이를 보였다. 둘째, 각 서비스별 차이를 검증한 결과 서비스의 특성에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 SNS 메신저 기반 확장 서비스 인식이 이용의도에 미치는 영향에서 신뢰와 정보의 조절효과를 검증한 결과, 엔터테인먼트 서비스와 라이프스타일 서비스에서 신뢰의 조절효과가 나타났으며, 정보의 조절효과는 엔터테인먼트 서비스에서만 나타났다. 따라서 제공되는 서비스에 대한 신뢰를 구축할 수 있도록 서비스의 지속적인 관리에 신경을 써야할 것이며, 신뢰 구축방안 마련 시 이용자들의 특성도 함께 고려되어야 할 것이다. 또한 정확하고 시기적절하게 관련 정보를 충분히 제공함으로써 소비자들의 서비스 이용을 증가시킬 수 있을 것이다. 본 연구를 통해 소비자에게는 제공되는 SNS 메신저 기반 확장서비스의 유용한 활용과 이를 통한 소비 생활의 질을 향상시키는데 도움이 될 것이며, 기업에서는 SNS 메신저 기반 확장서비스 영역별로 적절한 서비스를 제공하기 위한 마케팅 전략을 수립하는데 기초자료로 이용할 수 있을 것이다. Presently, along with the development of ICT and increase of mobile use, a variety of services are being provided in mobile environment. The purpose of this study is to examine correlation between recognition on SNS messenger-based extended services and use intention and particularly verify difference between services by dividing services provided into navigation services, entertainment services, and lifestyle services. Also, by verifying the moderating effects of trust in services and information, this author has looked into use intention about those extended services more profoundly. According to the results, first, as factors influencing use intention about SNS messengerbased extended services significantly, social influence and perceived enjoyment are found commonly, and there is difference observed between services. Second, according to the results of verifying difference among services, there is significant difference observed by the characteristics of those services. Lastly, according to the results of verifying the moderating effects of trust and information in correlation between recognition on SNS messenger-based extended services and use intention, trust exerts moderating effects in entertainment services and lifestyle services, and the moderating effect of information is observed only in entertainment services. Therefore, it is needed to pay attention to consistent management on services to build up trust about those services provided, and it is also necessary to consider user characteristics when devising plans to build up trust. Also, if related information is provided sufficiently and accurately at the right time, it will be possible to increase consumers’ service use. With this research, it will be possible to allow consumers to utilize SNS messenger-based extended services provided usefully and also enhance the quality of their consuming life through that. In addition, this study can be used as foundational material to establish marketing strategies in companies to provide appropriate SNS messenger-based extended services in different areas.

地方職化 以後 農村指導事業의 推進 方向

황대용,류진춘,하태일 慶北大學校農業科學技術硏究所 1998 慶北大農學誌 Vol.16 No.-

As a result of the execution of the import liberalization and local autonomy with WTO system launching, centralized rural extension service converted to localized rural extension service. This advent of globalization and localization era affects our over all agricultural condition, moreover the duty and role of rural extension organization which take complete of rural extension, is compelled to diversified and specified technology. In this study, first we will investigate the change of agricultural, rural community, and local rural extension service in globalization and localization era. Second we will analyze the confronted problems of local rural extension service. With this study's outcome for basis, we will present new role and direction of local rural extension service which can contribute to local agricultural development.

임기제 공무원의 근무기간 연장과 기대권

박수근,김우경 한국노동법학회 2023 노동법학 Vol.- No.87

In the eye of the law, public official is classified as general public official who can work until retirement age and as public official in a fixed term position who can work until the end of the period of service. It is the important matter for public official in a fixed term position that legal protection to employment instability. Former state public officials act has articles about ‘public official in contractual service’. It was changed to ‘public official in a fixed term position’ at 2012. The period of service of public official in a fixed term position shall termintate at the end of the period of service, but Degree On The Appointment Of Public Officials has articles about extension of the period service to 5 or 10 years. However, if a public official in a fixed term position wants to extend the period of service, there is no leal means to take. So, more research is necessary about the current law and solution for employment instability. This matter is located between administrative law and labor law, so it could be difficult matter. In this paper, we reviewd this matter at three aspects. 1st, in comparison with general public official, verify the legal characteristics of public official in a fixed term position. 2nd, based on legal charateristics, seek the application possibility of theory of the right of expectation through the principle of trust protection and theory of contracts under public law. 3rd, find legal means can be taken by public official in a fixed term position who wants to extend the period of service.

경험확장과 고객 만족에 영향을 미치는 테마파크 서비스 편의성 요인

구원일(Koo, Wonil) 한국서비스경영학회 2017 한국서비스경영학회 학술대회 Vol.2017 No.11

This study was to find out how the service convenience of the theme park was connected with visitor"s experience extension and customer satisfaction. Service convenience were found to be related to experience extension and customer satisfaction. There was a difference in the service convenience experienced in the theme park depending on the degree of direct relevance to visitors. The relationship between experience extension and customer satisfaction was found to be linked to customer satisfaction through sharing experience. For the hypothesis test, it analyzed the effect of service convenience of the theme park on customer satisfaction. Factors affecting the experience extension were three items: transaction convenience, benefit convenience(information), and access convenience. It was judged that the customer shared the experiences of the main purpose of the theme park with others in terms of various service convenience. In other words, visitors could be seen as reaching customer satisfaction through experience extension. From this point of view, it was expected possible continuous development through management of the convenience factors of theme parks.

Web 서비스와 XML 기반 e-Commerce 기술

안경희 인제대학교기초과학연구소 2002 자연과학 Vol.6 No.-

인터넷의 급속한 확산에 따라 이를 이용하는 전자상거래가 기업과 고객, 기업과기업 등에서 다양한 거래가 활성화되고 있다. 인터넷 기술은 웹 어플리케이션 형태로 서비스를 제공하였으나 인터넷 사용자수 폭등으로 인하여 다양한 웹 어플리케이션들을 효율적으로 통합하는 웹 서비스 방식으로 옮겨가고 있다. 과거 소프트웨어에 대한 소유 개념에서 점차적으로 접속 또는 서비스개념으로 변하고 있다. 그러나 웹 서비스의 기술은 기업환경에서의 e-Commerce에 적용하기에는 아직까지 많은 문제점 들이 있으며, 이로 인해 웹 서비스 보급 및 발전에 걸림돌이 되고 있다. 웹 서비스는 현재의 XML(eXtensible Markup Language)기술을 기반으로 기존의 웹 환경을 이용한 분산 컴퓨팅을 가능케 함으로써 웹을 통한 시스템 통합을 용이하게 한다. 그리고 XML/EDI(Electronic Data Interchsnge)는 개방된 표준을 지향하며 XML로 트랜잭션에 대한 내용을 표현하고 주변 시스템과의 표준 인터페이스를 개발을 유도한다. 본 논문은 웹 서비스에 대한 기술과 XML을 기반으로 하는 기업간 전자상거래 기술의 대한 연구를 개발자 측면에서 수행하였다. In accordance with the rapid assimilation of the Internet,there is a revitalization of businesses incorporated in electronic transactions between business and consumers or business and businesses. Internet technology has been in service in the form of web applications. Due to an increase of internet users, internet technology has been transformed into a web service that can efficiently combine different web applications. It is gardually changing from a concept of software ownership into a concept of interface or service. Application of Web Service Technology into E-Commerce in a business environment still has many problems which is an obstacle for web services distribution and advancement. Web Services, on the basis of present XML technology, makes distribution computing using present web conditions possible, providing simple system integration using the web.

산림경영 지도사업의 경제적 효과 분석

권오복 ( Oh Bok Kwon ) 한국산림경제학회 2014 산림경제연구 Vol.21 No.1

이 논문의 목적은 1978년부터 본격적으로 실시한 산림경영지도사업의 경제적 효과를 분석하는 데 있다. 분석 결과 산림경영지도사업은 2005~2012년간 임업성장의 30% 정도를 설명하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 산림경영지도사업은 생산자와 소비자 모두의 후생을 늘리는 역할을 해왔는데 특히 소비자에게 더 많은 후생을 가져다 준 것으로 분석되었다. 결론으로서 산림경영지도사업의 성과를 높이고 제 기능을 다 하게 하기 위해 인건비 등 예산 지원이 현실화되어야 함을 강조 하였다. This paper analyzes the economic effects of the forest management extension service. It is analyzed that during the period of 2005~2102 the forest management extension service accounts for 30 % of forestry growth. Furthermore it is also turned out that the forest management extension service has contributed to increase both producer and consumer welfare with more to latter. As a conclusion, it is emphasized that the budgetary support for the forest management extension service including personnel expenses needs to be expanded.

농촌지도기관 간 연계 협력강화 방안에 관한 연구

윤의영(Eui Young Yoon) 한국농촌지도학회 2007 농촌지도와 개발 Vol.14 No.1

Localization of extension services in 1997 has weakened the linkage and cooperation between the central and district extension agencies(Provincial Agricultural Research & Extension Services and City & County Technology Centers). Since agriculture needs a national or regional dimension approach in many senses, it is important for agricultural prosperity to maintain and even further strengthen the practice of cooperation between different levels of governments and extension agencies. The objective of this study was to suggest policy measures to strengthen the linkage and cooperation between agricultural extension agencies. Existing works were reviewed to see a general picture of problems associated with the localization of extension services. In order to gain insight into policy measures, questionnaire surveys to extension staffs in districts(8 of 9 Provincial Agricultural Research & Extension Services and 160 of City & County Technology Centers) were conducted. Survey respondents were mainly asked about policy measures which would contribute to strengthen the linkage and cooperation between extension service agencies. Three policy measures derived from the study are: to expand the professional and technological education at the central level; to establish the central-local partnership; and to strengthen the linkage and cooperation between city & county agricultural technology centers.