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A Review on The Agricultural Trade in Korea : 對美貿易을 中心으로 With Special Reference to U.S.
潘性紈 서울대학교농과대학농업개발연구소 1989 서울대농학연구지 Vol.14 No.1
1960年代 以後 韓國經濟는 輸出主導型 外向的 經濟開發計劃으로 刮目할만한 成長을 이룩하였다. 그러나 이러한 經濟政策으로 因해 農業部門에 對한 投資는 그의 國民經濟에의 貢獻度에 미치지 못하여 農業의 成長은 非農業部門에 比하여 크게 뒤지게 되고, 그 結果로 相對的 地位가 현저하게 低下하고 있는 實情이다. 그럼에도 不拘하고 近來에 와서 對美貿易黑字로 因해 美國으로부터 農産物市場의 開放을 强力하게 要求 當하고 있다. 그러나 韓國農業은 그 零細性으로 因해 市場의 完全開放은 農業을 破綻으로 이끌것으로 展望된다. 本 硏究는 韓國農業 및 對美貿易의 實相을 밝히고 市場開放化의 實相을 개략적으로 考察한다. 1. 韓國의 農民 1人當 耕地面積은 美國農民의 그것에 比하여 1%에 不過하여 規模面에서 競爭의 相對가 되지 않는다. 2. 1987년의 總輸出은 47,281百萬弗이고 輸入은 41,019百萬弗로서 6,262百萬弗의 貿易黑字를 實現했다. 3. 對美輸出은 總輸出의 38.1%인 18,000百萬弗, 輸入은 總輸入의 21.5%인 8,800百萬弗로서 9,200百萬弗의 貿易黑字를 나타냈다. 4. 한편 農業貿易은 輸出 725百萬弗, 輸入 4,204百萬弗로서 農業部門에서는 3,479百萬弗의 貿易赤字를 나타냈다. 5. 對美農業貿易에 있어서는 輸出 82百萬弗, 輸入 1,984百萬弗로서 1,902百萬弗의 貿易赤字를 나타냈다. 6. 美國으로부터의 農産物輸入은 1980∼1985년 사이에 全體農産物輸入의 約 54%를 占하였으나 1987년에는 47.2%로 떨어졌다. 6. 韓國農業은 關稅와 쿼터等 物量的인 輸入制限으로 保護되고 있으나, 關稅보다는 物量的 輸入制限의 役割이 相對的으로 크다. 1987년의 경우 名目保護率은 쌀 94%, 大豆 397%, 쇠고기 82%, 豚肉 60%였다. 7. 1987년 現在로 780品目의 農水産物의 輸入이 自由化되어 輸入自由化率은 74%이며 이는 全商品의 輸入自由化率 94%보다는 낮은 實情이다. 8. 農産物輸入을 完全開放하면 價格下落, 生産減退를 통해 農家의 實質所得이 크게 떨어질 것으로 한 硏究結果는 展望하고 있다. 예컨대 쌀 輸入의 完全開放은 價格이 62.1% 下落하고 生産이 30.6% 減退할 것이고, 쇠고기의 輸入自由化는 價格을 58.5%, 生産을 41.2% 減少시킬 것으로 추정하고 있다. 그리고 쌀, 大豆, 쇠고기 및 돼지의 輸入自由化는 農家의 實質所得을 約 35% 減少시킬 것으로 展望하고 있다.
이중용 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 농업개발연구소 1998 농업생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-
Conventional spraying method using the power sprayer has a danger for operator to be contacted with the agricultural chemicals during diluting it and a problem of disposing the residue solution after spraying. To avoid the above problems, instantaneous dilution sprayer which inject the agricultural chemicals into at the moment of spraying can be used. This study was accomplished to develope an instantaneous dilution device for wettable powder as the first step for development of the instantaneous spray, that could handle wettable powder as well as solution. The instantaneous dilution device was composed of powder feeder, mixing chamber, inline mixer, air vent. Powder feeder supplied the powder by the screw, and discharge rate of powder was controlled by regulating the revolutionary speed of motor. To check whether concentration of spray droplet are uniform, spectrophotometer was used. Measurement shows that concentration of spray satisfy the set point.
라인스켄 카메라를 이용한 현미의 온라인 품위판정 시스템 개발
노상하 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 농업개발연구소 1998 농업생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-
The aim of this study was to develop an automatic brown rice inspection system which could discriminate the brown rice kernels into the sound, cracked, chalky, green transparent, green opaque, white opaque, colored and red kernels. Primarily, an automatic feeding device was designed with a vibrator, flat belt conveyor and parallel rails to align and individualize the brown rice kernels in bulk state. Secondarily, discrimination algorithm was developed with a line-scan camera system equipped with optical fiber illumination. It was found that important factors to discriminate the brown rice kernels were length and cross section area of kernels, gray value gradient in lengthwise and histogram patterns of the kernel images. Discrimination accuracies of the neuro-net based algorithm using those factors were ranged from 85% to 97% except for the green-transparent and the red kernel samples. However, performance of the whole system including the feeding device was not satisfactory for on-site use. Further study on illumination method is required to improve the performance.
습지 농작업 부하 특성 구명과 습지용 주행장치 설계 기술 개발
김경욱 서울대학교 농업생명과학대학 농업개발연구소 1998 농업생명과학연구 Vol.2 No.-
The objectives of this project are to investigate the characteristics of loads acting on the transmission and final drive shaft of a tractor during rotary operations on wetland or a poorly drained land conditions and to develop a traction aid for pneumatic tires of the tractor to increase its traction performance on wetland conditions. In addition a computer program to predict the wheel performance under various soil conditions and to perform a sensitivity analysis for the wheel design was also developed. This work is support by the Tongyang Moolsan Co. and is a part of the project 'Development of a small and light-weight tractor for wetland use'. The tractor to be developed is aimed mainly to exporting to the rice growing regions in South-East Asian countires.
강문성,박승우 서울大學校 農業生命科學大學 農業開發硏究所 1995 서울대농학연구지 Vol.20 No.2
A stochastic model for generation daily weather data was formulated and tested with historical data from thirteen weather stations. The model generates daily precipitation, maximum and temperature, solar radiation, and relative humidity. It consists of theoretical probability functions, autoregressive models, and random number generators. A first-order transition matrix was adopted to generate daily precipitation sequences; residual autocorrelation matrices for the temperature and solar radiation, a skewed normal and triangular probability distribution function for precipitation and relative humidity, respectively, were adopted in the model. The models were tested the Chi-square goodness of fit historical records, and found to be statistically justifiable for most tested stations. The simulated weather data were well fit to the records, which demonstrates the applicability of the model to real-time weather data generation.