무릎관절의 근피로 유발 후 냉처치 요법 적용 시간이 피부온도 및 관절위치감각에 미치는 영향

최재일(Choi, Jae-Il),정승만(Jung, Seung-Man) 한국체육과학회 2019 한국체육과학회지 Vol.28 No.4

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cryotherapy time on the skin temperature and joint position sense after exercise-induced muscle fatigue of Knee Joint in 20 healthy male adults. The subjects of this study (n=20) participated in three trials, which included an non-cryotherapy, a 5-minute cryotherapy, and a 10-minute cryotherapy. Statistical analysis showed that the temperature of the thigh skin was 32. 54 ± 0 . 87 ℃ in the non-cryotherapy and the absolute error was 13.05 ± 2.98 ° in the knee joint position sense. The skin temperature of the thigh skin was 26.88 ± 2.29 ℃, which was significantly lower than that of the non-cryotherapy. The absolute error of the knee joint position sense was 9.70 ± 2.11 °,which was significantly lower than that of the non-cryotherapy and 10-minute cryotherapy. On the other hand, the skin temperature of the thigh skin was 22.01 ± 1.57 ℃ for 10-minute cryotherapy, and it was significantly lower than the non-cryotherapy and 5-minute cryotherapy. The absolute error of the knee joint position sense was 12.20 ± 3.14 °, which was significantly higher than that of 5-minute cryotherapy. Therefore, it is considered appropriate to apply cryotherapy less than 10 minutes in order to prevent muscle fatigue in sporting events.

대학야구선수 어깨관절의 근피로 유발 후 냉처치 요법 적용 시간이 피부온도 및 관절위치감각에 미치는 영향

최재일,신정엽 한국체육과학회 2020 한국체육과학회지 Vol.29 No.5

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of cryotherapy time on the skin temperature and joint position sense after exercise-induced muscle fatigue of Shoulder Joint in 20 university baseball players. The subjects of this study (n=20) participated in three trials, which included an non-cryotherapy, a 5 minutes cryotherapy, and a 10 minutes cryotherapy. Statistical analysis showed that the temperature of the shoulder skin was 34.32 ± 2.53 ℃ in the non-cryotherapy and the absolute error was 10.95 ± 2.65° in the shoulder joint position sense. In the case of 5 minutes cryotherapy, the skin temperature of the shoulder skin was 20.74±2.37 ℃, which was significantly lower than that of non-cryotherapy. The absolute error of the knee joint position sense was 8.50 ± 1.00°, which was significantly lower than that of the non-cryotherapy and 10-minute cryotherapy. On the other hand, the skin temperature of the shoulder skin was 16.11. ± 1.94 ℃ for 10-minute cryotherapy, and it was significantly lower than the non-cryotherapy and 5 minutes cryotherapy. The absolute error of the shoulder joint position sense was 10.05 ± 1.90°, which was significantly higher than that of 5-minute cryotherapy. Therefore, it is considered appropriate to apply cryotherapy less than 10 minutes in order to prevent a decrease in the sense of joint position in sporting events.

신장성운동 후에 냉각요법이 근손상지표 및 조직대사에 미치는 영향

이호성(Lee, Ho-Seong) 한국체육과학회 2012 한국체육과학회지 Vol.21 No.3

The purpose of this study was to examine effects of cryotherapy on muscle damage markers and tissue metabolism following eccentric exercise. Thirty adult men were randomly assigned to intensive cooling group (0℃, n=10), a moderate cooling group (25℃, n=10), or control group (no ice, n=10). All subjects performed eccentric exercise of the elbow flexors (10 sets of 6 repetitions, rest for 2 min between each set)) using the non-dominant. After 5 min, the elbow flexor muscles was treated for 20min at controlled temperature of either 0℃ and 25℃, and received non-cryotherapy treatment. Muscle damage markers (range of motion; ROM, circumference; CIR and visual analog scale; VAS) were measured before and after eccentric exercise, before and after cryotherapy, and 24, 48 72 hours after eccentric exercise. Tissue metabolism (surface and core temperatures, blood flow and oxygen dynamic (oxyhemoglobin; HbO₂, deoxyhemoglobin: Hb, total hemoglobinl tHb) were measured continuity measured before and after exercise, before and after cryotherapy, and 10 min after cryotherapy. ROM in flexor, CIR in median and VAS were significantly improved by cryotherapy (p<.05). Surface temperature was significantly lower at 0℃(p<.05) and 25℃(p<.05) compared to control, and core temperature was significantly lower at 0℃(p<.05) compared to control. Blood flow was significantly lower at 0℃(p<.05) after and 10 min after cryotherapy compared to 25℃ and control. HbO₂ and tHb were significantly lower at 0℃(p<.01) and 25℃(p<.01) after and 10 min after cryotherapy compared to control. However, Hb was significantly higher at 0℃(p<.01) and 25℃(p<.01) after and 10 min after cryotherapy compared to control. These results suggest that local tissue cooling inhibits exacerbation of damage, and leads to changes in local circulation, tissue metabolism and oxygen demand. It is thought that cryotherapy also needs to change application temperature if needed.

Does Immunotherapy of Viral Warts Provide Beneficial Effects When It Is Combined with Conventional Therapy?

( Jae Woo Choi ),( So Yun Cho ),( Jong Hee Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2011 Annals of Dermatology Vol.23 No.3

Background: Cryotherapy has been accepted as the mainstay in treating periunugal and palmoplantar warts. The major drawback of cryotherapy is the requirement of several unbearably painful treatment sessions. Objective: This study aims to assess the efficacy of immunotherapy in viral wart treatment, as an adjunctive method to cryotherapy. Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed on 124 patients visiting the hospital from January to December 2009 for the treatment of periungual and plantar warts. We analyzed the number of cryotherapy sessions necessary for treating warts and assessed the clinical benefits from the addition of other treatment modalities, by adjusting the various confounding factors. Results: Of the 124 investigated patients, immunotherapy with diphenylcyclopropenone (DPCP) was performed in 14 patients (11%), together with cryotherapy. After adjusting the factors related to the therapeutic difficulties of wart, the average number of cryotherapy sessions for the immunotherapy-combined group was significantly lower (3.58±1.25) than that for the cryotherapy only group (5.10±0.44) (p=0.026). However, there were no differences in the number of treatment sessions of cryotherapy when topical 5-FU/salicylic acid agents were added to the treatment. Conclusion: Immunotherapy may be a successful adjuvant to cryotherapy in reducing the number of agonizing cryotherapy sessions.

Extraocular muscle changes after cryotherapy for retinopathy of prematurity and the development of strabismus in premature infants

Young Suk Yu,Ki Chul Shin,Na Rae Kim,Eun Jung Lee,Sang In Khwarg,Hum Chung,Jaeheung Lee 대한안과학회 2001 Korean Journal of Ophthalmology Vol.15 No.2

To find out whether the cryotherapy for the treatment of the retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) causes structural changes of the extraocular muscle (EOM), and also whether the changes are related with the occurrence of strabismus. To examine the acute stage change, we conducted a transconjunctival cryotherapy around the superior rectus muscle of a rabbit and resected it 0, 3, 7, 14, and 28 days after the cryotherapy. In observing chronic changes, we first categorized patients who had an esotropia surgery into groups, one of which combined prematurity and cryotherapy and one group affected by prematurity but without having had cryotherapy. Then we compared the change of EOM with that of a fullterm infant group. In a rabbit, edema, acute inflammatory cells and a large amount of degenerated muscle fibers were observed immediately after the cryotherapy and on the 3rd day. On the 7th day, regenerated muscle fibers were observed and on the 14th day, the inflammatory cells decreased and the amount of regenerated muscle fiber increased. On the 28th day, abnormal findings were not observed any more and the muscle was found to be normal. When chronic changes of EOM in human on 1 1/2 to 8 1/2 years after cryotherapy, there were no abnormal findings observed in three groups. From the study, we can infer that cryotherapy can cause acute inflammation and necrosis of muscle fiber but such an acute change will improve and does not result in structural change in the long term. Therefore, the occurrence of strabismus in patients with ROP is considered to be attributable to reasons other than injury of EOM.

Analysis of Effect by Duration of Cryotherapy in the Posterior region of Neck for College Students

장지홍 한국정보전자통신기술학회 2023 한국정보전자통신기술학회논문지 Vol.16 No.5

Attention is a fundamental aspect in the cognitive process of human. Cognitive system of human body requires to focus on selected information among a vast amount of information from sensory organs. It has widely studied that various environmental factors affected the level of attention; however, few researches have aimed to the effect of direct cryotherapy. In this research, level of attention was studied comparing sub-indexes of FAIR test between groups with different duration of direct cryotheapy to the back of neck. FAIR test is a evaluation tool for visual attention consisting of three sub-indexes. Selective attention, accuracy of attention, and persistence of attention can be independently analyzed by FAIR test. In the analysis of selective attention, cryotherapy for 5 to 20 minutes showed higher result than cryotherapy for 40 minutes. In the analysis of persistence of attention, cryotherapy for 5 to 15 minutes showed higher result than cryotherapy for 40 minutes. Overall, selective attention and persistence of attention turns out to be maximized between 5 to 20 minutes of cryotherapy and tends to decrease afterwards. However, accuracy of attention does not seem to be affected by the duration of cryotherapy. Correlation between selective attention and the skin temperature by cryotherapy tends to be negative supporting the findings by ANOVA and post-hoc test. Correlation between persistence of attention and the skin temperature showed similar results.

Pain relief effect of anaesthetic cream in cryotherapy of plantar and palmar wart

( Min Wha Choi ),( Tai Kyung Noh ),( Tae Young Han ),( June Hyunkyung Lee ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.2

Background: Among the therapeutic modalities of plantar and palmar wart, cryotherapy using liquid nitrogen is probably the most common method. However, the pain experienced by the patient can be limiting factor in the effective use of cryotherapy. Objectives: We investigated the effectiveness of analgesia provided by a single application of anaesthetic cream after cryotherapy of wart. Methods: This study included patients with plantar and palmar warts who received cryotherapy. All patients were randomized to receive either anaesthetic cream or placebo. For each patient anaesthetic cream or placebo was applied during 1 hour under occlusion immediately after cryotherapy. Pain was evaluated 3 times using visual analogue scale at immediately after cryotherapy, 2 minutes after cream application and 1 hour after cream application. Results: The 88 patients were randomized to receive either anaesthetic cream or placebo. There was no statistically significant difference in visual analogue scale at 2 minutes after cream application between groups. However, the patients with anaesthetic cream experienced significant less pain at 1hour after cryotherapy compared to placebo. Conclusion: We found that effectiveness of analgesia provided by a single application of anaesthetic cream after cryotherapy of wart and we were expecting that reduced pain lead to improve effectiveness of treatment.

The Application of Machine Learning in Predicting Outcome of Cryotherapy and Immunotherapy for Wart Removal

( Yashik Singh ) 대한피부과학회 2021 Annals of Dermatology Vol.33 No.4

Background: Warts can be extremely painful conditions that may be associated with localised bleeding and discharge. They are commonly treated by cryotherapy or immunotherapy. However, each of these therapies have discomforting side effects and are no official dermatological guideline that exist that may be used to determine which of these methods would work on an individual patient. Objective: This study aimed at developing a machine learning algorithm that improved the prediction of the outcome of wart removing using cryotherapy and immunotherapy. Methods: Support vector machines, core vector machines, random forest, k-nearest neighbours, multilayer perceptron and binary logistic regression was applied on datasets in to create a model that predicted the outcome of an immunotherapy and cryotherapy treatments based on sex, age, time that has passed since last treatment, number of warts, type, area, diameter and result of treatment. Results: The average accuracy of the immunotherapy prediction was 88.6%±8.0% while the same measure for cryotherapy prediction was 94.6%±4.0%. The most efficient immunotherapy and cryotherapy model had an accuracy of 100%, predicating the correct treatment outcome when applied to all test cases. Conclusion: This study successfully created a machine learning model that improved the prediction ability of the outcome of immunotherapy and cryotherapy for wart removal. This model created a more in-depth guideline for understanding is immunotherapy would work and took a new approach to cryotherapy. (Ann Dermatol 33(4) 345∼350, 2021)

Effective Control of a Severely Progressive RRP with Repetitive Cryotherapy

( Jeehee Lee ),( Yong Chul Lee ),( Jae Seok Jeong ),( Yong Hun Choe ),( So Ri Kim ),( Kum Ju Chae ),( Myeong Ja Jeong ) 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 2021 대한결핵 및 호흡기학회 추계학술대회 초록집 Vol.129 No.0

Background Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis(RRP) is a rare disease characterized by multiple, relapsing papilloma throughout aerodigestive tract, caused by Human papillomavirus(HPV) infection. The predilection site is the larynx, but RRP can involve every site of airway, including trachea, bronchus, even lung parenchyme. Although several approaches including surgical excision and medication were attempted, there has been no definite curative treatment for RRP. In particular, its spread to the lower airways is uncommon, with involvement of trachea and/or proximal bronchi in 5% of the total RRP patients, and extension to the lungs in only 1% of the cases. Likewise, there are no definite treatment guidelines for the severe RRP, and management of RRP involving central airway is much more demanding. Methods Herein, we report our clinical case of successful management of rapidly progressive RRP symptom involving trachea and bronchi with repetitive cryotherapy. A 36-year-old male was admitted for a sudden onset of dyspnea. HRCT showed multiple polypoid lesions bulging into the lumen of the trachea and the left main bronchus. Diagnostic bronchoscopy demonstrated severely progressive multiple papillomata throughout the central airway. Pathologic examination revealed squamous papilloma with moderate dysplasia, and human papilloma virus type 11 was detected on polymerase-chain-reaction assay. For the management of the symptom, we decided to perform a series of cryotherapy. We performed 21 times of cryotherapy at three-day to two-week intervals from September 2019, to December, 2020. Results The patient has had 21 times of cryotherapy, and he receives regular follow-up outpatient care. Dyspnea and airway obstruction have been controlled effectively and stably with repeated cryotherapy up to now. Conclusion With cryotherapy, patient’s suffering symptoms caused by RRP were considerably abated. Cryotherapy can be an effective alternative among several possible treatments for RRP, even though no clear treatment guideline has been established for the disease.

운동 후 전신냉각요법 처치가 염증, 산화스트레스 및 혈액 구성에 미치는 영향

김태경 ( Tae-kyung Kim ),장용철 ( Yongchul Jang ) 한국체육대학교 체육과학연구소 2023 스포츠사이언스 Vol.41 No.3

고강도 운동은 미세한 근육 손상과 통증을 유발할 수 있으며, 운동 후 손상된 근육을 회복하기 위해 다양한 방법들이 사용되고 있다. 냉각요법(Cryotherapy)은 부종, 통증, 근육 경련 및 다양한 질병의 증상을 완화 시키는 것으로 보고되고 있으며, 조직의 온도, 혈류량, 세포의 부종 및 신진대사를 낮추고, 신경 전도 속도를 조절하여 진통의 효과를 나타낸다. 특히, 전신냉각요법(whole-body cryotherapy)은 온도 조절 챔버를 통해 차가운 공기를 이용하여 약 -110℃에서 -190℃로 유지되는 저온 환경에서 2~3분 동안 전신을 급성 노출시켜 체온을 낮추는 방법으로 최근 여러 스포츠 분야에서 많이 활용되고 있다. 선행 연구에 통해 전신냉각요법은 운동 후 회복에 효과적인 방법으로 제시하고 있다. 하지만 아직까지 대상자에 따른 구체적인 프로토콜은 정해져 있지 않으며, 그 기전에 관한 연구는 부족한 실정이다. 본 고찰은 전신냉각요법이 운동 후 염증, 산화스트레스 및 혈액 구성 개선을 통해 운동 후 회복에 미치는 주요기전에 대한 근거를 제공할 것이다. High-intensity exercise can cause microscopic muscle damage and pain. Therefore, a number of different methods have been used to help repair damaged muscles after exercise. Cryotherapy has been reported to relieve oedema, pain, muscle spasms and symptoms of various diseases. Cryotherapy produces analgesic effects by reducing tissue temperature, blood flow, cell swelling and metabolism, and modulating nerve conduction velocity. In particular, whole-body cryotherapy is a method of reducing body temperature by acutely exposing the whole body to a low-temperature environment maintained at approximately -110℃ to -190℃ for two to three minutes using cold air, and has recently been used in various sports field. Many studies have shown that whole-body cryotherapy is an effective method of post-exercise recovery. However, the mechanism underlying whole-body cryotherapy-induced muscle recovery and the appropriate protocols remain unclear. This review will provide evidence for the main mechanisms by which whole-body cryotherapy affects post-exercise recovery by ameliorating post-exercise inflammation, oxidative stress and hematology parameters.