정보사회와 노동통제: 사회,기술적 변화를 중심으로

오진욱 ( Jin Uk Oh ),정대용 ( Dae Yong Jeong ),최명원 ( Myung Weon Choi ) 한국산업노동학회 2014 산업노동연구 Vol.20 No.3

노동통제는 오랫동안 자본주의 노동과정과 함께 해온 역사적인 기제이다. 노동자들로부터 원하는 만큼의 노동력을 이끌어내어 최대 생산성을 달성하고, 이들의 저항을 최소화하기 위해 사용자들이 추구해온 노동통제는 정보사회에서도 마찬가지로 나타나고 있다. 사용자들이 전통적으로 행하던 노동통제의 형태들은 쇠약해지거나 특정 영역에서만 행해지고 있으며, 사용자는 변화하는 조직ㆍ사회 환경과 노동자의 저항에 대응하기 위해 정보화 통제라는 새로운 형태의 노동통제를 추구하고 있다. 정보화 통제는 비단 직장에만 국한되지 않고 노동자들에 대한 일상생활의 감시에 이르기까지 광범위하게 나타나고 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 산업사회 이후 전개된 사회ㆍ기술적 변화에 초점을 맞추어 노동통제의 변화과정과 정보기술을 활용한 노동통제의 특징을 고찰한다. 이를 위해 노동통제 연구의 고전인 Edwards(1979)의 논의와 정보감옥 논의(Zuboff, 1988)를 되짚어본다. 또한 기존의 고전적인 연구들을 재고하는 데 그치지 않고, 기존 노동통제의 한계점과 정보화 통제의 도래를 노동통제의 이론적인 관점에서 관계 짓는다. 구조적 노동통제의 형태는 사업 영역의 확대, 유연적 생산체계의 등장, 노동자의 구성의 변화로 인해 한계에 부딪히게 되었고, 정보기술은 생산의 효율성과 통제의 정도를 높이고자하는 사용자의 의도와 결합하여 조직의 중요한 통제 도구로써 활용되고 있다. 정보화 통제는 정보기술을 활용하여 기업의 안팎에서 노동자들의 업무ㆍ일상ㆍ태도를 지속적으로 감시하며 신속하게 데이터화하여 지시ㆍ감독ㆍ평가의 동시화를 가능하게 한다. 이는 전통적인 노동통제가 직장의 경계 내에서 행해진 것에 반해 노동자들의 일상적인 감성, 가치관 등 비업무적인 것들도 통제하는 더욱 강력한 형태의 노동통제이다. Labor control has long been a central managerial concern in the capitalist production process. Management wishes to exploit as much labor power as possible to maximize profits, whereas workers wish to use as little labor power as possible for the same compensation. The fundamental conflicts of interest in the usage of labor power between management and labor are the seeds of labor-management problems, and thus management is induced to utilize different methods of labor control that best suit for the given organizational conditions to achieve its goals. Management has been utilizing a new method of labor control (IT-based control) along with the arrival of the information society. The uniqueness of IT-based control is that, unlike the previous methods of labor control, it goes beyond the boundary of the production process at work so that it can have significant control effects on workers even after work. This article analyzes the historical evolution of labor control and distinctive features of IT-based control which has been newly utilized in the information society. In doing so, this article reviews the classic works on labor control -- especially Edwards (1979) and Zuboff (1988) -- in order to analyze why the previous methods of labor control could not function effectively anymore in the information society and how workers are being controlled through the new method of IT-based control today. This article argues that the previous method of structural control no longer functions effectively because of the socio-technical changes that have recently occurred: globalization of business and organizations; utilization of flexible manufacturing systems; and dramatic changes in the composition of labor force. Information technology has now become the main control instrument to minimize resistance from workers and to promote efficiency. IT-based control enables management to control workers systematically and cont nuously beyond time and space since information technology can connect the world and obscure the boundary between work and life. IT-based control is a new and more powerful method of labor control that pursues intense management of instruction, supervision and evaluation simultaneously through prompt and continuous computerization of information on workers’ behavior and attitudes both on and off the job.

한국 노인요양시설의 감염관리 현황과 과제: 선진사회 감염관리 체계와의 비교

이희창 한국공공관리학회 2022 한국공공관리학보 Vol.36 No.3

The purpose of this study was to point out the backwardness of infection control in elderly care facilities in our society and to derive tasks for its improvement. To this end, the infection control system of six advanced countries was set as a reference standard, and the institutional conditions of infection control in our society, infection control capacity, and awareness and practice of infection control were compared with them. As a result of analyzing the current status of infection control using both legal and institutional data for diagnosing the institutional conditions for infection control and questionnaire data for diagnosing the infection control capabilities of facilities and the awareness and practice of infection control, ① it was found that the institutional conditions for infection control were very weak. The supervisory agency did not properly exercise the institutionalized supervisory function, and it showed limitations that the facility evaluation index and infection control manual were too limited to the practical level. ② The infection control capacity was found to be very weak. There was no infrastructure establishment including infection managers, the infection control monitoring, and infection education was limited to superficial education centered on in-house education. ③ It was found that the awareness and practice of the importance of infection control among employees was very low. This tendency was stronger in large facilities with more than 30 people. Based on these results, this study discussed future tasks for improving the infection control system in elderly care facilities in our society. 본 연구는 우리사회 노인요양시설의 감염관리 낙후성을 지적하고, 그 증진에 필요한과제도출에 목적을 두었다. 이를 위해 선진 6개국의 감염관리 체계를 준거기준으로 설정하고, 이들 대비 우리사회의 감염관리 제도적 여건, 감염관리 역량, 감염관리 인식과실천도를 비교하였다. 감염관리 제도적 여건 진단을 위한 법・제도적 자료와 시설의 감염관리 역량과 감염관리 인식 및 실천도 진단을 위한 설문자료를 병용한 감염관리 현황분석결과, ① 감염관리 제도적 여건이 매우 취약한 것으로 나타났다. 감독기관이 제도화된 감독기능을 제대로 행사하지 않고, 시설평가 지표와 감염관리 매뉴얼이 지나치게실무차원에만 한정되어 있다는 한계를 보였다. ② 감염관리 역량이 매우 미약한 것으로나타났다. 감염관리자 지정을 비롯한 인프라 구축이 없고, 감염관리 모니터링 기능이미흡하며, 감염교육이 사내교육 중심의 피상적 교육에만 그치고 있었다. ③ 직원들의감염관리 중요성에 대한 인식과 실천도가 매우 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 이러한 성향은30명 이상의 대규모 시설에서 보다 강하게 나타났다. 이러한 결과를 토대로 본 연구는우리사회 노인요양시설의 감염관리 체계 개선을 위한 향후 과제에 대해 논의하였다.

1960년대 유토피아의 지향과 균열『완전사회』

최애순(Choi, Ae-Soon) 한국현대소설학회 2021 현대소설연구 Vol.- No.83

Perfect Society functions as a product of a debate that reveals the desire to preoccupy the title of first among researchers, rather than the aspect that it is fun to read by readers of science fiction. It can be seen as a product and representation of a process that was caught in the midst of the confrontational debate between full-fledged literature and genre literature, adult literature and childrens and youth literature in the 1960s. Independent of the content of the work, Perfect Society can be seen as a testament to the confrontational society of South Korea in the 1960s in itself as it is caught up in the controversy over the ‘real’ or ‘first’ that the work itself evoked. If Kim Ji-Young Born in 1982 represented an era through the feminist discourse surrounding this novel rather than the content of the novel, Perfect Society also confronted the 1960s through the full-scale and first controversy surrounding this novel, science fiction and feminist discourse. It can be said that it showed an old-fashioned society. Through the confrontational debate surrounding this work and the future confrontational society presented in the work, Perfect Society indirectly shows how our society in the 1960s was occupied with dichotomous oppositional structures such as normal and abnormal, health and infirmity, and good and bad. In particular, it is not an exaggeration to say that Perfect Society in the history of Korean science fiction burns down how strong the dichotomy between authentic literature and popular literature (genre literature) has been since liberation. The emergence of creative science fiction in Korea after Moon Yun-seongs Perfect Society had to wait a long time until Bok Go-ils alternative historical novel In Search of the Epitaph. Unlike Bok Go-ils In Search of the Epitaph, which aroused interest in the paragraph as soon as it was published despite its unfamiliar reading method, Yunseong Moons Perfect Society is not mentioned in the paragraph at all. As such, Perfect Society proves the point of conflict and conflict that was prevalent in the society of the time by showing the opposition between the full-fledged literary and genre literature as a work itself. In this paper, we see that the elements of opposition and conflict that prevailed in the contemporary society are fully revealed in the work, and through it, we try to show that utopia, which is presented as an alternative method of confrontation and conflict, is also not a solution. Utopia novels, as always, are born by overcoming criticism or denial of reality. However, in that the Republic of Women is not a true utopia, but a dystopian society in which sexual desire is maintained as the worst law governed by the state through an imperfect dictatorship system, it can be seen that utopia does not bring happiness to everyone. Perfect Society is meaningful in that it points out that a utopia already has an inherent nature that can only be broken in the sense that it is built with someones desire or political intention as collateral and excluding someone elses desire.

개인정보보호법제에 대한 소고: 개인정보보호법 및 신용정보법을 중심으로

김준우,소재선 경희대학교 법학연구소 2012 경희법학 Vol.47 No.3

Experts who study about human history and civilization have defined many concepts about the information society. Among the various concepts, it seems that there is no objection to the following fact: our society changed from the agricultural or the industrial society to the information society of using intangible knowledge and information as the most important productive resources along with tangible resources. The ‘Information Society’ can be said of the society which we ought to pursue in the future but otherwise, we cannot ignore the Information Society’s negative aspects that are of many problems stemming from the development of information and communication technology. For example, in the Information Society, personal information, personal privacy, or other private conditions to be free from being observed or disturbed by other people may be violated against the subject’s will. It is clear that we cannot overlook those shades of the Information Society. Of course, in order to prevent those possible negative events, the Korean government is devising several legal terms. So, compared to the past, the Korean society today seemingly lets the social members exercise the right to control personal information at a more appropriate level. Despite of these legal terms are available, it is regarded that problems to be concerned and resolved still remain. * Researcher at Institute of Legal Studies Kyung Hee University. ** Prof. Dr. at Kyung Hee University Law School, and Advisor to Kyung Hee Institute of Legal Studies. One of the problems concerns the acceptability of guidelines which are prepared by law. More specifically speaking, there is a need to review rules and regulations for the subject of information who is situated in privacy violation. If the subject’s personal information is publicly shared or exposed to exceed the allowed range of sharing information or the accepted way of collecting and sharing information, the subject should be insured for his or her legal response. In general, if the subject of information is individual, he or she will be placed in the more disadvantageous position in terms of information security rather than the subject as corporate. Thus, it seems that it is desperately needed to conduct an in-depth review of whether legal control device for the protection of personal information exists, and if so, of whether it properly runs. Fortunately, on September 30th 2011, in Korea, the Personal Information Protection Act came into force. This Act can be regarded as the framework act in terms of the protection of personal information. With this, it seems that a part of the empty spaces, which have placed within the “existence” of “legal control device” itself, is filled. Yet, a question still continues to be raised as regarding the “adequacy” of the “legal control device” along with its completeness. With regard to these current situations, this study will examine general contents of the right to self-determination over personal information. At this point, it will also discuss whether Korea’s legal system properly provides legal control device to prevent personal information against a number of demands of information. Then, this study will look at relevant legislations of both Korea and major countries. Accordingly, this study aims at clearly recognizing the current state of the Korean legislation. Furthermore, it briefly considers issues inherent in the Korean legislation. 정보화 사회에 대한 학자들의 다양한 정의에도 불구하고, 현재 우리사회가 농경사회ㆍ산업사회로부터 유형적 자원을 토대로 하여 무형적 지식과 정보를 주요 생산자원으로 이용하는 정보화 사회로 변천되었음에 대하여는 별다른 이론(異論)이 없는 것으로 보인다. 소위 정보화 사회라 함은 마땅히 우리가 지향해야 할 사회의 모습이라고 할 것이지만, 한편으론 이러한 사회가 정보통신기술의 발달로 인하여 파생되는 여러 문제점들, 이를테면 개인정보나 사적비밀, 감추고 싶은 사생활 등이 정보주체의 의지와 전혀 무관하게 침해되는 어두운 단면을 가지고 있음에 대하여도 무시할 수 없음이 명백하다. 물론 이러한 문제점들의 발생을 사전에 방지하기 위하여 우리나라는 여러 법적 수단을 마련하고 있으므로, 자기정보통제권은 과거 대비 보다 적절한 수준에서 보호될 수 있다고 판단되지만, 그럼에도 불구하고 고민하여 해결해야 할 문제는 여전히 남아 있다고 생각한다. 마련된 가이드라인이 과연 적정 수준인지, 즉 정보수집과 공유의 허용방법 및 허용된 정보공유의 범위, 그리고 허용된 범위를 초과하여 정보가 공유되거나 노출되었을 경우에 정보주체가 대응할 수 있는 대응수단 등이 적정 수준에서 규정되어 통제되고 있는지의 문제가 바로 그것인데, 특히 법인에 비해 더욱 열위에 있다고 보여지는 개인인 정보주체의 경우, 정보보호를 위한 법적 통제장치가 제대로 마련되어 있는지, 있다면 적절하게 운용되고 있는지에 대한 깊이 있는 검토는 절실히 필요하다고 본다. 다행히 개인정보보호와 관련하여 일반법이라고 부를 수 있는 개인정보보호법이 지난 2011년 9월 30일 우리나라에서 시행되어 그나마 “법적통제장치”의 “존재” 자체에 대하여는 일정부분 공백이 메워졌다고 볼 것이나, 그럼에도 불구하고 “법적통제장치”의 “적정성” 여부에 대하여는 여전히 그 완전성에 대한 의문을 계속 제기하지 않을 수가 없는 바, 따라서 이 연구는 다양한 정보수요로부터의 개인정보침해결과를 방지하기 위하여 우리나라의 법적 통제장치가 적절하게 마련되어 있는지와 관련하여, 개인정보자기결정권의 일반적인 내용을 살펴본 후 우리나라와 주요 국가들의 법제를 알아봄으로써, 우리나라 법제의 현 상태를 정확히 인식하고, 아울러 우리나라 법제에 내재하고 있는 쟁점들에 대하여도 간략하게나마 함께 살펴봄을 목적으로 하였다.

<감시자들>과 통제시대의 문화정치

조종흡 문학과영상학회 2014 문학과영상 Vol.15 No.4

This article uses a discussion of the film Cold Eyes to explore a significant change of both content and form in contemporary film. I suggest that film is now oriented more toward a moment-by-moment manipulation of the audience’s affective state than toward the production of meanings as filmmaking has been transformed from an analogue process to a digitized one. That is, any concern for a broader continuity, whether on the shot-by-shot level, or on that of the overall narrative, is subordinated to a preoccupation with producing a maximum audience response. I then relate the process of filmmaking to the topic of Deleuze’s societies of control and suggest that it exemplifies modulation and flexibility as the central mechanism of the emerging control society. I also set out in this paper to map the culture of control and to do so by analyzing film’s content. I use examples from the film to highlight the differences between Foucault’s disciplinary societies and Deleuze’s control societies. I suggest that although there are some symptoms of the control society, they shouldn’t be viewed as its concrete evidences. Rather, the emergence of the control society is coextensive with the paradigm of disciplinary regime. I finally conclude that after disciplinary society, what might come next is societies of control and freedom in a mixture that only political action can decide.

폐기물, 재활용, 순환자원에 관한 법체계

김연태 ( Kim Yeon-tae ) 고려대학교 법학연구원 2021 고려법학 Vol.- No.101

현행 폐기물 관리 법체계는 「폐기물관리법」, 「자원의 절약과 재활용 촉진에 관한 법률」, 「자원순환기본법」, 그리고 그 밖에 다수의 개별 법령으로 구성되어 있다. 「자원순환기본법」의 제정으로 우리나라의 폐기물 정책은 ‘폐기물 관리’에서 ‘자원의 순환’으로 패러다임이 전환되었다고 볼 수 있다. 「폐기물관리법」및 「자원의 절약과 재활용촉진에 관한 법률」등에서 규정하고 있는 정책수단은 발생된 폐기물의 사후 관리에 중점을 두고 있기 때문에 이러한 법률들과 정책수단으로는 지속가능한 사회의 구현이 불가능하다고 보았다. 이에 제품 등의 생산부터 유통·소비·폐기에 이르기까지 보다 효율적으로 자원이 이용되도록 관리하고, 자원의 순환이용을 촉진함으로써 자원이 순환되는 사회의 기반을 구축하기 위하여 「자원순환기본법」이 제정되었다고 밝히고 있다. 자원순환사회의 형성을 목적으로 제정된 「자원순환기본법」이 시행된지 3년여가 지났으나, 이 법의 시행으로 기존의 문제가 해결되고 우리 사회가 자원순환사회로 전환되는 등의 실효성을 거두고 있다고 보기는 어렵다. 「자원순환기본법」은 선언적·원칙적 내용을 주로 담고 있으며 자원순환사회로 나아가야 할 방향을 제시하고 있을 뿐, 구체적인 실현방안에 있어서는 매우 미흡하다고 평가된다. 또한 폐기물 관련 법률들의 체계성과 연계성이 약하다는 비판을 받는다. 자원순환사회의 형성을 위하여서는 폐기물로 인한 건강과 환경에 대한 위해의 예방과 자원의 효율적 활용이라는 두 가지 목적을 적절하게 조화시킬 수 있도록 법체계를 정립할 필요가 있다. 무엇보다도 원천적으로 폐기물의 발생을 억제하고, 자원의 순환적인 이용을 촉진할 수 있는 실효적이며 집행력 있는 제도를 마련하는 데 더 많은 관심을 기울여야 할 것이다. 이 글에서는 「자원순환기본법」제정 이후 폐기물 관리에 관한 현행법체계, 특히 폐기물과 재활용, 순환자원의 관계에 대하여 고찰하고, 자원순환사회에서 순환경제의 목적을 달성하기 위한 중요한 수단이라 할 수 있는 폐기물법상의 생산자책임에 대하여 살펴본다. 그리고 폐기물 관리와 자원순환 관련 법체계의 정립을 위하여 현행 법체계의 문제점과 입법적 개선방향에 대하여 살펴보고자 한다. The current legal system regarding wastes control is composed of the Wastes Control Act, the Act on the Promotion of Saving and Recycling of Resources, the Framework Act on Resources Circulations, and other numerous individual statues. It can be argued that the enactment of the Framework Act on Resources Circulations signals a paradigm shift in South Korean wastes policy, from wastes control to resources circulation. As the policy measures prescribed in the Wastes Control Act or the Act on the Promotion of Saving and Recycling of Resources focus on the ex post facto management of wastes, the writers of the Framework Act believed that they do not suffice for the purpose of a truly sustainable society. The writers say that the Framework Act on Resources Circulations has been enacted to control resources more efficiently from manufacturing, to consumption and disposal of products, and to establish a foundation of a resource-circulating society by promoting circular utilization of resources. Even three years after the Framework Act on Resources Circulations has entered into force with the aim of formulating a resource-circulating society, there has not been enough practical evidence that demonstrates fulfillment of that aim. The Framework Act on Resources Circulations is criticized for its lack of a concrete implementation plan, as its content mainly focuses on declarations, principles, and directional proposals towards a resource-circulating society. It is also criticized for its lack of connectivity to the system of other laws regarding wastes. In order to formulate a resource-circulating society, the legal system needs to be established in a way that satisfies the two-way purpose of preventing environmental and health-related danger, and of efficient usage of resources. Importantly, more attention needs to be directed towards preparing effective and enforceable rules that can fundamentally restrict waste creation and promote circular utilization of resources. This paper sheds light on the state of the current legal system regarding wastes control after the enactment of the Framework Act on Resources Circulation and considers the relationship between wastes, recycling, and circular resources. Furthermore, it assesses the concept of extended producer responsibility within the Wastes Control Act as a potentially important means to achieve the purpose of a circular economy within a resource-circulating society. Lastly, the paper will touch on the shortcomings of the current legal system and discuss potential measures of legislative improvement regarding wastes control and resources circulation.

黨-國家 體制 밖의 도시 무허가 노점상 - 1950年代 北京 ‘無照攤販’을 중심으로 -

박상수 한국중국학회 2022 중국학보 Vol.100 No.-

This case study of unlicensed street vendors in 1950s Beijing sheds light on an aspect of the interrelationship between state and grassroots society under the Communist party-state system. Although the government's measures to counter unlicensed street vendors alternated between ‘strict crackdown' and ‘tolerant consideration', the overall tone had to lean toward the latter. Although the authorities took strict measures, such as returning most of the influx peasants to their villages, taking legal action against vagabonds, and putting some people to forced labor, most of the unlicensed street vendors were issued business licenses to ensure a stable life (安置). The policy targeting unlicensed street vendors outside the system was more inclusive than an exclusion through coercive crackdown and strict treatment. While most of the studies have dealt with Mao era through a frame of ‘control mechanism' of coercive state over society and society's obedience to the state, the lasting existence of unlicensed street vendors in Beijing throughout the 1950s and the managerial measures taken by the Beijing municipal authorities provide an opportunity to reexamine the over-determined state control narratives of existing studies. This paper draws the following two perspectives different from the conventional understanding of the party-state control over society in the 1950s (if not the entire Mao era). First, the party-state in the Mao era demonstrated a strong intention to reorganize society through coercive institutions and violence, but in reality it did not reach a level of “a higher degree of regimentation and control over the population” (Martin King Whyte’s words). As this paper shows, the degree of state control over society varied depending on the case, region, social group, period, etc.. Second, the existent ‘control’ frame, though it points out the “limitations of the control” at the same time, becomes an obstacle to approaching the structure and operation of the system built during the Mao era from a different perspective. In tandem with to the relationship between the state-society ‘cooperation' and ‘symbiosis' embedded in the management system of the licensed street vendors in the grassroots level, the ‘integration' policy, not a mere crackdown, for social groups outside of the system like unlicensed street vendors through their incorporation into the system of the state's social management shows another aspect of the state-society relationship in the Mao era. 1950년대 베이징 무허가 탄판[無照攤販]의 사례는 중국공산당이 구축한 당-국가 체제 하의 국가와 기층사회의 상호 관계의 단면을 잘 보여준다. 베이징시 당국의 무허가 탄판 대책의 추이는 ‘엄격한 단속’과 ‘관용적 배려’ 사이를 오갔지만, 전반적인 기조는 후자에 기울지 않을 수 없었다. 유입 농민들은 대부분 還鄕 조치하고, 불량배들을 사법 처리하고, 일부 노동능력이 있는 탄판들에게 노동을 강제하는 등 엄격한 처분을 했지만, 대부분의 생계형 貧苦 무허가 탄판들에게는 영업 허가증을 발급하여 생활의 안정을 기할 수 있도록 ‘安置’하는 정책을 취했다. 체제 밖 무허가 탄판 대책은 강압적 단속과 엄격한 처분을 통한 배제보다는 오히려 체제 내로 편입시켜 관리하는 포용의 경향을 띠고 있었다. 그간의 대부분의 연구들이 당-국가 체제의 사회에 대한 강압적 통제와 국가에 대한 사회의 복종이라는 ‘통제’ 프레임으로 마오시기를 조명해 왔다면, 본고가 분석한 베이징 기층사회의 무허가 탄판의 존재와 그에 대한 당국의 대책은 기존 연구의 편향성을 재검토할 여지를 제공해 준다. 본고는 1950년대(또는 그 이후 마오시기 전체) 당-국가의 사회 ‘통제’라는 통념적 이해와는 다른 다음 두 가지 시각을 도출한다. 첫째, 마오시대 당-국가 권력은 강압적 제도와 폭력적 수단을 통해 사회를 재편해 가고자 했지만, 실제로 “인민에 대한 고도의 조직화와 통제(a higher degree of regimentation and control over the population)”에 부합하는 수준에 이르지 못했다. 본고가 보여주듯이 국가 권력의 사회 통제는 사안에 따라, 지역에 따라, 집단에 따라, 시기에 따라 서로 다른 층차를 보였다. 둘째, ‘통제’ 프레임은 마오시기 구축된 시스템의 구조와 작동을 다른 측면에서 접근하는데 장애가 된다. 기층에서 전개된 합법 탄판 관리 체제의 국가-사회 ‘협력’과 ‘공생’의 관계와 아울러, 무허가 탄판의 체재 내 편입 조치와 같은 사회집단에 대한 ‘포용’ 정책은 국가의 사회 운용 방식, 국가-사회 관계 방식의 또 다른 측면을 잘 보여준다.

『허수아비춤』에 나타난 근대권력과 주체성 연구

전영의 한중인문학회 2013 한중인문학연구 Vol.41 No.-

본 논문은 『허수아비춤』을 통해 ‘한국경제사회의 통치성은 무엇일까, 달라진 권력구조 안에서 주체는 누구이며 그 주체성은 무엇인지 밝혀볼 수 있지 않을까’라는 궁금증에서부터 출발하였다고 볼 수 있다. 푸코의 담론을 바탕으로 한국의 국가이성이 근대적 권력에 의해 어떻게 변화하며 달라지는지, 근대권력의 통치성은 무엇인지 밝혀 『허수아비춤』에 나타난 근대 권력과 주체성을 밝히는 것이 본 논문의 목적이다. 오늘날 근대는 통합적인 권력체로서 정치 이데올로기뿐만 아니라 사회적․물질적 실천으로부터 새로운 형태의 근대권력을 생성하고 있다. 가해자의 관점에서 보면 근대권력은 갈등과 투쟁에 대한 복합적인 힘의 관계였으며, 연속적이고 효과적인 방법으로 사회 전체를 순환하는 미시권력이었다. 남회장과 문화개척센터의윤성훈, 박재우, 강기준은 근대의 미시권력을 보여주는 인물로 피권력자들에게 생명에 대한안전, 위치에 대한 안정을 위협하거나 보호하면서 그들의 행동을 통제하고 사고를 제어하는생명관리권력을 가진 자들이었다. 이들은 먹이사슬 관계처럼 강한 자에게 통제되거나 자신보다 약한 자들을 통제하는 행위를 보여주면서 물질적 풍요와 경제적 권력에 구속되어가고 자본주의적 근대사회의 통치성에 종속되어간다. 비가시적인 물질에 대한 욕망에 의해 길들여지고 통제되는 신체를 가진 오늘날의 현대인들 상징한다는 점에서 호모 에코노미쿠스라 할 수있다. 무수한 권력관계들의 전략적 통합체인 근대사회 안에서 우리는 호모 에코노미쿠스로서경제적 장 안의 생명관리권력을 통해 정치적 힘의 관계를 재편․통제하거나 당하는 것이다. 반면 허민 교수와 전인욱 변호사는 이에 굴복하지 않고 기득권의 경계 바깥으로 나왔다. 이들은 신자유주의적 자본주의 시장의 명령에 의거하는 자기통제 양식을 거부하고 주체화하는 존재로 거듭나려 했다. 이들과 같이 국가 혹은 국가에 결부되어 있는 개별화방식으로부터 스스로를 해방시키는 인물들은 우리사회에 존재하기 마련이다. ‘정치경제학적 지식을 통해 예측되고, 객체로서 보살펴지는 신체에서 벗어나’고자 했던 이들은 자유주의적 통치성이 만들어낸주체화의 유형으로부터 ‘해방되는 것을 스스로 택한 근대사회의 주체’라 할 수 있었다. 결국우리는 근대권력에 의해 스스로를 통제했던 양식을 거부하고 새로운 자기통제 양식을 발명함으로써 스스로를 새롭게 창조하려 했던 인물들의 행위를 통해 근대사회의 주체성을 읽어낼수 있다. The article starts from some curiosities that what is a quality of economic society's administration in South Korea, who is a the subject in changed power structure, what is a identity, can I verify these theories. The article's object is verified modern power and identity about Heosuabee Choom (Dummy Dance)clearly so I am verified what is a quality of administration, changed a national reason by modern power base on Michel Foucault's Theory. Today's modern is created new shapes of modern power from political ideology, social and material practice. when it watch at an assaulter's a point of view, modern power is complex relation ship about troubles and struggles. also it is a circulated microscopic power by continual effect and method. CEO. Nam and Youn Soeng Hoon, Park Jae woo, Kang Gi Joon in Culture Pioneering Center show a modern microscopic power. They have a bio-power, control individual consciousness and behavior, protect and menace stability about positions, safety about life to unauthorize persons. They show controled behavior by strong person or control weak peoson more than them. they are restrict by economical power and material abundance, subordinate by quality of economical modern society's administration. It symbolize today's modern person who have a controled body by desire about unshowed material. so they are Homo-economicus. We are controlled and reorganized relationship of political power through bio-power of economical field as Homo-economicus in modern society that is strategic unified body of a lot of authority relationship also we are controlle and reorganize. The other side, pf. Heo Min and lawyer Jeon In Wook didn't submit to bio-power,and come out from boundary of vested right. they try to born as identitized existence. It is existence person who is release itself from individualize method that is connected nation like them in this society. They want get out of body that is made an estimate and took care of it through political and economical knowledges. so they are the subject of modern society who choice liberating themselves from types of subjectivation that is made by quality of administer. so we read a identity of modern society through character's movement who try to new creative themselves as invent new self-controled style and refuse self-controled style by modern authority.

코로나19 팬데믹 이후 방역적 사회안전망을 위한 민간경비의 역할 - 합의된 통제와 안전사회 재편 -

김상진 사단법인 한국안전문화학회 2023 안전문화연구 Vol.- No.20

This study examines the gap (control of infected people and citizens, maintenance of order in hospital facilities, management of quarantine facilities, vaccine supply and demand, etc.) caused by a lack of quarantine response personnel in the process of responding to the COVID-19 pandemic in our society through private security in the event of a recurrence of the pandemic. It was conducted to present it as a good for building a quarantine social safety net. To this end, the purpose of this study is to estimate the role that private security can play as a good for health security and how it will affect the agreed-upon control and safety society reorganization structure. After the presentation, the results were drawn through two interviews. A total of 10 people were selected for the study, including 6 practitioners and 4 researchers. The first interview was held from May 1 to 30, 2021, and the second interview was held from October 1 to November 5, 2021. Investigation results, research project 1. Regarding the 'role of private security for the establishment of an anti-epidemic social safety net', cooperation with public security (12) is 'support for the quarantine authorities to maintain order,' and the expansion of service services (12) is 'maintenance of order in the clinic, vehicle control, and guidance. For the role of 'work, simple administrative assistance work', and the role of assisting quarantine activities (4), the 'role of temporarily supplementing and supporting the work (maintenance of order in inspection clinics, vehicle control and guidance work, etc.) of insufficient medical personnel' was the most showed a high response. Research project 2. Regarding the 'precedence of private expenses for agreed control', cooperation with the quarantine authorities (4) refers to 'whether it is about establishing and supporting a business cooperation system between the quarantine authorities and private security', promoting local governments and strengthening cooperation ( 8) is 'continuous publicity development so that citizens can recognize and sympathize with the role of private security guards in their duties, such as control and guidance', and securing credibility and public confidence (6) is 'to inspire citizens' mature awareness of participation, public institutions, the media, Cooperation activities with civic groups, etc.' was the highest response by factor. Research project 3. As for 'alternatives to the priority of private security for agreed control', securing service quality and professionalism (5) means 'reinforcing education so that private security officers can clearly know their authority and duties', and improving image (8).), 'Strengthening public relations activities to change public perception', and 'Securing the budget of public institutions for the use of private expenses' for privatization and preparation of legal basis (16) showed the highest response by factor. Research project 4. Regarding 'Prospects for Security Reorganization Structure', the confidence in private security and the opportunity to take another leap (9) are 'the effect of increasing the use of private expenses due to cooperation in disaster situations', improving the government's awareness of the private defense system and increasing immunity (7) is 'the effect of incorporating private security as a safety resource into the total force mobilization system in the case of a national disaster', and the effect of increasing the quarantine social safety net (7) is 'preventing the overuse of some quarantine authorities due to the use of alternative resources for private quarantine agents. ' was the highest response for each factor.

1950년대 징병제로 본 국가 통제와 농촌사회 - 『삼계일기』를 중심으로-

이성호(Lee, Sungho) 한국지역사회학회 2021 지역사회연구 Vol.29 No.3

이글은 전라북도 임실군 삼계면에서 생산된 일기를 자료로, 한국전쟁 이후 농촌사회에서 징병제도가 시행·정착되는 과정을 살펴보았다. 징병은 근대국가가 국가 구성원들의 신체를 통제하는 가장 대표적인 제도이기 때문에, 국가가 사회 및 사회구성원에 대한 지배를 강화해가는 과정을 선명하게 보여준다. 한국전쟁 이전, 재정적, 이념적, 행정적으로 시민사회에 대한 강력한 통제·통합력을 지니지 못하고 있던 신생국가가 사회에 대한 통제력을 강화하고 단일한 반공주의 이념으로 사회통합을 달성할 수 있었던 것은 한국전쟁의 결과였다. 결과적으로 한국 국가는 한국전쟁을 통해서 약한 국가로부터 강한 국가로 전환할 수 있었다. 1950년대 국가 통치의 가장 하부 단위가 ‘면’이었다. 면은 국가기구의 가장 하부에 위치한 행정조직으로 농촌사회와 공간적, 심리적으로 밀접하게 접촉하면서, 국가의 관료적 지배와 통제를 인격적 차원으로 용해시켜 주민의 생활세계 속으로 침투시키는 역할을 한다. 다시 말하면 면은 농촌사회에 대한 가장 미시적인 통제 및 감시기구이다. 국가는 징병제도를 사회의 세부단위까지 침투, 확산하려 하였고, 면은 이러한 기능을 가장 효율적으로 수행하는 말단 행정조직이었다. 심지어 병역제도에 대한 사회적 불만과 저항이 팽배해졌을 때, 국가는 지배계급과 특권층의 혜택은 유지하면서 말단조직의 부정을 색출함으로써 대중의 불만을 잠재우려 했다. 이런 경우에조차도 면은 농촌사회 수준에서 국가 통치·지배체제를 완충하는 매개 역할을 맡고 있었다. This article examines the process of the implementing and establishing of the conscription system in rural society after the Korean War, using a diary produced in Samgye-myeon, Imsil-gun, Jeollabuk-do. Since the conscription is the most representative system in which the modern state mobilizes its members, it clearly shows the process by which the state is strengthening its dominion over civil society. Korean state could not hold strong control and integration over civil society before the Korean War because of financial, ideological, and administrative weakness. But the result of the Korean War, this newly emerging nation was able to strengthen its control over society and achieve social integration by the anti-communist ideology. As a result, the Korean state was able to transform from a fragile state to a strong one through the Korean War. In the 1950s, the lowest unit of state apparatus was the ‘myeon(面)’. Myeon is an official organization located at the lowest level of the state administrative system. It plays a role of infiltrating the bureaucratic domination of the state into the everyday life of rural residents by spatial and psychological contact with the rural society. In other words, myeon is the most microscopic control and monitoring system for rural society. The state tried to penetrate and spread the conscription system to the subdivisions of society. And myeon was the lowest administrative organization that performed these functions most efficiently. Even when social dissatisfaction and resistance to the conscription system prevailed, meyon played a mediating role in buffering the state governance and ruling system at the level of rural society.