폴리에스터섬유용 분산염료의 염색재현성에 관한 연구

윤지영(Ji-Young Yoon) 산업기술교육훈련학회 2017 산업기술연구논문지 (JITR) Vol.22 No.2

Dyeing is the process of providing color to a textile through color phenomenon resulting from the complex interaction of the dye and the textile. Thus, it is essential for laboratory to grasp understanding of dyeing behavior from 3-combination dye group together with high compatibility amongst themselves. To increase the color reproducibility in the industry, measurement and comparison of the absorption rate, K/S value, and the color difference of commonly used 3-combination disperse dyestuff in the polyester dye industry revealed the following conclusions: 1. The higher the Dye absorption rate of the 3-combination dyestuff, the higher the Color reproducibility is when applied to Deep shade target colors. 2. If the graph of K/S value for 3-combination dyestuff is linear, it has excellent Build-up property, and if dye behavior of each 3-combination dyestuff is similar, then the dye group has good Compatibility, thus good Color reproducibility. 3. The better the Compatibility of the 3-combination dyestuff, the lower the Color difference was between the lab and the industry, thus producing good Color reproducibility.

Accuracy and reproducibility of 3D digital tooth preparations made by gypsum materials of various colors

Tan, Fa-Bing,Wang, Chao,Dai, Hong-Wei,Fan, Yu-Bo,Song, Jin-Lin The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2018 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.10 No.1

PURPOSE. The study aimed to identify the accuracy and reproducibility of preparations made by gypsum materials of various colors using quantitative and semi-quantitative three-dimensional (3D) approach. MATERIALS AND METHODS. A titanium maxillary first molar preparation was created as reference dataset (REF). Silicone impressions were duplicated from REF and randomized into 6 groups (n=8). Gypsum preparations were formed and grouped according to the color of gypsum materials, and light-scanned to obtain prepared datasets (PRE). Then, in terms of accuracy, PRE were superimposed on REF using the best-fit-algorithm and PRE underwent intragroup pairwise best-fit alignment for assessing reproducibility. Root mean square deviation (RMSD) and degrees of similarity (DS) were computed and analyzed with SPSS 20.0 statistical software (${\alpha}=.05$). RESULTS. In terms of accuracy, PREs in 3D directions were increased in the 6 color groups (from 19.38 to $20.88{\mu}m$), of which the marginal and internal variations ranged $51.36-58.26{\mu}m$ and $18.33-20.04{\mu}m$, respectively. On the other hand, RMSD value and DS-scores did not show significant differences among groups. Regarding reproducibility, both RMSD and DS-scores showed statistically significant differences among groups, while RMSD values of the 6 color groups were less than $5{\mu}m$, of which blue color group was the smallest ($3.27{\pm}0.24{\mu}m$) and white color group was the largest ($4.24{\pm}0.36{\mu}m$). These results were consistent with the DS data. CONCLUSION. The 3D volume of the PREs was predisposed towards an increase during digitalization, which was unaffected by gypsum color. Furthermore, the reproducibility of digitalizing scanning differed negligibly among different gypsum colors, especially in comparison to clinically observed discrepancies.

인지특성을 고려한 선호 재현색 연구

최원정(WonJung Choi),최경실(GyoungSil Choi) 한국색채학회 2014 한국색채학회 논문집 Vol.28 No.2

휴대성이 높은 스마트폰의 대중화로 스마트폰 카메라가 디지털 카메라를 대체하고 있는 가운데 카메라 기능은 스마트폰 선택의 중요한 기준이 되고 있다. 스마트폰 카메라를 이용한 촬영물은 스마트폰의 디스플레이를 통해 바로 확인하는 경향이 높기 때문에 화질 만족도는 매우 중요한 이슈가 된다. 따라서 이미지의 입출력 과정이 동시에 일어나는 스마트폰에 의해 생성된 소프트카피의 인지적인 화질 만족도를 향상시킬 필요가 있다. 선행 연구들에 의하면 사진의 수정과 감상에 있어 결정적인 역할을 하는 자연물의 기억색은 화질 만족도에 우선적으로 영향을 미치는 선호적 속성 중 하나이다. 또한 기기의 색재현력은 화질 선호도와 가장 상관관계가 높은 변수로 나타났다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 스마트폰 카메라를 통해 입력된 하늘색의 색자극이 디스플레이를 통해 출력되었을 때, 사용자의 인지적 특성 중 하늘에 대한 기억색이 하늘의 재현색 평가에 미치는 영향을 분석하였으며, 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 하늘에 대한 기억색은 실제색보다 명도가 높고, 채도가 높거나 동일한 특성을 보였다. 둘째, 하늘에 대한 기기의 재현색과 사용자의 기억색이 유사할수록 재현된 하늘색의 선호도가 높게 나타났다. 셋째, 실제색과 가장 유사한 색재현이 지각적으로 최적화된 색재현으로 평가되지는 않았다. 넷째, 현재 사용 중인 기기에서 경험된 하늘 재현색과 유사하게 재현된 하늘색 이미지에 대해 더 긍정적으로 반응했으며, 이는 반복적인 단순노출효과의 영향인 것으로 사료된다. 마지막으로 평가 도구로 사용된 3개의 스마트폰에서 입출력 과정을 거친 하늘 재현색에 대한 선호 차이는 유의미한 것으로 나타났다. The function of camera is becoming the important standard for the selection of smartphone amid the smartphone camera is replacing the digital camera due to the popularization of high portable smartphone. The level of satisfaction for the Image Quality is becoming the substantially important issue because the filming object using the smartphone camera has a high tendency to be identified rightly through the display of smartphone. Therefore, there is the necessity to improve the level of cognitive satisfaction for the Image Quality of soft copy created by the smartphone simultaneous with the input and output process. According to preceding studies, the memory color of natural object playing a decisive role in the correction and the appreciation of photograph is one of the preferential attributes effecting preferentially on the level of satisfaction for the Image Quality. Also, the color reproduction of equipment appeared to be the variable of highest correlation with the preference of Image Quality. Therefore, When the color stimulus of sky color pass through input-output process of smartphone, the effect of memory color for the sky of cognitive characteristic of users on the evaluation of reproduced color has been analyzed in this study, the study result is as follows: First, the memory color for the sky showed the characteristic of higher lightness and higher or equal saturation compared to the real color. Second, the preference of reproduced sky color appeared high as the reproduced color of equipment for the sky is similar to the memory color of user. Third, the most similar color reproduction to the real color is not evaluated to be the perceptually optimal color reproduction. Fourth, it reacted more positively for the sky color image reproduced similarly to the reproduced color experienced in the equipment in use currently; this is thought to be the repeated mere exposure effect. Finally, the difference of preference for the reproduced color of sky through the process of input and output in 3 smartphones used as the evaluation tool appeared to be significant.

Evaluation of the color reproducibility of all-ceramic restorations fabricated by the digital veneering method

Jae-Hong Kim,Ki-Baek Kim,Woong-Chul Kim,Hae-Young Kim,Ji-Hwan Kim 대한치과보철학회 2014 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.6 No.2

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical acceptability of all-ceramic crowns fabricated by the digital veneering method vis-à-vis the traditional method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Zirconia specimens manufactures by two different manufacturing method, conventional vs digital veneering, with three different thickness (0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm) were prepared for analysis. Color measurement was performed using a spectrophotometer for the prepared specimens. The differences in shade in relation to the build-upmethod were calculated by quantifying ΔE* (mean color difference), with the use of color difference equations representing the distance from the measured values L*, a*, and b*, to the three-dimensional space of two colors. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with a Tukey multiple-range test was used to analyze the data (α=0.05). RESULTS. In comparing means and standard deviations of L*, a*, and b* color values there was no significant difference by the manufacturing method and zirconia core thickness according to a two-way ANOVA. The color differences between two manufacturing methods were in a clinically acceptable range less than or equal to 3.7 in all the specimens. CONCLUSION. Based on the results of this study, a carefully consideration is necessary while selecting upper porcelain materials, even if it is performed on a small scale. However, because the color reproducibility of the digital veneering system was within the clinically acceptable range when comparing with conventional layering system, it was possible to estimate the possibility of successful aesthetic prostheses in the latest technology.

Evaluation of the color reproducibility of all-ceramic restorations fabricated by the digital veneering method

Kim, Jae-Hong,Kim, Ki-Baek,Kim, Woong-Chul,Kim, Hae-Young,Kim, Ji-Hwan The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2014 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.6 No.2

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical acceptability of all-ceramic crowns fabricated by the digital veneering method vis-$\grave{a}$-vis the traditional method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Zirconia specimens manufactures by two different manufacturing method, conventional vs digital veneering, with three different thickness (0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm) were prepared for analysis. Color measurement was performed using a spectrophotometer for the prepared specimens. The differences in shade in relation to the build-up method were calculated by quantifying ${\Delta}E^*$ (mean color difference), with the use of color difference equations representing the distance from the measured values $L^*$, $a^*$, and $b^*$, to the three-dimensional space of two colors. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with a Tukey multiple-range test was used to analyze the data (${\alpha}$=0.05). RESULTS. In comparing means and standard deviations of $L^*$, $a^*$*, and $b^*$ color values there was no significant difference by the manufacturing method and zirconia core thickness according to a two-way ANOVA. The color differences between two manufacturing methods were in a clinically acceptable range less than or equal to 3.7 in all the specimens. CONCLUSION. Based on the results of this study, a carefully consideration is necessary while selecting upper porcelain materials, even if it is performed on a small scale. However, because the color reproducibility of the digital veneering system was within the clinically acceptable range when comparing with conventional layering system, it was possible to estimate the possibility of successful aesthetic prostheses in the latest technology.

Evaluation of the color reproducibility of all-ceramic restorations fabricated by the digital veneering method

김재홍,김기백,김웅철,김혜영,김지환 대한치과보철학회 2014 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.6 No.2

PURPOSE. The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical acceptability of all-ceramic crowns fabricated by the digital veneering method vis-à-vis the traditional method. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Zirconia specimens manufactures by two different manufacturing method, conventional vs digital veneering, with three different thickness (0.3 mm, 0.5 mm, 0.7 mm) were prepared for analysis. Color measurement was performed using a spectrophotometer for the prepared specimens. The differences in shade in relation to the build-upmethod were calculated by quantifying ΔE* (mean color difference), with the use of color difference equations representing the distance from the measured values L*, a*, and b*, to the three-dimensional space of two colors. Two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) combined with a Tukey multiple-range test was used to analyze the data (α=0.05). RESULTS. In comparing means and standard deviations of L*, a*, and b* color values there was no significant difference by the manufacturing method and zirconia core thickness according to a two-way ANOVA. The color differences between two manufacturing methods were in a clinically acceptable range less than or equal to 3.7 in all the specimens. CONCLUSION. Based on the results of this study, a carefully consideration is necessary while selecting upper porcelain materials, even if it is performed on a small scale. However, because the color reproducibility of the digital veneering system was within the clinically acceptable range when comparing with conventional layering system, it was possible to estimate the possibility of successful aesthetic prostheses in the latest technology.

티타늄의 표면처리와 저온용융도재의 글레이징 온도에 따른 티타늄-세라믹 보철물의 전단결합강도와 색조재현성

정인성(In-Sung Chung),이도찬(Do-Chan Lee) 한국콘텐츠학회 2010 한국콘텐츠학회논문지 Vol.10 No.11

티타늄의 표면처리방법과 저온용융도재의 글레이징 온도 변화에 따른 티타늄-세라믹 보철물의 결합강도와 색조재현성에 관해 분석하고자 하였다. 표면처리방법에 따른 결합강도를 비교한 결과, TiN 코팅 처리한 STB1시편이 가장 높게 나타났으며, 전용결합재를 사용한 SB1시편, gold 코팅 처리한 SGB1시편 순으로 나타났다. 글레이징 온도에 따른 결합강도는 글레이징 온도가 770℃인 시편들이 720℃에서 글레이징을 실시한 시편들에 비하여 결합강도가 증가하였으며, 810℃에서 글레이징을 실시한 시편들에서는 결합강도가 감소하는 것으로 관찰되었다. 색조관찰 결과 글레이징 온도가 높아질수록 명도(ΔL)가 높아졌으며, 티타늄의 표면처리에 의한 색조가 티타늄-세라믹의 색조에 영향을 주었으며, 그 결과 SB1과 SGB3이 색조재현성이 가장 우수한 것으로 평가되었다. The bonding strength and color reproducibility of titanium-ceramic prosthesis were analyzed the effect according to the surface treatments of titanium and the glazing temperatures of the low fused porcelain. The result of bonding strength compared with respect to the surface treatments was observed that the STB1 group coated by TiN had strongest boding strength and then came the SB1 group used special bonding agent, the SGB1 group coated by gold in that order. The bonding strength by the glazing temperature was indicated that the group with 770℃ of glazing temperature was observed increasing the bonding strength as compared with it of the other group, and the group with 810℃ of glazing temperature was observed to be decreased the bonding strength. Glazing temperature increases, the color by the surface treatment of titanium influenced the color of titanium-ceramic on account of getting higher brightness(ΔL). As a this result, the SB1 and SGB3 groups was evaluated to has the best color reproducibility.

나일론 승화전사 디지털 프린팅의 컬러 재현성 및 견뢰도에 관한 연구

최경미 ( Gyung-me Choi ),김기훈 ( Ki-hoon Kim ) 복식문화학회 2018 服飾文化硏究 Vol.26 No.5

This study examined the color reproducibility and color fastness of digital textile printing for nylon sublimation transfer. After measuring the temperature and time suited to nylon sublimation transfer, the researchers conducted various tests for comparison and analysis including polyester transfer paper on polyester fabric to check dyeing characteristics, color change, sharpness, and the rubbing fastness of the dyeing samples for nylon sublimation transfer. These tests produced the following results. At 185℃ and 187℃, the sublimation transfer dyeing characteristics of nylon were similar to those of polyester and the researchers even observed superior color development in some colors; at a low temperature of 180℃, the sample that was worked on had the lowest level of color development. The examination of color difference (ΔE), which compared L*a*b* values, showed that the ΔE value of magenta was 10.34, that of yellow was 24.70, and that of black was 15.28. These results highlight the important role of heat treatment temperature and time on color development in nylon sublimation transfer. Concerning sharpness, the samples subjected to higher temperature heat treatment exhibited fewer color spreading phenomena around lines. Thus, dyeing properties and fastness can be enhanced by elongating time at low temperatures and shortening time at high temperatures; however, considering production time constraints as well as the need to produce industrially marketable quantities, the findings of this study suggest that the heat treatment temperature most suitable for nylon sublimation transfer is 187℃ for a duration of 50 seconds.

색각검사법의 재현성 및 반복성평가

주석희,이은희 한국안광학회 2008 한국안광학회지 Vol.13 No.4

Purpose: To assess the reproducibility and repeatability for each color vision test method. Methods: The subjects for color vision test were 30 students without congenital color vision deficiency and they major in optometry in a university, Korea. The type of color vision test selected for this study were Hans color vision test, Hans 15 hue test and Lanthony D 15 hue test. The Ishihara test was added for assessment of reliability of inter-tester. Results: All of the subjects were classified into normal at pseudoisochromatic plates, but one subject's result showed mild blue-yellow color deficiency at Hue discrimination. Results of 3 repeated test for subjects and inter-tester examination showed no errors at pseudoisochromatic plates. There were differences in mild errors among repeated test at Hue discrimination, but no differences were found in the results of repeated test to classify color vision deficiency. Conclusion: Each tester had better be more skilled to test even simple color vision test for eliminating the possibility of mild errors. Each subject might just as well be careful in color vision test. It is required to test both method of pseudoisochromatic plates and Hue discrimination in screening test. 목적: 본 연구는 색각검사법의 반복측정에 따른 결과의 재현성을 평가하기 위해 진행하였다. 방법: 연구 대상자는 선천성 색각이상을 가지고 있지 않은 일개 대학교 안경광학과 학생 30명이었다. 색각이상검사 종류는 한식색각검사 와 Hans 15 hue 검사 그리고 Lanthony D 15 hue 검사를 선택하였고, 3명의 검사자를 비교하기 위한 검사에서는 이 시하라검사도 추가하였다. 결과: 가성동색표에서는 모두 정상으로 분류되어졌으나, 색분별법에서는 1명이 약한청황 색각이상을 보였다. 가성동색표는 3번의 측정 및 검사자간 결과값이 일치하였으며, 색분별법 반복 측정에서 경미한 오류들의 차이가 나타났다. 그러나 실제 색각이상자의 분류에 있어서는 반복측정에 따른 결과값이 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 결론: 각 검사자는 비교적 간단한 색각검사라도 좀더 숙련된 기술로 피험자를 대하는 것이 필요하다. 피험 자 역시 세 번의 측정으로 인한 경험에 의존하여 색각검사를 하기보다는 매 검사는 신중을 기해야 함이 요구되어 진다. 선별검사에서는 두 가지 검사의 병행이 요구되어진다.

치과용 지르코니아 블럭의 착색시간에 따른 색조변화 관찰

최성민,남상용,Choi, Sung-Min,Nam, Sang-Yong 대한치과기공학회 2011 대한치과기공학회지 Vol.33 No.3

Purpose: The current study focused on investigating color change of dental zirconia block with respect to the block coloring time. Methods: Three types of dental zirconia blocks(Zirtooth, Pearl-HT, D-Max) were tinted with coloring agent under four different time condition (0 minutes, 1 minutes, 10 minutes, 30 minutes). The quantitative evaluation of the tinted dental zirconia blocks was conducted with spectrophotometer. Results: The Zirtooth and D-Max blocks showed lower H value. The Pearl-HT blocks showed poor reflectivity(L value). Conclusion: The study of color change of zirconia block, which consists the substructure of all ceramic Crown, is applicable for deciding appropriate coloring condition when fabricating one layer ceramic Crown or double layer ceramic Crown.