The community structures of the coniferous and deciduous dead wood‐dwelling arthropods in Korea

김현정,남종우,이훈복 한국곤충학회 2013 Entomological Research Vol.43 No.5

We examined the structure of the arthropod community among deciduous and coniferous dead woods along the process of wood decay. We collected dead wood‐dwelling arthropods from April 2010 to October 2011 by using a vacuum aspirator and an electric chain saw in three areas (Mt. Woonak, Mt. Wolchul, Mt. Jingang) in Korea. We identified them to species levels and classified them into functional groups. We collected 8792 arthropods (5 classes, 20 orders, 58 families, and 93 species). The species richness and abundance of arthropods increased with the progress of decay in dead woods. The evenness index seemed to be shown at a lower value at late decay stage than at early‐ and mid‐decay stages. The diversity index (H′) in conifers was lower than that in deciduous dead woods at the early decay stage but this situation was reversed at the late decay stage. Arthropod communities of functional groups, except the xylophagous insects, did not differ in the variables, but the proportion of xylophagous insects increased as the decay stages progressed. The abundance of arthropods and xylophagous was statistically significantly different. The patterns generated by non‐metric multidimensional scaling in the overall arthropod community composition revealed that the species composition between study areas were significantly different. We confirmed that dead woods play very important roles as arthropods' habitats. Thus, we suggest that the role of dead woods should be emphasized in the management of forest ecosystems.

Levels of Cry1Ac1 protein in herbivorous and predatory arthropods in fields of Bacillus thuringiensis cabbage

김영종,이준호,한지학,김창기 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol.21 No.3

To investigate the extent of exposure and routes of Cry1Ac1 protein through the food chain, we collected Bt cabbage leaves and arthropods that occurred in the field during two trials. Protein levels in the transgenic leaves were significantly higher during the early stages of plant growth, ranging from 209.1 to 553.6 ng g−1 in spring and from 208.2 to 402.8 ng g−1 in autumn. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure protein levels in the arthropods. Among the 16 taxa collected in the field, Cry1Ac1 was detected in the bodies of 10. Concentrations were higher in lepidopteran larvae than in the other taxa. In particular, we found a significant correlation between Cry1Ac1 protein levels in cabbage leaves and in Pieris rapae and Mamestra brassicae. Furthermore, this protein was detected in five out of nine taxa of predators (spiders and coleopterans) and parasitoids. These results will be useful as we identify the arthropods that are directly or indirectly exposed to Bt toxin within the food web and the degree to which they are exposed during the cultivation of Bt cabbage.

Levels of Cry1Ac1 protein in herbivorous and predatory arthropods in fields of <i>Bacillus thuringiensis</i> cabbage

Kim, Young-Joong,Lee, Joon-Ho,Harn, Chee Hark,Kim, Chang-Gi 한국응용곤충학회 2018 Journal of Asia-Pacific Entomology Vol. No.

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>To investigate the extent of exposure and routes of Cry1Ac1 protein through the food chain, we collected <I>Bt</I> cabbage leaves and arthropods that occurred in the field during two trials. Protein levels in the transgenic leaves were significantly higher during the early stages of plant growth, ranging from 209.1 to 553.6 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP> in spring and from 208.2 to 402.8 ng g<SUP>−1</SUP> in autumn. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to measure protein levels in the arthropods. Among the 16 taxa collected in the field, Cry1Ac1 was detected in the bodies of 10. Concentrations were higher in lepidopteran larvae than in the other taxa. In particular, we found a significant correlation between Cry1Ac1 protein levels in cabbage leaves and in <I>Pieris rapae</I> and <I>Mamestra brassicae</I>. Furthermore, this protein was detected in five out of nine taxa of predators (spiders and coleopterans) and parasitoids. These results will be useful as we identify the arthropods that are directly or indirectly exposed to <I>Bt</I> toxin within the food web and the degree to which they are exposed during the cultivation of <I>Bt</I> cabbage.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> We tested the extent of exposure and routes of Cry1Ac1 protein through the food web in the transgenic cabbage field. </LI> <LI> Significant correlations between Cry1Ac1 protein levels in <I>Bt</I> cabbage leaves and lepidopteran species were found. </LI> <LI> The transmission of Cry1Ac1 protein from <I>Bt</I> cabbage to natural enemies through food web interactions was found. </LI> <LI> Erigonidae predators showed potential possibility as a good surrogate species to assess the non-target effects of <I>Bt</I> cabbage. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Effects of preservatives in pitfall traps for collecting arthropods: A comparison of ethylene glycol and five alternative preservatives

권태성,박영규,정종국,이영근,박찬우,박영석 국립중앙과학관 2022 Journal of Asia-Pacific Biodiversity Vol.15 No.4

Pitfall traps using ethylene glycol as a preservative are widely used to investigate arthropods in forests. However, recently, pitfall traps have been reported to be damaged by wild vertebrates because of thesweetness of ethylene glycol. Therefore, this study compared ethylene glycol with five potential alter native preservatives for the selection of an alternative preservative for use in pitfall traps. Field exper iments were conducted at the Namhae Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) site in the southernmostpart of South Korea. The five alternative preservatives included salt solution with bleach, which isconsidered to repel wild animals because of its smell; formalin solution with bleach; salt solutionwithout bleach; formalin solution without bleach; and alcohol solution with a small amount of addedglycerin. The number of arthropods collected differed with the type of preservative used; the compo sition of arthropod assemblages was also different. Among the two alternative preservative solutionsexpected to repel wild animals, formalinþbleach, and salt waterþbleach, the latter was found to bebetter for arthropod collection.

Community Structure of Korean Fir ((i)Abies koreana(/i)) Snag-dwelling Arthropods on Mt. Halla National Park, Jeju Island, Korea

Hyunjung KIM,나수미,Jisun DOH,이훈복 한국곤충학회 2020 Entomological Research Vol.50 No.2

We executed this research to understand the importance of decaying woods as the diverse arthropods’ habitat in Abies koreana forests of Mt. Hallasan, Korea, from 2013 April to 2014 July. We discriminated the Abies koreana forests into one live stage and three decay stages in three blocks (Sungpanak, Yeongsil, Donnaeko) with three replicates and collected arthropods using an emergence trap per tree. We also used the different slope, altitude, decay stage and characteristics of dead wood as statistical variables. As A result, a total of six classes 23 orders 99 families 224 species (69,674 individuals) were collected from 282 emergence traps.We found that there were significant differences in abundance among decay stages and study sites. Our research results would be relevant for developing the ecologically sustainable forest management strategies and we expect these results would be used as the basic data for the forest management plans of Abies koreana.

The role of dead Korean fir as the snag-dwelling arthropods’ habitat in forest ecosystem

Hyun Jung Kim,So Yeon Kim,Jieun Seong,Hoonbok Yi 한국응용곤충학회 2011 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2011 No.10

This snag-dwelling arthropod community study was conducted for the ecological evaluation of dead woods at Korean fir stand in Mt. Woonak in Pocheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, from April 2010 to August 2011. We put a windows trap and an emergence trap on the trunk of each snag, and we selected the six snags during the study periods. We collected 3930 individuals (5 class, 21order, 52 families) but we didn’t include the number of unidentified larva. We separated those individuals into the three functional groups and we found out the proportion and number of each functional group from the total individuals: herbivores (27.6%, 1083) predators (10.9%, 430), detritivores (61.4%, 2413), etc(0.1%, 4). We found out the proportion and number of each taxon group for herbivores, Armadillidae (0.15%, 6), Acarina (2.57%, 101), Psocoptera (0.25%, 10), Hemiptera (0.46%, 18), Mecoptera (0.05%, 2), Hymenoptera (not ant) (5.14%, 202), Aphididae (3.82%, 150), Cicadellidae (0.4%, 16), Curculionidae (3.61%, 142), Chrysomelidae (0.23%, 9), Elateridae (3.36%, 132), Erotylidae (3.16%, 124), Nitidulidae (2.6%, 102), Pyrochoroidae (0.08%, 3), Scarabaeidae (0.31%, 12), and Cetoniidae (0.13%, 5). Predators were consisted of the following taxa groups: Araneae (2.9%,114), Chilopoda (0.31%, 12), Formicidae (4.25%, 167), Carabidae (0.08%, 3), Staphylinidae (1.09%, 43), Cleridae (0.05%, 2), Pselaphidae (0.1%, 4), Colydiidae (0.38%, 15), Harpalidae (0.1%, 4), Histeridae (0.36%, 14), and Dermestidae (0.8%, 31). Detritivores were consisted of the following taxa groups: Millipedes (0.92%, 36), Archaeognatha(1.6%, 63), Diptera (7.81%, 307), Collembola (35.47%, 1394), Protura (0.03%, 1), Dermaptera (0.1%, 4), Tettigoniidae (0.08%, 4), Raphiidophoridae (0.03%, 1), Ipidae (14.12%, 555), Silphidae (0.15%, 6), Cuculidae (0.15%, 6), Cerambycidae (0.38%, 15), Oedeeridae (0.03%, 1), Lucamnidae (0.03%, 1), Stenotrachelidae (0.05%, 2), Buprestidae (0.13%, 5), Tenebrionidae (0.23%, 9), and Mordellidae (0.1%, 4), etc. Conclusively, the snag plays an important roll as the diverse arthropods’ habitats in the Korean fir forest ecosystem.

Arthropods’ discovered in Incheon port containers

Dayeong Kim,Dong Eon Kim,Nang-Hee Kim,Min-Ji Lee,Young-Gyu Ban,Beom-jun Jang,Heejo Lee 한국응용곤충학회 2022 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2022 No.10

탄자니아 국립공원 야생동물 연구센터와 연구소재은행 간 생물자원 협력사업

정민경(Minkyung Jung),안경숙(Kyungsook Ahn),이연희(Yeonhee Lee) 적정기술학회 2016 적정기술학회지(Journal of Appropriate Technology) Vol.2 No.1

(재)연구소재중앙센터와 세 개의 연구소재은행(기생생물자원은행, 의용절지동물은행, 항생제내성균주은행)은 미래창 조과학부 개도국과학기술지원사업의 지원을 받아 탄자니아 천연자원관광부 산하의 국립공원 야생동물 연구센터 (TAWIRI)와 2010년 8월부터 2015년 6월까지 5년간 생물자원 협력사업을 수행했다. 이 사업의 목적은 탄자니아 생물 자원 보존을 위한 인적·물적 인프라 구축, 현지 연구원에게 생명과학 기술 교육 제공, 아프리카 고유의 생물자원을 활용한 야생동물 및 지역민 질병연구를 수행하는 것이다. 본 사업을 통해 2013년 1월 국내 연구소재은행의 운영시스템을 전수하여 현지에 연구소재은행을 설립하였고, 탄자니아 연구원들을 대상으로 정기적인 현지 방문 교육과 국내 초청 생명과학 교육을 진행해 왔다. 탄자니아 현지에서 수집한 희귀 생물자원은 분류, 동정 후에 복사본을 만들어 양국 에서 보존하며 인수공통감염병과 항생제 내성 연구 등에 활용하고 있다. 중앙센터와 연구소재은행들은 기술 지원과 생물자원 공동연구 등 탄자니아와의 학술교류 활동을 지속할 계획이다. Korea National Research Resource Center (KNRRC) had worked on a five-year project entitled, Cooperation on Bioresources with Tanzania Wildlife Research Institute (TAWIRI) from August 2010 to June 2015 with support from the Ministry of Science, ICT & Future Planning of Korea. Main purposes of the project were: 1. Establishing a biological resource center and its management system; 2. Building capacity in Tanzanian researchers with short- and long-term biotechnology education programs; 3. Conducting collaborative research on pathogens in wildlife and their transmission mechanisms. In 2013, KNRRC supported the opening of Tanzania Wildlife Research Resource Unit (TWRRU) at the TAWIRI headquarters in Tanzania. Korean researchers visited Tanzania 2 to 4 times a year and Tanzanian researchers were invited to Korea once a year for trainings. The training program included education for managing biological resources and operating resource centers as well as laboratory practices for sampling and storage of bacteria, parasites and arthropods. Duplicates of each specimen collected in Tanzania were prepared for further analysis and preserved in both countries. KNRRC plans to continue technical support and academic exchange with TAWIRI and to further collaborate on research of wildlife bioresources.

Response of ground arthropods on effect of urbanization in southern Osaka, Japan

Cheol-Min Lee,Tae-Sung Kwon 한국응용곤충학회 2015 한국응용곤충학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2015 No.10

Ground arthropods are abundant in urban ecosystem, but our understanding on their ecological traits is little. The aim of this study is to clarify the effect of urbanization on ground arthropod communities. Ground arthropods were monitored once a week from April to December 2005 in 6 sites: Yamato River riverbank (Site 1), Daisen Park (Site 2), Oizumi forest area (Site 3), Osaka Prefecture University campus (Site 4), Paddy field (Site 5), and Satoyama (Site 6). A total of 221,000 individuals of ground arthropods belonging to 19 orders were collected in 6 sites. Isopoda including Porcellionidae and Armadillidiidae was the 1st dominant and 195161 individuals were collected, representing 88.3% of the total. Mean density of ground arthropods in Site 1- 4, urbanized areas, was much higher than in paddy field and Satoyama. Pattern of ground arthropod community in riverbank did not differ with those of urban park, urban forest area, and campus. Our finding showed that ground arthropods in urban area tend to increase biomass and specific groups in area disturbed and urbanized by human activities.

관행 고추밭과 유기농 고추밭에서 절지동물의 군집 구조와 생물다양성의 비교

이수연,김승태,임재성,정종국,이준호 한국유기농업학회 2013 韓國有機農業學會誌 Vol.21 No.4

본 연구는 관행포장과 유기포장에서 절지동물의 군집 구조와 생물다양성을 비교하기 위해 실시되었다. 조사기간 중 채집된 절지동물은 관행포장에서 6,901개체였으며 유기포장에서는 21,871개체로 총 28,718개체였으며 10목 24과 36종으로 동정되었으며 농법별 절지동물 군집을 구성하는 종수는 관행농과 유기농 모두 32종으로 같았고 관행포장에서는 파리목, 유기농에서는 벌목과 톡토기목의 종지수가 높았다. 대만총채벌레(F. intonsa)는 농법에 관계없이 발생밀도가 현저히 높았고 관행포장에서 우점종은 담배나방(H. assulta)이었고 유기포장에서는 줄무늬빗톡토기(H. mediaseta), 파리류 4(Diptera sp. 4) 및 별늑대거미(P. astrigera)였다. 절지동물 군집의 생물다양성은 지표면에서 종다양성이 관행포장에서 유기포장보다 높았으며 통계학적으로 차이가 있었다. 농법간 절지동물의 군집의 유사성은 지표면 및 지상부 식물체에서 활동하는 절지동물 군집은 대체로 농법에 의해 구분되었으며 그 유사도는 각각 34.07%와 26.95%로 비교적 낮아 농법간 이질성이 있었다. 생태학적 기능군의 종지수는 지상부 식물체에서 일반군, 해충군 및 천적군 중 기생포식자군에서 통계학적인 차이가 있었으며, 해충군과 기생포식자군 모두 유기포장에서 높았다. 발생밀도는 지표면에서 천적군 중 포식자군이 유기포장에서 관행포장에 비해 약 2배 정도 높았고 통계학적으로 차이가 있었다. 종다양성은 지상부 식물체에서 일반군과 천적군 중 기생포식자군에서 통계학적인 차이가 있었다. 개별 생태학적 기능군의 농법별 상대적 발생밀도 변동에서 관행포장에서는 해충군의 점유도가 높았고 유기농에서는 분해자군의 점유도가 현저히 높았다. 본 연구결과는 유기농업에서 효율적인 해충관리방안을 구축하는데 있어 유용한 절지동물 군집 정보를 제공할 것으로 사료된다. This study was conducted to compare the community structure and biodiversity of arthropods between conventional and organic red pepper fields. A total of 36 species of 24 families belonging to 10 orders from collected 28,718 arthropods; 6,901 individuals from conventional field and 21,871 individuals from organic field. A number of species comprising arthropod community was same in both fields as 32 species. Species richness of Diptera was the highest in conventional field and that of Hymenoptera and Colembolla was the highest in organic field. Abundance of Frankliniella intonsa was the highest regardless of farming method. Helicoverpa assulta was dominant in conventional field, and Homidia mediaseta, Diptera sp. 4 and Pardosa astrigera were dominant in organic field. Diversity of community on the ground was higher in organic field and statistically different. Similarity of arthropod community showed difference with 34.07% on the ground and 26.95% in the plant above ground. In the ecologically functional guild: species richness of general, pest and parasitoid of natural enemy groups in the plant above ground were statistically different and pest and parasitoid groups were higher in organic field, abundance of predator group of natural enemy on the ground was 2 times higher in organic field and statistically different and diversity of general and parasitoid groups in the plant above ground were statistically different. In the relative occupancy rate, pest group was the highest in conventional field and decomposer group was the highest in organic field. The results of present study is considered to provide useful information of arthropod community for developing efficient insect pest management in organic farming.