청장년층 공황장애와 준·고령층 공황장애 사이의 조기외상 경험 비교

김지은(Ji Eun Kim),송인한(In Han Song),이강수(Kang-Soo Lee),이상혁(Sang-Hyuk Lee) 대한노인정신의학회 2016 노인정신의학 Vol.20 No.2

Objective:To investigate the early trauma history between young/middle adulthood patients and earlier/later older adulthood patients with panic disorder (PD). Methods:216 patients with PD and 76 healthy controls (HCs) were included for analysis. Patients with PD were operationally dichotomized into two groups of young/middle adulthood (age below 50 years) and earlier/later older adulthood (age 50 years or over) to compare the early trauma history between two groups. Data of sociodemographic factors, self-reported shortened form of the Early Trauma Inventory (ETI), and the Albany Panic and Phobia Questionnaire (APPQ) were analyzed. Results:Patients with PD showed higher scores of ETI than HCs. Young/middle adulthood PD showed statistically significantly higher levels of general trauma (t=-2.088, p=0.041), physical abuse (t=-2.456, p=0.014), emotional abuse (t=-3.690, p=0.000), and total scores of trauma (t=-3.534, p=0.001) except sexual abuse. In the young/middle adulthood PD group, ETI scores were significantly correlated with APPQ scores while no significant correlation with ETI was found in earlier/later older adulthood PD. Conclusion:These results show that PD is statistically associated with early trauma history and that early trauma history is more significantly related with PD in young/middle adulthood than earlier/later older adulthood. These findings suggest that the age factor should be considered in clinical practice for patients with PD.

청년의 사회자본이 주민참여예산 활동에 미치는 영향 연구

김정인 (재) 한국지방행정연구원 2023 地方行政硏究 Vol.37 No.4

주민참여예산제도가 한국의 지방자치단체에 의무적으로 도입된지 20여 년이 지났지만 기성세대에 비해 청년들의 주민참여예산 활동이 미흡하다는 비판이 제기되고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 청년층을 대상으로 하여 청년들의 사회자본 현황과 그들의 사회자본이 주민참여예산 활동에 미치는 영향을 실증적으로 분석하였다. 그 결과 청년들의 사회자본은 기성세대에 비해 다소 낮게 나타났으며, 사회자본 중에서 이웃신뢰와 자원봉사/기부활동이 많은 청년들의 주민참여예산 활동 경험은 높은 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 가족신뢰가 높은 청년들은 오히려 주민참여예산 활동 경험이 낮은 것으로 나타났으며, 그 외의 사회자본 변수들은 청년들의 주민참여예산 활동에 통계적으로 유의미한 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이와 관련해 본 연구는 기존의 주민참여예산제도 연구들이 거의 다루지 않았던 청년층의 사회자본과 주민참여예산제도의 관계를 실증분석하여 청년들의 주민참여예산 활동 증진 방안을 제시하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다. Although it has been 20 years since the mandatory citizen participatory budgeting system was introduced in Korea, there is criticism that young adulthood's participatory budgeting activities are insufficient compared to the older generation. Thus, our study targeted young adulthood and empirically analyzed the status of young adulthood's social capital and the impact of their social capital on citizen participatory budgeting activities. As a result, the young adulthood’ social capital was found to be somewhat lower than that of the older generation, and among the social capital, young people with high levels of trust in neighbors and volunteerism/donation activities had high levels of experience in citizen participatory budgeting activities. Meanwhile, young adulthood with high family trust had less experience with citizen participatory budgeting activities, and other social capital variables did not show a significant relationship with young adulthood' participatory budgeting activities. When we consider these results, we found that our study would be significant in that it empirically analyzed the relationship between young adulthood’s social capital and its citizen participatory budgeting system, which was rarely covered in existing participatory budgeting system studies, and proposed ways to promote young adulthood’ participation in the citizen participatory budgeting system.

The Effects of Caffeine on the Long Bones and Testes in Immature and Young Adult Rats

Kwak, Yoojin,Choi, Hyeonhae,Roh, Jaesook Korean Society of ToxicologyKorea Environmental Mu 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.2

This study was to evaluate the age-dependent effects of caffeine exposure on the long bones and reproductive organs using male rats. A total of 15 immature male rats and 15 young adult male rats were allocated randomly to three groups: a control group and two groups fed caffeine with 120 and 180 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Exposure to caffeine at either dose significantly reduced body weight gain; a proportional reduction in muscle and fat mass in immature animals, whereas a selective reduction in fat mass with relatively preserved muscle mass in young adult animals. The long bones of immature rats exposed to caffeine were significantly shorter and lighter than those of control animals along with decreased bone minerals. However, there was no difference in the length or weight of the long bones in young adult rats exposed to caffeine. Exposure to caffeine reduced the size and absolute weight of the testes significantly in immature animals in comparison to control animals, but not in young adult animals exposed to caffeine. In contrast, the adrenal glands were significantly heavier in caffeine-fed young adult rats in comparison to control animals, but not in caffeine-fed immature rats. Our results clearly show that the negative effects of caffeine on the long bones and testes in rats are different according to the age of the rat at the time of exposure, and might therefore be caused by changes to organ sensitivity and metabolic rate at different developmental stages. Although the long bones and testes are more susceptible to caffeine during puberty, caffeine has negative effects on body fat, bone minerals and the adrenal glands when exposure occurs during young adulthood. There is a need, therefore, to educate the public the potential dangers of caffeine consumption during puberty and young adulthood.

The Effects of Caffeine on the Long Bones and Testes in Immature and Young Adult Rats

Yoojin Kwak,Hyeonhae Choi,Jaesook Roh 한국독성학회 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.2

This study was to evaluate the age-dependent effects of caffeine exposure on the long bones and reproductive organs using male rats. A total of 15 immature male rats and 15 young adult male rats were allocated randomly to three groups: a control group and two groups fed caffeine with 120 and 180 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Exposure to caffeine at either dose significantly reduced body weight gain; a proportional reduction in muscle and fat mass in immature animals, whereas a selective reduction in fat mass with relatively preserved muscle mass in young adult animals. The long bones of immature rats exposed to caffeine were significantly shorter and lighter than those of control animals along with decreased bone minerals. However, there was no difference in the length or weight of the long bones in young adult rats exposed to caffeine. Exposure to caffeine reduced the size and absolute weight of the testes significantly in immature animals in comparison to control animals, but not in young adult animals exposed to caffeine. In contrast, the adrenal glands were significantly heavier in caffeine-fed young adult rats in comparison to control animals, but not in caffeine-fed immature rats. Our results clearly show that the negative effects of caffeine on the long bones and testes in rats are different according to the age of the rat at the time of exposure, and might therefore be caused by changes to organ sensitivity and metabolic rate at different developmental stages. Although the long bones and testes are more susceptible to caffeine during puberty, caffeine has negative effects on body fat, bone minerals and the adrenal glands when exposure occurs during young adulthood. There is a need, therefore, to educate the public the potential dangers of caffeine consumption during puberty and young adulthood.

The Effects of Caffeine on the Long Bones and Testes in Immature and Young Adult Rats

곽유진,최현혜,노재숙 한국독성학회 2017 Toxicological Research Vol.33 No.2

This study was to evaluate the age-dependent effects of caffeine exposure on the long bones and reproductive organs using male rats. A total of 15 immature male rats and 15 young adult male rats were allocated randomly to three groups: a control group and two groups fed caffeine with 120 and 180 mg/kg/day for 4 weeks. Exposure to caffeine at either dose significantly reduced body weight gain; a proportional reduction in muscle and fat mass in immature animals, whereas a selective reduction in fat mass with relatively preserved muscle mass in young adult animals. The long bones of immature rats exposed to caffeine were significantly shorter and lighter than those of control animals along with decreased bone minerals. However, there was no difference in the length or weight of the long bones in young adult rats exposed to caffeine. Exposure to caffeine reduced the size and absolute weight of the testes significantly in immature animals in comparison to control animals, but not in young adult animals exposed to caffeine. In contrast, the adrenal glands were significantly heavier in caffeine-fed young adult rats in comparison to control animals, but not in caffeine-fed immature rats. Our results clearly show that the negative effects of caffeine on the long bones and testes in rats are different according to the age of the rat at the time of exposure, and might therefore be caused by changes to organ sensitivity and metabolic rate at different developmental stages. Although the long bones and testes are more susceptible to caffeine during puberty, caffeine has negative effects on body fat, bone minerals and the adrenal glands when exposure occurs during young adulthood. There is a need, therefore, to educate the public the potential dangers of caffeine consumption during puberty and young adulthood.

새로운 생애 발달 단계로서의 성인모색기(Emerging Adulthood)

김은정(Kim, Eunjung) 한국이론사회학회 2011 사회와 이론 Vol.19 No.-

교육기간의 확대, 결혼과 출산연령의 고령화를 통해 확인되는 사회구조의 변화에 의해 20대를 성인기로 취급 하는 전통적인 시각은 더 이상 유효하지 않다. 이에, 아네트(Arnett, 2004)는 현재의 20대가 과거의 20대와는 달리, 성인기과업을 지체하고 있다고 보며, 이러한 연령기를 분석하는 개념으로, ‘성인모색기(emerging adulthood)’를 제안하였다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 아네트의 개념을 기반으로 하여, 한국사회의 여대생을 통해 현재 20대여성의 성인기 모색 작업을 분석하였다. 20대와 관련한 중요 키워드(교육과 취업, 의미 있는 타자들과의 관계, 성/연애/결혼)를 중심으로 반구조화된 설문지 내용을 작성하여, 14명의 여대생들을 심층 면접 하였다. 개별 면접을 마친 후에는 면접 참가자를 대상으로 그룹을 형성하여, 포커스 그룹 인터뷰를 3회 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 현재의 20대 여성은 과거 20대 여성이 결혼을 하여 가정을 이루면서 성인기 진입을 했던 것과는 달리, 교육과학업 시기를 연장하고, 직업을 모색하며, 결혼을 연기하고 있어서, 경제적/사회적/주거적 독립을 기반으로 하는 성인기 진입을 하지 못한 상태에 머물러 있다는 사실이 밝혀졌다. 산업구조의 변화에 따라 개인적으로 이러한 시기를 피하는 것이 불가능해진 만큼, 이제 20대는 아네트가 논의한 것처럼 과거와는 달리 성인기 진입을 하지 못한 채, 성인기 진입을 위해 준비하고 모색하는 시기라고 할 수 있다. The rise in the ages of entering marriage and parenthood, the lengthening of higher education and the prolonged job instability during the twenties has made young people experience the development of a new period of life, which is called “Emerging Adulthood” by Arnett(2004). This study described the characteristics of this new period of life with Korean women in their early twenties. Young women of the past were supposed to marry and care for children. This study found that young women in the present, are unlikely to marry, become parents and find a long-term job until at least their late twenties. They live in a long moratorium in their twenties before entering the period of the real adulthood. In conclusion, they explore a wide range of different possible future paths, postponing their roles as adults. In other words, young women in the 21st century experience the emerging adulthood, which was unprecedented.

지역아동센터 이용자들의 경험 회고 연구: 청년기의 시각

김경민,강철희 한국사회복지연구회 2024 사회복지연구 Vol.55 No.1

취약계층 아동⋅청소년을 위한 대표적 돌봄기관인 지역아동센터가 2004년에 법제화된 이후 20년 동안 운영되어 왔다. 지역아동센터를 이용했던 다수의 이용자들이 현재는 청년으로서의 삶을 살아가고 있다. 그간 지역아동센터에 대한 연구가 많이이루어져왔으나 청년이 된 과거 이용자들에 대한 연구는 제한적이다. 이에 과거에 지역아동센터를 이용했던 20-30대 초반의 청년10명에 대한 질적 연구를 통해 청년기 관점에서 바라본 지역아동센터 이용 경험의 의미를 탐색하며 새로운 이해를 마련해 보고자했다. 분석결과, 첫째, 지역아동센터에서의 경험은 ‘가족을 보완하는 친밀한 돌봄 제공처이자 성장의 동반자’, ‘다양한 체험과 배움의장’, ‘사회에 대한 선경험의 장’의 의미를 갖는 것으로 파악되었다. 둘째, 지역아동센터 이용 경험이 현재의 삶에 미치는 영향은‘리질리언스를 돕는 관계 자원’, ‘임파워먼트의 근간: 자아존중감과 자신감’, ‘사회공동체 구성원으로의 적응 기반’, ‘타인을 돌보는시민으로의 성장 기반’으로 인식하는 것으로 나타났다. 이런 연구결과를 토대로 이론적⋅실천적 함의를 제시한다. This study investigates the self-reflection of young adults who were former users of community childcare centers, shedding light on their experiences and their impact. Community childcare centers, established in 2004, play a pivotal role in providing care for children and teenagers from vulnerable social backgrounds. In 2023, nearly two decades after their inception, a significant portion of their previous users have transitioned into young adulthood. Despite extensive research on current users of these centers, limited attention has been given to those who utilized them in the past and have since entered their twenties and thirties. To address this gap, we conducted qualitative research involving ten young adults in their twenties and early thirties who were former users of community childcare centers. Our primary objective was to analyze the essence of their past experiences within the context of young adulthood and establish a foundational understanding of these experiences. By exploring the medium and long-term effects of their time in community childcare centers, this research serves as a valuable source of baseline knowledge for future investigations. This study focused on two central research questions. First, “What is the significance of experiences at community childcare centers from the perspective of young adults?” Second, “What influence do experiences at community childcare centers have on the lives of young adults?” The analysis of the first research question revealed that experiences at community childcare centers held multiple meanings for the users. They saw these centers as “a place providing intimate care supporting growth and development,” “a setting for diverse and formative experiences and learning,” and “a space for early social interactions.” Meanwhile, the analysis of the second research question highlighted that research participants perceived the influence of their community childcare center experiences as “a source of resilient relationships,” “a foundation for empowerment, fostering self-esteem and self-confidence,” “a basis for integration into the wider social community,” and “a cornerstone for personal growth as a compassionate and caring citizen.” Drawing from these research findings, we offer theoretical and practical implications that contribute to a better understanding of the impacts of community childcare centers in shaping the lives and perspectives of young adults.

‘신생 성인기’를 위한 기독교신앙교육

박향숙 한국기독교교육학회 2014 기독교교육논총 Vol.37 No.-

With changes of current social context, It has emerged a newadulthood that don’t choice the traditional social task as adult butconcentrate on exploration and experiment of themselves. Jeffrey J. Arnett named that ‘emerging adulthood’ that is neither ‘adolescence’ nor‘adulthood.’ ‘Emerging adulthood’ is a important period that a personbegins self-consciously to reflect on the meaning of life and creates anadult vision of faith. But in Korea, there is little research on ‘emergingadulthood’ in terms of new social context, either Christian education orin other fields. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to present Christian faitheducation for ‘emerging adulthood’. This presentation is based on theresearches of Arnett, Christian Smith and Patricia Snell, and Sharon D. Parks. Three types of Christian faith education are as follows. First, It is Christian faith education of guiding the journey forvocation exploration. Identity, dreams, purpose, and meaning of life inthe ‘emerging adulthood’ are revised as ‘vocation’ through the relationwith God. ‘Journey’ is the metaphor that means emerging adult’svocation exploration in relational with God, not a result but a process,not one-time but steady development. Second, It is Christian faith education of helping the interpretation ofthe narrative valley for their own faith. ‘Emerging adults’ have madetheir own narrative from diverse cultures. The ‘valley’ is the metaphorfor life context that an ‘emerging adult’ is complex and confused andtwisted by experience of hope and failure. They need someone matureand a critical dialogue with them for auto-biographical, existential,evangelical narrative. Third, It is Christian faith education of helping them experience aChristian faith community as a ‘Home of God.’ ‘Home of God’ is themetaphor for a community that hugs emerging adults feeling lost, getsvarious subjects to inter-relationally know God in the various andcomplex context, and overcomes the institutional and physical shortcomingsof traditional churches. An ‘Emerging adult’ requires the experience ofwaiting and hope in the sanctuary of a community, the experience ofgoing with others in an inter-relational learning community and theexperience of living together with others in a multi-network community. 현대 사회의 변화와 함께, 전통적인 성인기의 과업으로 간주되던 사회적 과제들을 선택하지 않고 자신을 탐색하고 실험하는 데에 더 열중하는 ‘청소년기’도 ‘성인기’도 아닌 새로운 성인기가 등장하게 되었다. 아넷은 이들을 ‘신생 성인기(emerging adulthood)’라고 명명하였다. 신생 성인기는 삶의 의미를 자기 의식적으로 성찰하면서 성인기의 신앙적 시각이 탄생되는 중요한 시기이다. 그러나 한국에서 직접적으로 신생 성인기를 거론한 기독교교육학 연구는 시도되지 않았다. 이에 본 논문은 ‘신생 성인’을 위한 기독교신앙교육의 방향을 제안하는 것을 목적으로한다. 본 논문의 제안은 아넷, 스미스와 스넬, 팍스가 연구한 신생 성인의 신앙적 맥락을기초로 하였다. 본 논문이 제안하는 ‘신생 성인기’를 위한 세 가지 기독교신앙교육은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 소명의 탐색 여행을 안내하는 교육이다. ‘신생 성인기’의 정체성, 꿈, 목적, 그리고삶의 의미는 하나님과의 관계를 통한 ‘소명’으로 재해석된다. ‘여행’은 ‘신생 성인’이 탐색하는 소명이 하나님과의 관계를 통한 자기 인식에서 출발하는 것이고, 과업적인 결과가 아닌과정적인 것이며, 단회적이 아닌 지속적인 발달을 겪는 것임을 의미하는 메타포이다. 둘째, 자신만의 개인적인 신앙 내러티브의 계곡을 재해석할 수 있도록 돕는 교육이다. ‘신생 성인’은 다양한 문화적 맥락 속에서 구성한 자신만의 개인적인 신앙 내러티브를 갖고 있다. ‘계곡’은 희망과 절망, 성공과 실패를 포함한 혼란스럽고 복잡한 ‘신생 성인’의삶의 맥락을 드러내기 위한 메타포이다. 이들에겐 성숙한 신앙을 가진 성인 타자들과의성찰적인 대화를 통해 자전적이고 실존적이고 복음적인 신앙 내러티브를 생성해내고 해석하도록 돕는 교육이 필요하다. 셋째, 하나님의 집의 품에 안기는 신앙경험을 제공하는 교육이다. ‘하나님의 집’은 집없이 길을 잃고 살아가는 ‘신생 성인’이 돌아가 안길 공동체, 다양하고 복잡한 맥락 속에서 다양한 주체들이 상호관계적으로 하나님을 알아가는 공동체, 제도적이고 물리적인 공간으로서의 기존의 교회의 한계를 넘어서는 공동체를 의미한다. ‘신생 성인’에게는 안식공동체를 통한 기다림과 희망, 상호관계적인 배움 공동체를 통한 동행, 다층적인 네트워크공동체를 통한 공존의 신앙경험이 제공되어야 한다.

초기 성인기의 정체성 구성에 관한 연구

김현주(Kim, Hyunju),이선이(Lee, Suni),이여봉(Lee, Yeobong) 한국가족학회 2013 가족과 문화 Vol.25 No.3

본 연구는 초기 성인기에 해당하는 미혼 남녀들의 성인 정체성의 구성요소들에 관한 인식과 성인 정체성 구성에서 중요한 타자들의 역할에 대해 탐구하였다. 만 25세부터 34세에 해당하는 미혼 남녀 24명을 대상으로 심층면접하고 콜라찌(Colaizzi)의 주제분석방법을 통해 결과를 기술하였다. 성인 정체성의 주요 구성영역은 다섯 가지 영역으로 구분되며, 각 영역에서 성인됨의 판단기준이 되는 의미주제들이 분류되었다. 이때 동일한 상황에 대해서 참여자들이 부여하는 주관적, 심리적 의미부여에 띠라 성인 정체성의 판단이 다름을 발견하였다. 또한 성인 정체성을 인지함에 있어 중요한 타자와의 분리와 연결이 중요하게 작용함을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 사례연구 결과에서 보다 분명하게 드러나서 개인적 수준에서 중요한 타자와의 분리와 연결의 관계를 통해 복수 정체성을 형성하고, 개인들은 자신의 성인 정체성을 형성하기 위해 타협을 진행하고 있음도 발견하였다. This study explored elements of the adulthood identity among the unmarried men and women, and also the role of the significant others in the identity formation. We collected date from the unmarried men and women aged from 25 to 34 through in-depth interviews. We described the results using Collaizzi's thematic analysis method. Major areas of the adulthood identity are Aisted of 5 areas. We categorized themes which were working as basis of adulthood identity within each area. We found differences in identity formation depending on the subjective, psychological meanings bestowed on the same situation. We found that there was an important mechanism of the separation from or the connectedness with significant others, as a result of the case study analysis. Because of the participants' multiple identity which were built while they were interacting with significant others, they were in the process of the negotiation to build their own adulthood identity formation.

탈북 청년의 가족관계경험에 관한 연구: -내러티브-생애사 분석을 중심으로-

전명희 ( Myung Hee Jun ) 한국가족사회복지학회 2016 한국가족복지학 Vol.51 No.-

본 연구는 북한을 탈출하여 남한 사회에 정착하고 적응하고자 노력하고 있는 두 청년의 이야기를 가족관계 경험을 중심으로 하여 로젠탈의 내러티브-생애사 접근 방법으로 분석하였다. 두 연구 주인공이 경험한 인생여정에서 출발점인 원가족은 가정불화, 가족 상실과 해체의 경험으로 따스함을 경험하지 못하고 버려지는 경험을 하였던 곳이었으며,10대에는 가족 울타리가 없이 전전하며 목숨을 연명하는 시기를 보내왔다. 가족 재결합과 재구성, 상실 속에서 탈북과 남한 입국의 과정을 거치게 되었고, 20대 후반의 청년기에 이르러 원가족과의 심리적분리 및 새로운 가족 형성의 과업 앞에 놓여있다. 이러한 그들의 삶에서 현재 중요한 삶의 주제로는 부모나 북한 땅에서 받은 것이 없이 버려짐과 홀로서기의 경험이 지배적이지만 집안의기둥으로서 가족을 살리는 사명자로서 재북 가족과 탈북 가족들을 돌아보는 고단한 짐을 스스로 떠안고 있음을 알 수 있다. 이는 남한과 북한 사회가 공유하고 있는 전통적인 ``가족주의`` 의 가치가 표현된 것으로 오히려 남한에서는 희석되어 가는 가족을 위해 희생해야 한다고 여기는 관념으로서의 가족 의식이 깊은 것을 알 수 있다. 또한 남과 여 두 청년이 가부장적 구조속에서 서로 다른 입장과 적응 전략을 통해 자기 및 가족 정체감을 형성하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구를 통해 남한에 입국하여 청년기를 보내고 새로운 가족을 만들어갈 탈북 청년들의 발달적 과업과 현재의 삶을 어떻게 통합할 수 있을지에 관한 논의를 제시해보았다. This research aims to explore the family relationship experiences of two young adults from North Korea through Rosenthal`s autobiographical-narrative methods. Series of in-depth interviews were conducted with a male and a female subjects. In biographies of North Korean young adults who live in South Korea now, their original family suffered from parental conflict, family break-up and loss in their childhood, and the subjects experienced being left and neglected from their parents due to huger and hardship in North Korea situations in 1990s. However, they have hold their family burdens during the exile from North Korea to South Korea and still have been supporting their family members in North Korea or South Korea financially. Results indicated that young adults from North Korea keep the main value of "familism" in the patriarchical society as like South Korean people had and they have believed that they ought to sacrifice themselves, delaying their developmental task in the young adulthood. In addition, the research found that the male and the female have different strategies to survive and adjust on family gender perspectives. Based on the results, some implications and practical suggestions were discussed for the young adults from North Korea in the settlement process.