Frequency, Clinical Pattern and Outcome of Thrombosis in Cancer Patients in Saudi Arabia

Aleem, Aamer,Diab, Abdul Rahman Al,Alsaleh, Khalid,Algahtani, Farjah,Alsaeed, Eyad,Iqbal, Zafar,El-Sherkawy, Mohamed Sherif Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention 2012 Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention Vol.13 No.4

Objectives: Thrombotic risk is increased in patients with cancer and there are important implications for those who suffer a venous thromboembolism (VTE). We undertook this study to determine the frequency, clinical patterns, and outcome of VTE in Saudi patients with cancer. Methods: Cancer (solid tumors and lymphoma) patients who developed VTE from January 2004 to January 2009 were studied retrospectively. Demographics and clinical characteristics related to thrombosis and cancer were evaluated. Results: A total of 701 patients with cancer were seen during the study period. VTE was diagnosed in 47 (6.7%) patients (median age 52, range 18-80 years). Lower limb DVT was the most common type, seen in 47% patients, followed by PE in 19%, and 19% patients had both DVT & PE. Thrombosis was symptomatic in 72% patients while it was an incidental finding on routine workup in 28%. Cancer and VTE were diagnosed at the same time in 38% of patients, and 47% patients developed VTE during the course of disease after the cancer diagnosis. The majority of VTE post cancer diagnoses occurred during the first year (median 4 months, range 1-14). Additional risk factors for VTE were present in 22 (47%) patients and 14 (30%) of these patients were receiving chemotherapy at the time of thrombosis. Only 5 (10.6%) patients were receiving thrombo-prophylaxis at the time of VTE diagnosis. Most common types of tumors associated with thrombosis were breast cancer, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and lung cancer. The majority of the affected patients (79%) had advanced stage of cancer. After a median follow-up of 13 (range 0.5-60) months, 38 (81%) patients had died. There was no difference in the mortality of patients with symptomatic or asymptomatic thrombosis (82% vs 78.6%). Conclusions: Thrombotic complications can develop in a significant number of patients with cancer, and almost half of the patients have additional risk factors for VTE. Thrombosis is usually associated with advanced disease and can be asymptomatic in more than a quarter of cases. Thromboprophylaxis in cancer patients is under-utilized. Community based studies are needed to accurately define the extent of this problem and to develop effective prophylactic strategies.

PCR 기법 이용 VTe 분비 대장균 검출

윤순식,박남용,임정택,Yoon, Soon-seek,Park, Nam-yong,Lim, Jeong-taek 대한수의학회 1996 大韓獸醫學會誌 Vol.36 No.3

Several methods for rapid and accurate detection of VTe-producing E coli were established. These methods contain beta-glucuronidase-secretion test, beta-haemolysis-production test in blood agar, verocytotoxicity test, and PCR. All of the VTe-producing strains made beta-haemolysis on 5% sheep blood agar. VTe-producing strains secreted beta-glucuronidase whereas 0157:H7 strains producing VTI or VTII did not secrete that enzyme. Verocytotoxicity test was established for rapid diagnosis. VTe detection was rapider in Vero cell suspension than Vero cell monolayer. In PCR, there was a positive result only in VTe-producing E coli, not in VTI or VTII-producing E coli. In this experiment, 165 strains of E coli were islated from feces or intestinal contents of post-weaning piglets showing nervous sign or diarrhea. And 20 strains of E coli that produced VTe were selected by verocytotoxicity test and PCR. According to these experiments, there was a direct correlation between verocytotoxicity test and PCR. And verocytotoxicity test is recommended as a routine diagnostic method and PCR does as a accurate diagnostic method to detect VTe-producing E coli.

암환자에서 정맥혈전색전증의 예방과 치료

송교영 ( Kyo Young Song ) 대한임상종양학회 2009 Korean Journal of Clinical Oncology Vol.5 No.2

암환자는 정맥혈전색전증(venous thromboembolism, VTE)의 발병위험이 6배 높으며 같은 수술이라도 암으로 수술 받는 경우 최소 두 배 이상 심부정맥혈전증 (deep venous thrombosis, DVT) 발생빈도가 높다. 암환자에서의 VTE의 발생은 암의 종류, 진행 정도와 밀접한 관계가 있으며 췌장암, 악성뇌종양, 폐암, 난소암, 대장암, 위암 등에서 높다. 암환자에서 예방적 항혈전제의 사용이 VTE를 예방하는 데 비용대비 효과적임이 많은 연구에서 증명되었고 특히 수술 전후 VTE예방을 위해 사용할 것이 권장되고 있다. 저용량 헤파린 (low dose unfractionated heparin), 저분자량 헤파린(low molecular weight heparin, LMWH), 또는 fondaprinux 등과 같은 항혈전제의 효과는 비교연구에서 큰 차이를 보이지 않으나 heparin-induced thrombocytopenia와 같은 합병증이 적고 검사실 수치의 감시가 필요하지 않은 LMWH의 사용이 추천된다. 물리적 방법인 탄력 스타킹이나 간헐적 공기 압박법은 중등도 위험도의 환자에서 단독사용이 가능하나 고위험군에서는 항혈전제와 함께 사용할 것이 권장된다. VTE 진단 후 치료로 UFH 또는 LMWH을 치료용량으로 사용하며 암환자에서의 재발률이 높으므로 6개월간의 장기 사용이 권장되고 있다. 우리나라에서의 VTE의 발생빈도, 예방적 항혈전제 사용의 효과는 명확히 밝혀져 있지 않으므로 향후 다기관, 전향적 연구가 필요하다고 사료된다.

Vapor Transport Epitaxy에 의한 GaN의 성장과 특성

이재범,김선태,Lee, Jae-Bum,Kim, Seon-Tai 한국재료학회 2006 한국재료학회지 Vol.16 No.8

Highly c-axis oriented poly-crystalline GaN with a dimension of $1{\sim}3\;{\mu}m$ was deposited on $c-Al_2O_3$ substrate by vapor transport epitaxy (VTE) method at the temperature range of $900{\sim}1150^{\circ}C$. XRD intensities from (00'2) plane of grown GaNs were increased with reaction conditions which indicate the improvement of the crystal quality. In the PL spectra measured at 10 K, the spectrum composed with the neutral-donor bound exciton-related emission at 3.47 eV, crystal defect-related emission band at 3.42 eV and with its phonon replicas. The fact that intensity of $I_2$ were increased and FWHM were decreased with growth conditions means that the quality of GaN crystals were improved. With this simple VTE technology, we confirm that the GaNs were simply deposited on sapphire substrate and crystal quality related to optical properties of GaN grown by VTE were relatively good. PL emission without deep level emission in spite of polycrystalline structure can be applicable to the fabrication of large area and low cost optical devices using poly-GaN grown by VTE.

Theoretical Study of Scanning Probe Microscope Images of VTe2

Sung Soo Park,Jeeyoung Lee,Wang Ro Lee,Kee Hag Lee* 대한화학회 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.1

Ab initio periodic Hartree-Fock calculations with the full potential and minimum basis set are applied to interpretation of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images on 1T-VTe2. Our results show that the simulated STM image shows asymmetry while the simulated AFM image shows the circular electron densities at the bright spots without asymmetry of electron density to agree with the experimental AFM image. The bright spots of both the STM and AFM images of VTe2 are associated with the surface Te atoms, while the patterns of bright spots of STM and AFM images are different.

Theoretical Study of Scanning Probe Microscope Images of VTe₂

Park, Sung-Soo,Lee, Jee-Young,Lee, Wang-Ro,Lee, Kee-Hag Korean Chemical Society 2007 Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society Vol.28 No.1

Ab initio periodic Hartree-Fock calculations with the full potential and minimum basis set are applied to interpretation of scanning tunneling microscope (STM) and atomic force microscope (AFM) images on 1TVTe2. Our results show that the simulated STM image shows asymmetry while the simulated AFM image shows the circular electron densities at the bright spots without asymmetry of electron density to agree with the experimental AFM image. The bright spots of both the STM and AFM images of VTe2 are associated with the surface Te atoms, while the patterns of bright spots of STM and AFM images are different.

Overexpression of Arabidopsis Homogentisate Phytyltransferase or Tocopherol Cyclase Elevates Vitamin E Content by Increasing γ-tocopherol Level in Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.)

Koeun Lee,Sa Mi Lee,Sang-Ryoung Park,정진욱,문준관,정종주,김민균 한국분자세포생물학회 2007 Molecules and cells Vol.24 No.2

다발골수종 환자의 정맥혈전색전증 위험 계층화 및 항혈전제 사용 현황

장다슬,고종희,손은선,유윤미 한국병원약사회 2023 병원약사회지 Vol.40 No.2

Background : The risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) increases in multiple myeloma (MM), and the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend VTE prevention using the IMPEDE VTE score. Although there have been studies analyzing the correlation between score increase and VTE incidence, there is a lack of validation on Asian ethnicity. This study applies the IMPEDE VTE score to MM patients to stratify the risk of VTE and analyze VTE incidences and the use of antithrombotics. Methods : We conducted a retrospective analysis of electronic medical records of patients newly diagnosed with MM who visited the Hematology Department of a single-center from January 2018 to December 2021. The occurrence of VTE was followed up for 6 months after treatment initiation. The IMPEDE VTE score was calculated at the start of treatment, and the incidence of VTE and the use of anti-thrombotic drugs were analyzed according to risk. Results : Among 239 patients, 139 (58.2%), 98 (41.0%), and 2 (0.8%) were classified in the low-risk (≤3 points), intermediate-risk (4-7 points), and high-risk group (≥8 points) respectively. Age was significantly higher in the low-risk group than intermediate-risk group. Two cases of VTE occurred within 6 months of treatment initiation, both of which were in the low-risk group. Fifty-one patients (21.3%) received antithrombotics that according to the guideline, and all of them were in the low-risk group. There were 14 cases of bleeding associated with the use of antithrombotics. Conclusion : This study highlights the potential association between age and VTE risk in MM patients. While the current guideline does not consider patients’ age as a risk factor, the higher incidence of VTE in the low-risk group of older patients suggests that old age may need to be taken into account when predicting VTE in MM. Further large-cohort studies are needed to investigate this association and to develop guidelines for VTE risk prediction and prevention in MM patients in Korea.

에살하돈 조약(VTE) 저주와 신명기 언약 저주(28장) 비교 연구에 대한 새로운 제언

장미자 한국신학정보연구원 2009 Canon&Culture Vol.3 No.1

The lists of ancient Middle East curses from the third coming down to the first millennium B. C. share the common structure and concepts. This characteristic of the lists of curses show the cultural distinction was not sharp distinguished from one to another countries. The circumstances of life, climate and ecology was almost same, and also the contents of curses reflect the peoples’ interests on the individual and national concerns, thus the concepts of curses are corresponding. The view on the similar curses between the curse of VTE and covenant curses of Dt 28 indicate that the former influenced on the latter is widely accepted in the Old Testament scholarly world. But the similar structure and concepts existed in the two literature do not support an literary interdependence from one to another. These literature both reveal the structure and the concepts of curses from the second millennium B. C. and the same method of working on curses used the ancient middle East scribes. Except for a few concepts of curses between VTE and Dt 28, others are completely different. A view that the writer of the latter translated the former is not convincing at all, since the ancient scribes did not translate, violating the meaning of the original. An attempt to date Dt 28 according to that of VTE is not sustained in the light of the way of writing used ancient scribes. A study of the treaties from the second down to the first millennium B. C. will provide a key understanding in relation to the date of the writing of Dt 28. BC 3000년 기에서 1000년 기까지 내려온 고대 중동의 저주 목록은 공통 구조와 개념을 반영한다. 저주 목록의 이러한 특성은 고대 중동의 각 나라가 다른 나라와 문화적 교류가 자유로웠다는 점을 시사한다. 또한 삶의 정황, 기후와 생태계도 거의 동일하고 저주의 내용도 고대 중동 사람들의 국가적-개인적 관심사를 반영하기 때문에 저주 개념이 상응한다. VTE 저주와 신명기 28장 언약 저주 사이에 나타난 유사성에 의해 전자가 후자에게 직접적인 영향을 미쳤다는 견해는 구약학계에 널리 지지되고 있다. 그러나 이 두 문헌이 보여주는 구조와 주제가 유사하다고 해서 상호간에 문헌적 의존성을 주장할 수 없는 것은 두 문헌 모두 BC 2000년 기 저주 문헌의 구조와 주제를 반영하고, 고대 중동의 필사가들의 저작 기법을 반영하기 때문이다. VTE 저주와 신명기 언약 저주에 나타난 저주의 개념은 소수를 제외한 나머지는 완전히 다르다. 후자의 저자가 전자를 번역했을 것이라는 주장은 타당하지 않은 것은 고대 중동의 필사가들의 원문의 의미를 왜곡해서 번역하지 않았기 때문이다. VTE 저작 연대가 분명하다고 해서 신명기 28장을 동일한 연대로 보는 견해는 고대 중동의 필사가들의 저작기법에 비추어 볼 때 지지될 수 없다. BC 2000년 기와 1000년 기의 조약에 대한 연구는 신명기 28장 저작 연대 이해에 중요한 단서(端緖)를 제공할 것이다.

에살하돈 조약 저주와 신명기 언약 저주(28장) 비교 연구에 대한 새로운 제언

장미자(Mi-Ja Jang) 한국신학정보연구원 2009 Canon&Culture Vol.7 No.1

BC 3000년 기에서 1000년 기까지 내려온 고대 중동의 저주 목록은 공통 구조와 개념을 반영한다. 저주 목록의 이러한 특성은 고대 중동의 각 나라가 다른 나라와 문화적 교류가 자유로웠다는 점을 시사한다. 또한 삶의 정황, 기후와 생태계도 거의 동일하고 저주의 내용도 고대 중동 사람들의 국가적-개인적 관심사를 반영하기 때문에 저주 개념이 상응한다. VTE 저주와 신명기 28장 언약 저주 사이에 나타난 유사성에 의해 전자가 후자에게 직접적인 영향을 미쳤다는 견해는 구약학계에 널리 지지되고 있다. 그러나 이 두 문헌이 보여주는 구조와 주제가 유사하다고 해서 상호간에 문헌적 의존성을 주장할 수 없는 것은 두 문헌 모두 BC 2000년 기 저주 문헌의 구조와 주제를 반영하고, 고대 중동의 필사가들의 저작 기법을 반영하기 때문이다. VTE 저주와 신명기 언약 저주에 나타난 저주의 개념은 소수를 제외한 나머지는 완전히 다르다. 후자의 저자가 전자를 번역했을 것이라는 주장은 타당하지 않은 것은 고대중동의 필사가들의 원문의 의미를 왜곡해서 번역하지 않았기 때문이다. VTE 저작 연대가 분명하다고 해서 신명기 28장을 동일한 연대로 보는 견해는 고대 중동의 필사가들의 저작기법에 비추어 볼 때 지지될 수 없다. BC 2000년 기와 1000년 기의 조약에 대한 연구는 신명기 28장 저작 연대 이해에 중요한 단서(端緖)를 제공할 것이다. The lists of ancient Middle East curses from the third coming down to the first millennium B. C. share the common structure and concepts. This characteristic of the lists of curses show the cultural distinction was not sharp distinguished from one to another countries. The circumstances of life, climate and ecology was almost same, and also the contents of curses reflect the peoples’ interests on the individual and national concerns, thus the concepts of curses are corresponding. The view on the similar curses between the curse of VTE and covenant curses of Dt 28 indicate that the former influenced on the latter is widely accepted in the Old Testament scholarly world. But the similar structure and concepts existed in the two literature do not support an literary interdependence from one to another. These literature both reveal the structure and the concepts of curses from the second millennium B. C. and the same method of working on curses used the ancient middle East scribes. Except for a few concepts of curses between VTE and Dt 28, others are completely different. A view that the writer of the latter translated the former is not convincing at all, since the ancient scribes did not translate, violating the meaning of the original. An attempt to date Dt 28 according to that of VTE is not sustained in the light of the way of writing used ancient scribes. A study of the treaties from the second down to the first millennium B. C. will provide a key understanding in relation to the date of the writing of Dt 28.