베이비붐 세대의 귀농: 향수 너머의 현실과 활성화 방안 탐색

김원동(Won Dong Kim) 한국농촌사회학회 2015 農村社會 Vol.25 No.2

이 연구의 목적은 강원도 홍천군 베이비붐 세대 귀농인들에 대한 심층면접을 토대로 이들의 귀농에 영향을 미치는 개인적·사회적 요인들과 현실을 확인해 보고,귀농 활성화 방안을 탐색해 보는데 있다. 특히, 베이비붐 세대의 귀농에 있어 향수가 갖는 의미와 영향 및 한계에 주목하고자 했다. 주요 연구 결과를 정리해 보면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 2012년 이후 한국의 귀농인 중 가장 숫자가 많은 집단은 베이비붐 세대이다. 둘째, 베이비붐 세대의 귀농에는 향수가 일정한 영향을 준 것으로 나타났다. 이는 이들 중 다수가 농촌의 정서를 직접 또는 간접적으로 체험하며 성장했기 때문 인것으로 보인다. 그럼에도 불구하고 베이비붐 세대의 귀농에 대한 향수의 설명력은 제한적인 것으로 드러났다. 셋째, 베이비붐 세대의 귀농에는 향수 외에도 아내의 귀농의사, 귀농 희망인의 경제적 여력, 농업의 생계기반으로서의 취약성, 농촌의 척박한 정주여건 등과 같은 개인적·사회적 요인들이 영향을 준 것으로 확인되었다. 넷째, 이러한 여러 요인들의 제약으로 인해 베이비붐 세대의 상당수는 귀농 의사나 향수를 갖고 있는 경우에도 귀농을 실행할 수 없는 게 현실이다. 그리고 이것이 최근의 귀농 정체 현상을 야기해 온 중요한 요인 중 하나인 듯하다. 다섯째, 베이비붐 세대의 귀농을 활성화하기 위한 정책의 초점은 무엇보다도 이들의 귀농을 가로막고 있는 사회구조적 요인들을 구체적으로 적출해 내고, 이를 지속적으로 개선해 가는데 맞추어져야 한다. This paper aims to rightly identify individual and social factors influencing urban-to-farm migration of the baby-boom generation, and so to find out ways to revitalize such a migration. To achieve these goals, in-depth interviews on the urban-to-farm migrants in Hongcheon-gun in Gangwon-do had been conducted. In especial, we tried to pay attention to effects of nostalgia on the urban-to-farm migration of this generation. The major results in the study are as follows. Firstly, the baby-boom generation has become a majority group of the urban-to-farm migrants since 2012 in Korea. Secondly, it was found that nostalgia had played some role in the urban-to-farm migration of the baby-boom generation, because this generation had grown up with certain experiences or emotions of farming villages. Nevertheless, it was found out that effect of nostalgia on the urban-to-farm migration of the baby-boom generation was surely limited. Thirdly, there were several individual and social factors exerting influence on the urban-to-farm migration of the baby-boom generation, which were wife’s willingness to support the urban-to-farm migration, financial wherewithal to return to farming, structural vulnerability of Korean agriculture as means of living, poor settlement environments in rural village and so on. Fourthly, it’s their real situations that a considerable number of the baby-boom generation could not try to turn to farming because of these restrictions, even if they wanted to do that. It seems that this has also been an important factor causing a stagnation in the urban-to-farm migration. Fifthly, it is necessary for people hoping for the urban-to-farm migration to throughly prepare for it as well, if the urban-to-farm migration can be revitalized. However, more importantly, it is to concretely find out social structural factors impeding the urban-to-farm migration and to continue to improve those at the policy level.

A Study on Necessity of an Introduction to Urban Agriculture System in Vietnam

Chieu Anh, Long(안롱),Pan, Young Hwan(반영환) 한국디자인문화학회 2020 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.26 No.4

전 세계의 많은 도시 도시들은 도시 녹지를 개선하고 도시 농업을 촉진함으로써 지속가능성을 높이기 위한 해결책을 모색하고 있다. 베트남은 도시농업을 활성화하려는 국가이기도 하다. 농업 국가로서, 그러나 요즘 대도시에서는 점점 더 붐비고, 도시 주변의 농장들은 점차 건물들로 대체되고 있다. 따라서, 식량생산과 도시의 결합은 유망한 잠재력을 제공한다. 기술 발달로 도시농업은 점차 그 가치를 형성하여 개방된 옥상농장, 옥상온실, 실내농장 등 세계 여러 나라에서 인기를 얻고 있다. 베트남에서는 대부분의 사람들이 농업에 대해 매우 염려하고 있지만, 가장 큰 어려움은 경작해야 할 농장이다. 건물 옥상에서의 도시농업의 적용은 도시의 도시녹화 개선뿐만 아니라 사람들의 요구를 해결하는 데 기여할 것을 약속한다. 본 연구는 도시인들의 요구를 바탕으로 베트남 도시농업에 대한 실질적인 연구를 실시하는 것을 목표로 하고 있다. 거기서 도시 옥상에서의 도시농업을 베트남 환경에 적합한 방식으로 적용하는 방법을 제안한다. Many urban cities around the world are trying to promote solutions to enhance sustainability by improving urban greenery and promoting urban agriculture. In which Vietnam is also a country that is trying to boost urban agriculture. As an agricultural country, but nowadays in big cities becoming more and more crowded, farms around the city are gradually being replaced by buildings. Thus, the reconnection of food production and cities offers promising potential. With the strong development of technology, urban farming is gradually shaping its value and becoming popular in many countries around the world, including open rooftop farms, rooftop greenhouses, and indoor farming. In Vietnam, most people are very concerned about agriculture, but the biggest difficulty is the farm to cultivate. The application of urban farming at the rooftop of buildings promises to contribute to addressing people’s needs as well as improving urban greenery for the city. This study aims to conduct a practical study of urban farming in Vietnam based on the needs of urban people. From there, propose the method of applying urban farming on rooftops in the city in a way that is suitable for the Vietnamese environment.

도시농업 운영의 인식과 만족도에 관한 연구

김혜란,박율진,소은주,박병모 (사)한국정원디자인학회 2018 한국정원디자인학회지 Vol.4 No.2

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the perception and satisfaction of the urban farming management. For this purpose, a survey was conducted to understand the perception and satisfaction of the urban agricultural management and the participants consisted of experts and general public of urban farming. In the survey, perceptions of the two groups were compared to explore ways of promoting and vitalizing urban agriculture in the future. The results of the study could be summed up as follows: Expert group became aware of urban agriculture through education and expended about 30 minutes to one hour per week for farming. The size of their garden farm is larger than 20 square meters, which is bigger than the average size of 10 square meters of general people. It was also known from the survey that experts mostly utilize their private garden farm and that the higher their education level is, the more they prefer the farm garden which is offered for sale by public organizations. As for preference to urban agriculture, the school farm of education-at-school type was most highly preferred in ratio. Dong-gwan Lee (2013) asserted that the mostly preferred activities include participating in urban agricultural education programs, planting and farming in urban areas to improve landscape. He also argued that the benefits of improving children's eating habits and children's learning nature through eco-friendly agricultural products could lead to increased interest of the parents in the urban agriculture and higher satisfaction. 본 연구는 도시농업 운영의 인식과 만족도에 관한 연구로서 도시농업전문가와 도시농업에 참여하고 있는 일반인을 대상으로 현재 운영 중인 도시농업 운영에 대한 인식과 만족도에 대한 조사를 실시하여, 두 집단의 인식차이 비교를 통해 향후 도시농업의 추진방향 및 활성화에 대한 방법을 모색하고자 실시하였으며, 결과는 다음과 같다. 전문가 집단의 도시농업에 대한 선호사항은 스쿨팜과 같은 학교교육형 텃밭에 대한 선호도가 높은 비율로 나타났다. 이에 도시농업의 인식 및 만족도에서 조사와 일치한다. 하지만, 스쿨팜(School fram)이나 학교교육형 텃밭이 도시농업활성화의 큰 역할을 하게 되는데, 그보다 그린 스쿨이 되어 미세먼지와 교실내공기질이 개선되는 것이 먼저 우선되어야 할 것이라고 판단된다.

베트남 도시 농업 시스템 도입의 필요성에 관한 연구

안롱,반영환 한국디자인문화학회 2020 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.26 No.4

전 세계의 많은 도시 도시들은 도시 녹지를 개선하고 도시 농업을 촉진함으로써 지속가능성을 높이기위한 해결책을 모색하고 있다. 베트남은 도시농업을활성화하려는 국가이기도 하다. 농업 국가로서, 그러나 요즘 대도시에서는 점점 더 붐비고, 도시 주변의농장들은 점차 건물들로 대체되고 있다. 따라서, 식량생산과 도시의 결합은 유망한 잠재력을 제공한다. 기술 발달로 도시농업은 점차 그 가치를 형성하여 개방된 옥상농장, 옥상온실, 실내농장 등 세계 여러 나라에서 인기를 얻고 있다. 베트남에서는 대부분의 사람들이 농업에 대해 매우 염려하고 있지만, 가장 큰 어려움은 경작해야 할 농장이다. 건물 옥상에서의 도시농업의 적용은 도시의 도시녹화 개선뿐만 아니라 사람들의 요구를 해결하는 데 기여할 것을 약속한다. 본연구는 도시인들의 요구를 바탕으로 베트남 도시농업에 대한 실질적인 연구를 실시하는 것을 목표로 하고있다. 거기서 도시 옥상에서의 도시농업을 베트남 환경에 적합한 방식으로 적용하는 방법을 제안한다. Many urban cities around the world are trying to promote solutions to enhance sustainability by improving urban greenery and promoting urban agriculture. In which Vietnam is also a country that is trying to boost urban agriculture. As an agricultural country, but nowadays in big cities becoming more and more crowded, farms around the city are gradually being replaced by buildings. Thus, the reconnection of food production and cities offers promising potential. With the strong development of technology, urban farming is gradually shaping its value and becoming popular in many countries around the world, including open rooftop farms, rooftop greenhouses, and indoor farming. In Vietnam, most people are very concerned about agriculture, but the biggest difficulty is the farm to cultivate. The application of urban farming at the rooftop of buildings promises to contribute to addressing people’s needs as well as improving urban greenery for the city. This study aims to conduct a practical study of urban farming in Vietnam based on the needs of urban people. From there, propose the method of applying urban farming on rooftops in the city in a way that is suitable for the Vietnamese environment.

도시농업의 영농실태와 존속 가능성 모색 : 전주시를 사례로

장동헌(Jang Dong-Heon) 한국지역사회학회 2007 지역사회연구 Vol.15 No.4

In general, urban agriculture refers to agricultural activities in urban and surrounding regions in a wider sense. Also, it encompasses agricultural activities carried out in farming regions close to large consumption areas, in productive greens of urban areas and by civic farms, etc. From this perspective, farming activities in urban regions hold extremely great significance because it serves the role to provide multilateral functions through agriculture including the basic activity of agricultural production. However, despite the positive functions of urban agriculture, farming activities in urban regions are facing difficulties, such as conflict with urban residents and problems associated with safety of agricultural produces, farming water and agricultural labor course, etc. in the process of urbanization. Against such realities, this study intended to examine possibility of urban agriculture continuation in the future through analyzing status of agricultural activities carried out by farmers in urban regions. Also, on the basis of the findings, this study places significance in providing basic data to realize ecologically oriented urban agriculture. In particular, by examining the roles of agriculture in urban regions once again, this study intended to discuss such issues as establishment of new relationship between urban regions and agriculture, increase of added values through expansion of the fields of agriculture and roles of agriculture in relations to urban ecology, etc.

2018 귀농⋅귀촌박람회의 온라인 뉴스와 SNS 토픽 연구

하지영,이승현,김덕현 한국식품유통학회 2018 食品流通硏究 Vol.35 No.4

This study attempts to collect and analyze online reviews of audience visiting ‘Urban rural migration & Urban rural migration for farming’ exposition to verify the outcomes, and collect and analyze online news articles as well about the hosting performance of ‘Urban rural migration & Urban rural migration for farming’ expositions to comparatively analyze the responses of media and visitors. For this, LDA-based topic analysis was conducted for ‘2018 Korea Urban rural migration & Urban rural migration for farming Exposition’. In the results of analysis, with regard to the same issue, ‘2018 Korea Urban rural migration & Urban rural migration for farming Exposition’, news articles expose the publicity to the citizens as a major performance, but in the case of SNS, as the regional autonomous governments, youth, policies, education, technical information and experiences, etc. appeared as the main key words, the visitors are found to be interested in actual information of the ‘Urban rural migration & Urban rural migration for farming’.

귀농·귀촌 정책 담론에 나타난 농촌성 표상 과정

진양명숙(Myong Suk Jinyang) 한국농촌사회학회 2015 農村社會 Vol.25 No.1

이 연구는 사회적 구성주의 접근을 통해 귀농·귀촌 정책 담론에 나타난 농촌성을 살펴보고 있다. 필자는 귀농·귀촌 정책을 하나의 텍스트 담론으로 접근하여, 농촌성 표상의 양상을 세 가지 차원에서 살펴보았다. 첫째, 귀농정책에서 귀농·귀촌정책으로의 선회는 농촌의 의미를 확장하는 데 영향을 미치고 있다. 둘째, 농업·농촌에 관한 정보를 제공하기 위해 소개되는 귀농·귀촌 사례들은 농촌을 끊임없이 ‘낭만의 공간’으로 그려내고 있다. 셋째, 도시민에게 농촌을 홍보하기 위해 활용되는 지역과 마을의 장소 자산은 매력물로서의 농촌성을 표상하는 장치이다. 이 연구는 농촌성이 구성되고 배치되는 과정에서 특정 경험과 자원이 어떻게 주조되는지를 보여준다. 귀농·귀촌 정책은 농촌에 대한 특정 상징과 이미지를 만들어 유포한다는 점에서 이데올로기적 효과를 지닌다. This paper analyzes the rurality represented in policy discourses on urban-to-farm(agricultural, gwinong) and urban-to-rural (non-agricultural, gwichon) migration in terms of social constructionism. In this paper, I examine three aspects of the representation of rurality through textual discourses on urban-to-farm and urban-to-rural migration policy. First, I look at the transition from a policy that focused on urban-to-farm migration to one that covers urban-to-rural as well as urban-to-farm and it`s influence on the expansion of the meaning of rural spaces. The second part looks at how the examples of rural migration used to inform urban dwellers about rural life and farm work depict the countryside as a romantic and idyllic space. In the third section I explore how the place assets utilized to promote rural life to urban dwellers represent rurality as appealing spaces. Through this analysis, the study reveals how particular experiences and resources are articulated within the process of construction and arrangement of rurality. Urban-to-farm and urban-to-rural migration policy has ideological effects through the dissemination of particular symbols and images of the countryside.

도시농업 활성화를 위한 도시농지 확보방안 연구

이병준(Lee, Byung-Joon) 한국도시행정학회 2012 도시 행정 학보 Vol.25 No.4

The purpose of this study is to propose a way to secure and utilize farmland for vitalizing urban agriculture. Analyses of the change in farmland of the metropolitan area showed continuous loss of the farmland. To promote the urban agriculture and maintain the urban farmland, it is needed to set up the institutional mechanism and to provide incentives which encourage farmers to continue the farming activity. This study suggests following institutional improvements for urban farmland conservation. First, It is necessary to establish ‘urban agriculture district’ inside the metropolitan area and to accept the urban farmland as urban planning facilities. Second, it is necessary to limit strictly the conversion of fertile farmland and to strengthen restitution of development gains in the farmland preservation charge. Third suggestion is to establish the urban agriculture farm and to reform the system to enable lease and loan of the farmland in the private urban agriculture farm. Fourth, inside the Greenbelt area, it is necessary to restrain strictly farmland reduction and to block thoroughly farmland damage caused by the illegal activity. Fifth, it is necessary to expand the condition of reduction and exemption for capital gains tax on urban farmland, also enforce the transfer of development right(TDR) to strengthen the loss compensation according to farmland regulation. Sixth, it is necessary to ease the regulation on scale of the farmland registration document to enhance urban farmland management(from 1,000㎡ to 660㎡). Seventh, it is required to investigate the possible area for urban agriculture and to make database, and for the practical use of urban farmland, ‘landshare’ method is recommended. Lastly, the systematic cooperation and division of roles among the central government, local government and the civil society, should be established.

Economic and environmental sustainability and public perceptions of rooftop farm versus extensive garden

Kim, Euna,Jung, Jihyeun,Hapsari, Gita,Kang, Seju,Kim, Kibeum,Yoon, Saerom,Lee, Miran,Han, Mooyoung,Choi, Yongju,Choe, Jong Kwon Elsevier 2018 Building and environment Vol.146 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Green roofs have become popular in urban areas as a solution to restore green space in cities and mitigate urban problems. In this study, the economic and environmental sustainability of using green roofs for rooftop agriculture (i.e., roof farms) is evaluated and compared with that of using green roofs as extensive gardens of flowers and non-edible plants with low maintenance (i.e., roof gardens) based on these two green roofs that were installed and operated for over five years in a university building in Seoul, Korea. The life cycle cost analysis results show that the total cost of the roof garden is 38.9% lower than the flat roof whereas the total cost of the roof farm is 68.3% higher than the roof garden. The environmental impacts of both the roof garden and farm were 2.4–35 times as high as those of the flat roof. The need to frequently replenish the lightweight soil over its lifetime was the main contributor to both the economic cost and environmental impacts of the roof farm, suggesting a need to develop cost-effective and environmentally benign lightweight soil materials. A survey was also conducted to investigate public preferences and perceptions of these two green roof options. Over 80% of the respondents expressed the necessity for green roofs in urban areas, and 79.3% preferred roof gardens over farms. Our results show that roof farms have several merits in urban areas, especially social benefits, but future research should focus on improving their economic and environmental sustainability.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Use of green roofs as rooftop farm versus extensive garden is evaluated. </LI> <LI> The life cycle cost of roof garden is lower than flat roof, but roof farm was higher. </LI> <LI> Lightweight soil is the main economic and environmental contributor of roof farm. </LI> <LI> A survey study showed that 79.3% of respondents preferred roof gardens over farms. </LI> <LI> Economic and environmental sustainability of roof farms should be further improved. </LI> </UL> </P> <P><B>Graphical abstract</B></P> <P>[DISPLAY OMISSION]</P>

Awareness of Daegu Citizens on Urban Agriculture

Boong Hoon Eom,Eun Jin Jang 한국인간·식물·환경학회 2016 인간식물환경학회지 Vol.19 No.6

The purpose of this study was to investigate the awareness of Daegu citizens on urban agriculture. A questionnaire was conducted for 15 days from May 9, to May 25, 2015, and a sample group consisting of 328 residents of Daegu. The cognitions of awareness to effects and preferences of urban agriculture were analyzed. The cognition level of urban agriculture is in a very low state, the level of satisfaction in experienced groups were high. In addition, intentions of participation in the future were very high. The potential capability of urban agriculture is very strong. In motivation and purpose of urban agriculture activities, such as ‘Hobby and leisure activities’, ‘Safe food production’ were shown as high frequency. In cognition towards the effects of urban agricultural activity, ‘Safe agricultural products’, and ‘Change in dietary life’ were shown to be in high points of agreement. Furthermore, in preferences of the type and activities, ‘Rooftop garden’, ‘Learning/education type home garden’, ‘Home garden utilizing the pieces of small land’, ‘Box home garden’, and ‘Personal weekend farm’ were shown to be highly preferred types. Within the effects of urban agriculture, 4 factors were categorized; ‘Negative effects of urban agriculture’, ‘Positive effects of urban agriculture’, ‘Environmental Improving effects’, and ‘Benefits effects’. In addition, 3 factors are prevalent in type and activities of urban agriculture, ‘Participations of experiencing/education programs’, ‘Cultivation of rental home gardens’, and ‘Lifestyle home garden type’. Conclusively, although the situation of urban agriculture is in the beginning stages, the potential capability of urban agriculture is great. In the future, diverse types of hardware and software programs, such as diverse education/experiencing programs and information supporting programs, will both be required for development