기혼여성의 결혼 및 출산시기 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인에 관한 연구

박다은 ( Da Eun Park ),유계숙 ( Gye Sook Yoo ) 한국가족복지학회 2011 한국가족복지학 Vol.16 No.2

본 연구는 기혼여성의 결혼 및 첫째자녀와 둘째자녀 출산시기 결정에 영향을 미치는 요인이 무엇인지 파악하고, 이러한 요인이 인구사회학적 특징에 따라 어떠한 차이를 나타내는지 살펴보았다. 연구대상은 서울·경기도에 거주하며 2006-2009년 사이에 결혼(초혼)이나 한명 이상의 자녀출산을 경험한 기혼여성 393명이며, 분석을 위해 연구대상을 ``결혼집단``, ``첫째자녀 출산집단``, ``둘째자녀 출산집단``으로 구분하였다. 분석방법으로 주성분분석과 t-test, One way ANOVA를 실시하였으며, 주요 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 먼저, 조혼요인과 첫째자녀 출산지연 요인은 각각 5개의 하위요인이 도출되었고, 만혼요인과 첫째자녀 조기출산요인, 둘째자녀 출산지연요인 및 조기출산요인은 각각 6개의 하위요인이 도출되었다. 이 중, 만혼요인은 부인학력, 남편학력, 가구소득에 따라, 조혼요인은 결혼시기에 따라 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 다음으로 첫째자녀 출산지연요인은 가구소득, 결혼시기, 첫째자녀 출산시기, 결혼전후 경력단절여부에 따라, 첫째자녀 조기출산요인은 초혼시기, 첫째자녀 출산시기, 결혼전후 경력단절여부에 따라 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 마지막으로, 둘째자녀 출산지연요인은 부인 학력, 남편 학력, 가구소득, 결혼시기, 첫째자녀 출산시기, 둘째자녀 출산시기에 따라, 둘째자녀 조기출산요인은 남편 학력, 가구소득, 초혼시기, 첫째자녀 출산시기, 둘째자녀 출산시기에 따라 유의미한 차이가 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 여성의 결혼 및 자녀출산시기를 앞당기기 위한 정책적 방안을 모색하는데 유용한 시사점을 제공할 것이다. The purpose of this study was to identify the delaying and advancing factors of marriage and fertility timing among married women living in Seoul and Gyeonggi-do. We also examined sociodemographic differences in the levels of those factors. Data were collected from 393 married women who were first married or gave birth to more than one child between 2006 and 2009. The sampling procedure was designed to obtain comparisons between delaying and advancing groups of their marriage, first, and second childbirth timing. The major findings of this study were as follows: The principal component analyses extracted 5 advancing factors of marriage timing and 5 delaying factors of first childbirth timing. This study also found 6 respective factors of delaying marriage timing, advancing first childbirth timing, and both of delaying and advancing second childbirth timing. The results of the analysis of sociodemographic differences in the levels of the extracted factors were as follows: There were significant differences in the levels of the delaying factors of advancing groups of the marriage significantly differed in their levels of the advancing factors of the marriage timing. The results also showed significant differences in the levels of the delaying and advancing factors of first childbirth timing according to respondents` family income and the timing of marriage and first childbirth. Finally, there were significant differences in the levels of the delaying and advancing factors of second childbirth timing according to the educational levels of husbands, family income, and women`s marriage, first, and second childbirth timing. These results are discussed in relation to the implications of policies in response to low fertility.

한국어 교사가 인식한 비대면 실시간 온라인 수업에서의 수업 저해 요인 연구

김주은 국제한국어교육학회 2022 한국어 교육 Vol.33 No.4

This study began with the question of what is perceived by teachers in non-face-to-face real-time online Korean classes as hindering factors. In addition to that, this study explored how teachers depend on the teacher’s teaching experience when they recognize the hindering factors and what is the difference between highly experienced teachers and novice teachers. Therefore the questions of this study are summarized as follows:First, what are the classroom hindering factors perceived by Korean teachers in non-face-to-face real-time online Korean classes?Second, what is the difference in the factors that the teacher recognized according to the experience of teaching Korean?In order to examine this study, the data was based on in-depth interviews conducted with six Korean teachers. They recognized the hindering factors that interfere with the class by dividing them into three. The factors were related to the class environment, learners, and teachers. They explained the class cases in detail. The difference in the perception between highly experienced teachers and novice teachers about classroom hindering factors was mainly found in environmental factors and learner factors. (Yonsei University) This study began with the question of what is perceived by teachers in non-face-to-face real-time online Korean classes as hindering factors. In addition to that, this study explored how teachers depend on the teacher’s teaching experience when they recognize the hindering factors and what is the difference between highly experienced teachers and novice teachers. Therefore the questions of this study are summarized as follows:First, what are the classroom hindering factors perceived by Korean teachers in non-face-to-face real-time online Korean classes?Second, what is the difference in the factors that the teacher recognized according to the experience of teaching Korean?In order to examine this study, the data was based on in-depth interviews conducted with six Korean teachers. They recognized the hindering factors that interfere with the class by dividing them into three. The factors were related to the class environment, learners, and teachers. They explained the class cases in detail. The difference in the perception between highly experienced teachers and novice teachers about classroom hindering factors was mainly found in environmental factors and learner factors.

잠재프로파일(LPA)분석을 활용한 노인의 생활시간 유형의 영향요인과 유형에 따른 생활만족도

남석인(Seok In Nam),채주석(Joosuk Chae),원해솔(Hae Sol Won),이주영(Ju Young Lee) 한국노년학회 2020 한국노년학 Vol.40 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 한국 노인의 생활시간 사용을 유형화하여 유형별 영향요인과 차이를확인하고 각 유형이 생활만족도에미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 이를위해 국민노후보장패널 6차 자료를활용하 여 65세 이상 노인 3,963명을 대상으로 잠재프로파일분석을 실시하였다. 생활시간 유형 분류 결과 한국 노인의 생활시간 활용은 기초생활유지형(16%), 여가자유중심형(26%), 사회활동형(58%)의 3가지로 유형화 되었다. 각 유형별 영향요인 파악을 위한 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 기초생활유지형 대비 여가자유중심형의주요 영향요인은 배우자의 유무(p<.01), 심리적 건강상태(p<.001)로 나타났고, 사회활동형의 주요 영향요인은 연령(p<.05), 경제적 활동(p<.001), 만성질환(p<.001)으로 나타났다. 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 종합적으로 분석한 결과, 기초생활유지형에 비해 여가자유중심형과 사회활동형의 생활만족도가 더 높게 나타났다. 연구결과를바탕으로 기초생활유지형으로 시간을 활용하고 있는 노인의시간사용 유형 변화를추구하여 노년기 생활만족도를제고하기 위한 실천적 정책적 제언을 제시하였다. This study aims to categorize the daily time use of older adults into different types, examine the factors influencing them and the differences between them by type, and verify the effect of each type on life satisfaction. From the 6th wave of the Korea Retirement and Income Study (KeRIS), analysis was conducted on 3,963 older adults aged 65 (n=3,963). Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), three types of daily time use for older adults were identified: basic life maintenance type (16%), free-leisure oriented type (26%), and social activity type (58%). From the results of multinomial logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing each type of daily time use, it was found that the main factors influencing free-leisure oriented type, when compared with basic life maintenance type, were the presence of spouse (p<.01) and psychological health status (p<.001). The main factors influencing social activity type, when compared with basic life maintenance type, were age (p<.05), economic activity (p<.001), and chronic disease (p<.001). The life satisfaction seen during free-leisure oriented time and social activity time was higher than that during basic life maintenance time. From these findings, practical and policy proposals were suggested to improve life satisfaction of older adults during basic life maintenance time by pursuing changes in the use of that time.

잠재프로파일(LPA)분석을 활용한 노인의 생활시간 유형의 영향요인과 유형에 따른 생활만족도

남석인,채주석,원해솔,이주영 한국노년학회 2020 한국노년학 Vol.40 No.4

This study aims to categorize the daily time use of older adults into different types, examine the factors influencing them and the differences between them by type, and verify the effect of each type on life satisfaction. From the 6th wave of the Korea Retirement and Income Study (KeRIS), analysis was conducted on 3,963 older adults aged 65 (n=3,963). Using Latent Profile Analysis (LPA), three types of daily time use for older adults were identified: basic life maintenance type (16%), free-leisure oriented type (26%), and social activity type (58%). From the results of multinomial logistic regression analysis to identify the factors influencing each type of daily time use, it was found that the main factors influencing free-leisure oriented type, when compared with basic life maintenance type, were the presence of spouse (p<.01) and psychological health status (p<.001). The main factors influencing social activity type, when compared with basic life maintenance type, were age (p<.05), economic activity (p<.001), and chronic disease (p<.001). The life satisfaction seen during free-leisure oriented time and social activity time was higher than that during basic life maintenance time. From these findings, practical and policy proposals were suggested to improve life satisfaction of older adults during basic life maintenance time by pursuing changes in the use of that time. 본 연구의 목적은 한국 노인의 생활시간 사용을 유형화하여 유형별 영향요인과 차이를확인하고 각 유형이 생활만족도에미치는 영향을 파악하는 것이다. 이를위해 국민노후보장패널 6차 자료를활용하 여 65세 이상 노인 3,963명을 대상으로 잠재프로파일분석을 실시하였다. 생활시간 유형 분류 결과 한국 노인의 생활시간 활용은 기초생활유지형(16%), 여가자유중심형(26%), 사회활동형(58%)의 3가지로 유형화 되었다. 각 유형별 영향요인 파악을 위한 다항 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과 기초생활유지형 대비 여가자유중심형의주요 영향요인은 배우자의 유무(p<.01), 심리적 건강상태(p<.001)로 나타났고, 사회활동형의 주요 영향요인은 연령(p<.05), 경제적 활동(p<.001), 만성질환(p<.001)으로 나타났다. 생활만족도에 영향을 미치는 요인을 종합적으로 분석한 결과, 기초생활유지형에 비해 여가자유중심형과 사회활동형의 생활만족도가 더 높게 나타났다. 연구결과를바탕으로 기초생활유지형으로 시간을 활용하고 있는 노인의시간사용 유형 변화를추구하여 노년기 생활만족도를제고하기 위한 실천적 정책적 제언을 제시하였다.

ST분절 상승 심근경색 환자의 일차적 관동맥중재술까지 시간 지연 인자

김정애 ( Jeong Ai Kim ),정진옥 ( Jin Ok Jeong ),안계택 ( Kye Taek Ahn ),박형서 ( Hyung Seo Park ),장원일 ( Won Il Jang ),김민수 ( Min Soo Kim ),짐준형 ( Jun Hyung Kim ),박재형 ( Jae Hyeong Park ),이재환 ( Jae Hwan Lee ),최시완 ( S 대한내과학회 2010 대한내과학회지 Vol.78 No.5

Background/Aims: The time delay for a patient from the onset of disease symptoms until the reperfusion therapy is one of the biggest interruptions in early reperfusion therapy in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Here, we evaluated both the duration and nature of these time delays to facilitate early patient reperfusion therapy. Methods: Patients with acute STEMI who were undergoing primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) were prospectively enrolled in the Chungnam National University Hospital from January 2005 to December 2007. Results: From a total 364 patients (mean age: 64±12 years) the mean time interval from the onset of symptoms to the decision to visit a hospital was 101.4±10.6 (median: 50.0) minutes. The mean time interval for the onset of disease symptoms to the patient arrival at the emergency room (ER) (pre-hospital delay) was 222.1±12.4 (median: 171.5) minutes. The mean time interval from the ER to reperfusion (door to balloon time) was 89.0±6.0 (median 65.0) minutes. The mean time interval from the onset of symptoms to successful reperfusion therapy (pain to balloon time) was 311±13.6 (median: 250) minutes. The factors associated with these significant time delays were mainly: residency in rural areas, the use of private transport in preference to an ambulance and finally the transferal of patients from other hospitals. As a result of multivariate analysis the latter was found to be the most significant causative factor. Conclusions: This study demonstrates that there is a significant pre-hospital time delay in patients with STEMI. Thus, a media campaign explaining STEMI symptoms, the importance of early visits to the emergency department, the use of an ambulance, and the activation of the base hospital for efficient patient transfer (particularly in rural areas) may reduce this time delay in patients with STEMI and avoid interruptions to otherwise efficient reperfusion therapies. (Korean J Med 78:586-594, 2010)

조영증강검사 시 생체 요인을 이용한 조영제 peak time에 관한 연구

손순룡(Son, Soon-Yong),김윤신(Kim, Yoon-shin),최관우(Choi, Kwan-Woo),서성미(Seo, Sung-Mi),민정환(Min, Jung-Whan),유병규(Yoo, Beong-Gyu),이종석(Lee, Jong-Seok) 한국산학기술학회 2013 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.14 No.2

본 연구는 조영제 peak time에 영향을 주는 주된 생체 요인를 분석하여 검사에 적용함으로써 추가적인 조영 제 주입에 따른 부작용을 최소화 하고 고해상도의 혈관영상을 유지하는 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 시험적조영제주입 법을 이용한 48명의 환자를 대상으로, 검사 전과 검사 중 환자의 생체 요인을 측정한 후, 조영제 peak time과 상관관 계를 알아보고, 회귀식을 이용해 산출한 조영제 peak time이 측정된 조영제 peak time과 일치하는지 Bland-Altman plot를 통해 평가하였다. 연구결과, 검사 시 최저혈압과 심박동수가 조영제 peak time과 유의한 음의 상관관계를 보였 고, 1단계 증가할 때마다 평균적으로 조영제 peak time은 -0.018과 -0.159로 유의하게 감소하였으며, 일치도가 상당히 높아 두 방법의 차이가 없음을 알 수 있다. 결론적으로 본 연구의 회귀식을 이용하면 우수한 화질을 유지하면서 환자 에게 투여되는 조영제 사용량을 줄일 수 있어 기존의 방법을 대체할 수 있으리라 사료된다. In this study was explored minimize side effects due to the additional injection of contrast medium and maintaining a high resolution imaging applied to the inspection and analysis of the contrast medium that affect the peak time biomechanics factors. Included 48 patients using the test bolus method, after measuring a patient's biomechanics factors of inspection before and during the test, correlation between contrast medium peak time and learn, matches the regression equation calculated and measured contrast medium peak time was assessed by the Bland Altman plot. Research result, inspections of SBP, HR contrast medium peak time and a significant negative correlation was, step 1, every increase, the contrast medium peak time significantly to -0.018 and -0.159 decreased, a fairly high concordance no difference between the two method. In conclusion, the regression equation using the existing methods, while maintaining excellent image quality that contrast medium is reduced to a patient, it can conclude that the alternative to the existing methods.

韓國 株式市場에서 巨視要因은 有意한가?

朴埈用,李雨憲,南暢祐 한국경제학회 2002 經濟學硏究 Vol.50 No.4

본고는 한국의 주식시장에 영향을 미치는 것으로 거론되는 거의 모든 거시변수들의 변동의 대부분을 설명하는 몇 개의 주성분(principal component)을 추출한 후 이들이 한국 주식시장에 미치는 영향을 시계열 및 횡단면 상에서 Fama-French의 3요인과 비교분석하였다. 시계열 분석을 통해서 Fama-French 요인의 역할이 매우 크고 중요하지만 Fama-French 요인 그 중에서도 가장 중요한 역할을 하는 시장요인은 거시요인에 의해 상당부분 설명가능하다는 사실을 발견하였고, 횡단면 분석을 통해서 Fama-French 요인 중 규모요인(SMB)과 가치요인(HML)이 유의하며, 이들 요인 못지 않게 혹은 그 이상으로 거시요인이 통계적으로 유의하다는 사실을 발견하였다. We extract fourteen macroeconomic factors from forty macroeconomic time series, and compare the effects of macroeconomic factors on Korean stock market with those of Fama and French's three factors. Through time series regressions, we find that the explanatory power of Fama and French's three factors dominates those of macroeconomic factors. However, we also find that most of the explanatory power of the market factor, which provides the strongest explanatory power in time series regressions, can be explained by the macroeconomic factors. Through cross-section regressions, we find that the size factor (SMB) and the value factor (HML) are statistically significant pricing factors, and that macroeconomic factors are no less significant pricing factors than SMB and HML.

버스 통행시간 정교화 추정과 기종점 기반의 통행시간 절감편익 산정

심재엽,김익기,유한솔,한근수 대한교통학회 2021 대한교통학회지 Vol.39 No.3

The feasibility study for transportation facility such as trams and urban railways has been continuously utilized for decision making. Demand forecasting and benefit/cost analysis, which are the core of the feasibility study, have been usually analyzed with macroscopic and aggregated methods and data for simplicity due to the relatively big network size. However, transportation service attributes such as bus travel time have not been accurately observed and used in the feasibility study in South Korea. The bus travel time has been used as the same value of the auto travel time or multiplying the auto travel time by a unique factor overall a selected region. Therefore, in this study, we use the observed data such as navigation and smartcard data to apply realistic bus travel time in calculating the travel time-saving benefit. In order to reflect the difference in bus travel time by transportation environments, the study also suggests a method to use an adjustment factor for each OD pair differently rather than using a unique factor. To determine the required minimum number of samples of the navigation and smartcard data, the coefficient of variation (CV) and the variation ratio (VR) were analyzed before calculating a representative adjustment factor for each OD pair. The study concluded that the true value of the adjustment factors in the population data could be estimated within the statistical error range when they were calculated with 7 or more day’s data. This study performed a case study to see differences between the existing method and the proposed method in calculating travel time benefits. The case study showed that the difference in the amount of the benefit between the two methods could influence the decision making in the feasibility study. This means that the reliability of the analysis result can be improved if the data-based estimating bus travel time is realistically used. 대중교통 이용을 육성하기 위해 트램 및 도시철도 등 대규모 교통시설 투자정책의 타당성 분석은 지속적으로 분석되어 왔다. 타당성조사의 핵심인 수요예측 및 경제성분석은 규모가 큰 네트워크로 인해 거시적인 분석방법과 집계된 자료가 사용되었다. 그러나 타당성 분석 과정에서 버스 통행시간은 현실적으로 반영되지 못하고 있다. 그 동안 버스 통행시간은 도로 네트워크 분석 결과에 따라 승용차 통행시간과 동일하게 적용하여 편익을 산출하거나, 전국을 3개 권역으로 나누어 승용차 통행시간 대비 버스 통행시간의 비율인 보정계수 값으로 단순히 추정하여 교통수단선택 모형에 적용하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 현실적인 버스 통행시간 적용을 위해 내비게이션 및 교통카드 자료와 같은 실질적인 관측 자료를 활용한 편익 산출 방법을 제시한다. 또한 교통 환경에 따라 다른 버스통행시간의 차이를 반영하기 위하여 권역 간 및 권역 내의 고유한 값 대신 기종점 기반의 보정계수를 활용하는 방법을 제시한다. 보정계수 값을 추정하기 위한 최소 기준의 자료의 규모를 검증하기 위해 자료 집합화 규모에 따른 내비게이션 및 교통카드 자료의 변동계수와 변동비율을 분석하였다. 결과적으로 7일치 이상의 자료를 확보하여 보정계수 값을 추정할 경우 통계적 오차범위 내에서 모집단의 참값을 대표할 수 있을 것으로 판단하였다. 사례분석을 통해 기존 및 본 연구에서 제안한 분석 방법의 편익산출 결과를 비교해 본 결과, 편익 규모 차이가 타당성 분석의 의사결정에 영향을 줄 수 있을 정도의 규모로 산출되어 관측 자료에 기반한 버스 통행시간을 현실적으로 반영하여 신뢰성을 향상시키는 것이 중요함을 보여 주었다.

내과계 중환자실 입실 시간에 따른 급성 중증 환자의 예후

박태진,홍상범,임채만,고윤석 대한중환자의학회 2010 Acute and Critical Care Vol.25 No.2

Background: The initial management of acute critical patients is important. However, not all hospital facilities and staff are available during off-duty time. We determined the effects of intensive care unit (ICU) admission time on patient outcomes. Methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted in a 28-bed medical ICU in 1 tertiary university hospital. Patients who were admitted between 1 March 2009 and 31 August 2009 were divided according to the time of admission into the “duty time group” (9 AM-5 PM on weekdays) and the “off-duty time group” (5 PM? 9 AM on weekdays and at any time on weekends). The baseline characteristics and clinical outcomes were compared between these two groups. The primary endpoint of this study was hospital mortality; the secondary endpoints were ICU mortality and length of ICU stay, hospital length of stay, and mechanical ventilation time. Results: Two hundred eight (64.8%) of 321 enrolled patients were admitted during off-duty time. The baseline characteristics between the 2 groups were not significantly different. Hospital mortality was 37 (32.7%) in the “duty time group” and 82 (38.4%) in the “off-duty time group” (p=0.237). There were no significant differences in secondary endpoints between the two groups. Conclusions: Off-duty time admission to the ICU had no effect on hospital and ICU mortality, length of hospital and ICU stay, and mechanical ventilation time compared to duty time admission.

장비 설계 시 정비복잡도를 활용한 현실적인 초기 정비시간 및 정비도(MTTR) 예측방법

신상희(Sang-Hee Shin),이학재(Hak-Jae Lee),황성국(Seong-Guk Hwang),김무영(Moo-Young Kim),권기상(Ki-Sang Kwon) 한국산학기술학회 2019 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.20 No.9

최근 군수장비를 설계함에 있어 개발 초기부터 장비의 신뢰도, 정비도, 정비시간 등 운용 유지에 대한 많은 관심을 보이고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 사용자 및 개발자 모두 정비시간을 고려한 설계에 대한 중요성을 강조한다. 본 논문에서는 설계 초기에 기존 방식인 MIL–HDBK-470A에서 제공하는 표준 정비 시간이 아닌, 장비의 접근 복잡도등 현실적인 정비시간을 예측하는 것에 대한 구체적인 방법론을 연구하였으며, 정비 복잡도라는 척도를 사용하여 시간변환계수를 적용하였다. 또한, 해당 결과물을 이용하여 기 개발된 장비의 실측 정비시간과 시간변환계수가 적용된 지연시간을 반영한 현실적인 정비시간을 비교/검증하여, 해당 데이터의 신뢰성을 검증해 보았다. 향후 장비 설계 시 정비도 목표값 설정 및 정비도 산출을 위한 연구에서, 초기 실 장비에 대한 정비 시간을 측정하지 못하는 장비의 정비시간을 보다 현실적인 정비시간으로 반영하고, 연구 및 설계반영 활동 등을 통하여 정비시간을 단축하여, 운용 유지 비용 등을 줄일 수 있는 활동 등을 수행할 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Recently, in designing military equipment, considerable attention has been paid to maintaining operations, including reliability, maintenance, and maintenance time of equipment, from the early stages of development. Therefore, both users and developers stress the importance of design considering the maintenance time. This study evaluated the specific methodologies for predicting the realistic maintenance time, such as the access complexity of equipment, other than the standard maintenance time provided by the conventional method mil-hdbk-470a at the beginning of the design, and applied the time conversion factor using a measure of the maintenance complexity. In addition, the actual maintenance time reflecting the actual maintenance time of the developed equipment and the time-conversion factor applied was compared/verified to confirm the reliability of the data. In a study to set a target for repair and the repair of equipment design in the future, it is expected that the maintenance time of equipment that fails to measure the maintenance time for the initial actual equipment will be reflected as a more realistic time. Moreover, activities, such as research and design reflection activities, will be performed to reduce the maintenance time, operational maintenance cost, etc.