PBO/m-aramid 평직물과 SiC 섬유로 제조된 평직물의 3D 유한요소모델 생성 및 열보호 성능 시뮬레이션 연구

심지현,이종혁,지영주,유성훈,배진석 한국섬유공학회 2021 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.58 No.5

In this study, a 3D model of a PBO/m-aramid and SiC fabric was created in a virtual space to evaluate the thermal protection performance of each material used in firefighting suits, and a thermal protection performance simulation study was conducted with an aim to reduce the material development lead time and development cost. To compare the thermal protection performance of the PBO/m-aramid fiber woven fabric, which is the material used for the outer fabric of the existing fire-fighting clothing, and the SiC fiber woven fabric with different fabric densities (high, medium, and low density), a thermal protection performance analysis was conducted for each yarn model after creating the geometry of the fabric model and the finite element model using virtual engineering software. To analyze the thermal protection performance according to the density difference of the SiC fiber woven fabrics, three-dimensional (3D) models of the three types of fabrics with low, medium, and high densities were created. The thermal protection performance analysis compared the thermal protection performance against the radiation heat source exposure of the PBO/m-aramid woven fabrics and the SiC woven fabrics according to density as stated by the KS K ISO 6942 radiant heat protection test method, which is the concrete test standard. A comparison revealed that the thermal protection performance of the SiC material was superior to that of the PBO/m-aramid material, and the high-density woven SiC fabric exhibited the best thermal protection performance.

방열보호복의 중간층 원단 조직 구성 변화에 따른 열방호 성능평가 실험연구

노호성(Hoseung Ro),최돈묵(Donmook Choi) 한국방재학회 2024 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.24 No.4

본 연구는 고온 및 고열의 산업 및 화재현장으로 부터 인체를 보호하기 위한 방열보호복에 대한 열적방호성능평가를 다룬 ‘산업용 및 소방용 보호복 원단 개발 및 방염성능비교 연구’의 후속연구로써 추가적인 열적방호성능평가를 수행하여 종합적인 분석결론을 도출하였다. 원사조성이 상이한 12종의 원단(Base Fabric)을 대상으로 수행한 ISO 15025에 의한 방염성능 평가 외에 추가적인 열적성능평가로 복사열 방호성능(ISO 9151), 대류열 방호성능(ISO 6942), 복사열 + 대류열 방호성능(ISO 17492)에 선정하고 방열보호복의 열방호성능에 영향을 미치는 중요한 역할을 하는 중간층(Base Fabric)에 대해서 열전달지수(HTI: Heat Transfer Index)평가를 수행하였다. 분석결과 12종의 원단(Base Fabric) 중 대부분은 일정수준의 열적방호성능을 나타냈으나 일부 조성의 Base Fabric은 용융하여 열방호 성능을 가지지 못한 것으로 나타났다. This study is a follow-up to ‘Research on the Development of Fabrics for Industrial and Firefighting Protective Clothing and Comparison of Flame Retardant Performance,’ focusing on the thermal protection performance of clothing designed to protect the human body from high temperatures and heat in industrial settings and fire scenarios. In this study, additional thermal protection performance tests were conducted to provide a more comprehensive analysis. Aside from the flame-retardant performance evaluation conducted according to ISO 15025 on 12 base fabrics with different yarn compositions, the following thermal performance studies were carried out: radiant heat protection (ISO 9151), convective heat protection (ISO 6942), and combined radiant and convective heat protection (ISO 17492). The heat-transfer index of the intermediate layer, which plays a crucial role in the thermal protection performance of thermal clothing, was also assessed. The results indicated that although most of the 12 base fabrics offered a certain level of thermal protection, some of them melted and failed to provide adequate thermal protection.

Influence of Transport Properties of Laminated Membrane-fabric on Thermal Protective Performance Against Steam Hazard

Yun Su,Rui Li,Jie Yang,Chunhui Xiang,Guowen Song,Jun Li 한국섬유공학회 2019 Fibers and polymers Vol.20 No.11

The breathable fabric and membrane application in protective clothing designed for protection against flame,radiation, hot liquid and steam are vital in thermal protective performance and thermal comfort. Four kinds of laminatedmembrane-fabrics were selected to investigate the influence of configuration and properties of the fabric on thermalprotective performance under a pressurized steam hazard simulation. Surface morphology, water repellency, air permeability,water vapor permeability and other characteristics were evaluated to explore their impact on the mechanism of heat andmoisture transfer in laminated fabric. It is found that the configuration critically affects the thermal protective performance. The thickness, mass and moisture regain of laminated fabric exhibit different levels of positive correlation with thermalprotective performance of two configurations. Additionally, absorptive and porous membranes have different modes of watervapor transmission, while heat conduction and steam condensation in two kinds of membranes are both key influential factorsin producing skin burn under steam hazard. Therefore, effective protection against steam hazard is achieved by decreasing thepenetration and storage of steam within protective clothing.

소방관용 화학 보호복(재사용 및 제한용)의 성능비교에 관한 연구

박평규,남동근 한국위험물학회 2022 한국위험물학회지 Vol.10 No.1

The aim of this study was to compared the flame-retardant performance and thermal protection performance(TPP) for limited use and reusable chemical protective clothing(CPC). Lightweight flame-retardant CPC for industrial fields is composed of multi-layered thermoplastic polymer coating layers and aramid nonwoven fabric without a multi-layer barrier film. Therefore it’s very lightweight and better thickness than the woven fabric, but the tensile strength and thermal protection performance are very limited. It is expected that the composition of flame-retardant polymer coating, flame-retardant fabric and multilayer barrier film is more preferable than the fabric coated with flame-retardant polymer coating on aramid nonwoven fabric as firefighting CPC for heat protection performance. The current CPC for firefighting has a high weight of about 10 kg, which increased to the fatigue of firefighters.

특수 방화복 제품의 열방호성능 및 경량화 개선에 대한 연구

박평규 한국위험물학회 2024 한국위험물학회지 Vol.12 No.1

Firefighting mobile suit is thermally superior to activewear, but activewear is increased to thermal protection performance. However, it was showed that activewear melted and dripped, accelerating the degree of burns. It was confirmed that in order to lighten the heat barrier layer, bulking of low weight is necessary, and the 3D spacer fabric has a high weight, so the height of the pile yarn must be greatly increased. In the case of turnout gear, the thermal barrier layer was the highest in parts of weight and heat, and the outershell and moisture barrier were in that order, confirming that the felt layer and outershell are important for weight reduction. In particular, it was confirmed that when 80gsm aramid padding was used for the felt layer, it was similar to the currently used 150gsm felt and could be replaced. Comparison of the radiant heat performance of m-aramid turnout gear’s outershell showed that the function deteriorated starting from 40kW/㎡, while PBI, PBO, and p-aramid decreased rapidly starting from 30kW/㎡, and the color became darker due to carbonization of the outershell due to high radiant heat. As the heat flux density of m-aramid increased, the shrinkage was more severe than that of other outershell. As a result of a flash fire test(ISO 13506) on four types of turnout gear, the degree of second and third degree burns was 17.9% for m-aramid, 6.4% for p-aramid, 9.6% for PBI, and 13.0% for PBO, confirming poor reproducibility and reliability. In particular, it was confirmed that testing with an ensemble is suitable for a realistic real fire test.

축하중을 받는 내화피복 CFT기둥의 온도분포 특성

김해수,윤성기 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 2010 한국구조물진단유지관리공학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.4

화재발생시 콘크리트충전 강관(CFT)기둥은 강재의 표면이 고열에 직접 노출되기 때문에 강관의 내화피복에 따라 내화성능에서 많은 차이가 예상된다. 본 연구에서는 내화피복 CFT기둥의 온도분포특성을 파악하기 위하여 내화피복의 종류와 두께 및 내화시간을 변수로 하여 실험을 실시하였다. 실험결과 가열온도를 기준으로 내화성능은 내화뿜칠, 내화페인트, 무내화의 순으로 나타났다. 가열시간-위치별 온도분포는 콘크리트부분은 완만한 증가를 보이고 있으나, 강관외부표면에 도달하면 급격한 온도의 증가를 보이는 것으로 나타났다. When the fire occur, concrete filled steel tube(CFT) columns expected to form a much distinction in a fire resistance performance according to a kind of fire protection because the steel surface is directly exposed to high temperature. In this study, an experiment by three factors which were kind of fire protection, thickness of protection and time was performed to get the characteristics of temperature distribution types of CFT column with fire protection. As the result of this study, on a basis of heating temperature, spray protection was the most superior in a fire resistance performance, fireproof paint was next, and without fire protection was most inferior. In a heating time-location relationship, the temperature increased slowly on the surface of the concrete, but the temperature increased sharply on the surface of the steel.

대류와 복사 열원에 대한 특수방화복의 열보호 성능시험 비교

김해형,유승준,박평규,김영수,홍승태 한국화재소방학회 2017 한국화재소방학회논문지 Vol.31 No.2

The test methods using convection (flame) and radiation heat sources were compared to evaluate the thermal protectiveperformance of the firefighter’s protective clothing. In particular, the influence of the outer shell, mid-layer, and liningconstituting the firefighter’s protective clothing on the thermal protective performance was compared for convection andradiation heat sources. Tests for the thermal protective performance were carried out according to KS K ISO 9151(convection), KS K ISO 6942 (radiation), and KS K ISO 17492 (convection and radiation). When tested under the sameincident heat flux conditions (80 kW/m2), the heat transfer index (t12 and t24) for the radiation heat source was higher thanthat for the convection heat source. This means that radiation has a lesser effect than convection. For the convection heatsource, the lining had the greatest effect on the thermal protective performance, followed by the mid-layer and the outer shell. On the other hand, for the radiation heat source, the effect on the thermal protective performance was great in the order oflining, outer shell, and mid-layer. Convection and radiation have fundamentally different mechanisms of heat transfer, anddifferent heat sources can lead to different thermal protective performance results depending on the material composition. Therefore, to evaluate the thermal protective performance of the firefighter’s protective clothing, it is important to test not onlythe convection heat source, but also the radiation heat source. 소방용 특수방화복의 열보호 성능 평가를 위해 대류와 복사 열원을 이용한 시험방법을 비교하였다. 특히 특수방화복을 구성하는 겉감, 중간층, 안감이 각각 열보호 성능에 미치는 영향을 대류와 복사 열원에 대해 비교하였다. 대류 열원에 대한 열보호 성능시험은 KS K ISO 9151, 복사 열원에 대한 시험은 KS K ISO 6942 그리고 대류와 복사열원을 함께 사용하는 시험은 KS K ISO 17492의 방법에 따라 수행하였다. 같은 입사 열유속 조건(80 kW/m2)에서시험했을 때 대류 열원에 비해 복사 열원에 대한 열전달지수(t12, t24) 값이 보다 크게 나왔다. 이는 대류에 비해 복사에 의한 영향이 느리게 나타났음을 의미한다. 대류 열원에 대해서는 안감이 열보호 성능에 가장 크게 영향을 미쳤고이어서 중간층, 겉감 순서였다. 그러나 복사 열원에 대해서는 안감, 겉감, 중간층 순서로 열보호 성능에 미치는 영향이 컸다. 대류와 복사는 열전달 메카니즘이 근본적으로 다르며, 열원이 달라지면 재질 구성에 따라 열보호 성능 결과가 다르게 나올 수 있다. 따라서 특수방화복의 열보호 성능을 평가하기 위해서는 대류 열원 뿐만 아니라 복사 열원에대한 시험도 중요함을 확인하였다.

용접 보호복용 직물의 열과 수분 전달특성

하정은,전연희,안승국,Ha, Jung-Eun,Jeon, Youn-Hee,An, Seung-Kook 한국섬유공학회 2009 한국섬유공학회지 Vol.46 No.2

This study shows the thermal and moisture transfer properties of fabrics used in protective clothing for welders. The purpose of this study is to compare the performance of several fabrics used in protective clothing for welders by transfer test. The moisture transfer was affected by density and thickness of the materials. To improve emissions of water vapor, materials of lower density are suited for protective clothing. The air permeability was affected by coating agents. Silica coating has no effect on permeability of sample. On the other hand, aluminum coating has a bad influence on permeability. To improve air permeability, aluminum coated materials are not suited for protective clothing. Thermal characteristics of the materials were affected by density of the materials. Coated samples have high values of $Q_{max}$. $Q_{max}$ is warmth and coolness at instantaneous contact sense. If $Q_{max}$ shows high values, people feel cool skin sensation. The space of water and air makes the sample to have low values of heat transfer. To improve the effect of insulation, felt materials are suited for protective clothing. Felt materials are good heat blocker due to their high air contents.

수소제트화재에 대한 특수 방화복의 열 방호 성능시험 평가

윤웅기,박병직,김양균,강성욱,임옥근 한국수소및신에너지학회 2024 한국수소 및 신에너지학회논문집 Vol.35 No.3

In this study, Aimed to develop technology to ensure the safety of firefighters responding to hydrogen incidents and to review the performance of protective super absorbent polymer (SAP) that could help maintain the thermal protection performance of equipment with protective properties. Tests were conducted, including bench-scale and full-scale thermal exposure tests, to review the protective performance of SAP using firefighting garments commonly used by firefighters. The results showed that without SAP application, 2nd degree burn areas were measured at 9.4%, and 3rd degree burn areas at 7.7%. In contrast, when SAP was applied, the percentage of 2nd degree burn areas decreased to 7% on the lower body, and there was no temperature rise causing 3rd degree burns. Therefore, it is expected that by applying SAP to the outer surface of firefighter garments, even under temporarily high temperature conditions such as hydrogen jet flames, thermal damage to firefighters could be protected for a certain period.

탄성내열재 배합 환경에 따른 내열 성능 변화에 관한 연구

김남조(Namjo Kim),서상규(Sangkyu Seo),강윤구(Yoongoo Kang),고청아(Cheongah Go) 한국추진공학회 2019 한국추진공학회지 Vol.23 No.1

The thermal response of elastomeric insulators used as protection against high-temperature and high-pressure combustion gases varies depending on their composition and thermal environment conditions. In this paper, the thermal response characteristics of elastomeric insulators in different mixing environments were compared. Tests to determine thermal protection performance were carried out using a thermal protection rubber evaluation motor(TPREM), combustion gas velocities of 20 ㎧ and 100 ㎧ were tested at a chamber pressure of 1,000 psig. The pressure time curve of the chamber, the temperature time curve of the internal materials, the residual thickness and the thermal destruction depth of the test specimens were obtained. The results showed that the thermal protection performance of elastomeric insulators in different mixing environments was similar.