Balancing homogeneity and heterogeneity in design exploration by synthesizing novel design alternatives based on genetic algorithm and strategic styling decision

Hyun, Kyung Hoon,Lee, Ji-Hyun Elsevier 2018 ADVANCED ENGINEERING INFORMATICS Vol.38 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>Designers constantly and consistently draft and develop both general concepts and directions to identify the solution that best fits the styling objectives of the lead designer. Designers often confront design fixations that cognitively clash to explore different design combinations. As design teams explore the range of possible design spaces of a certain design strategy, there is an opportunity for computational approaches to improve the styling process. By implementing product appearance similarity and styling strategy in computational design synthesis, it is possible to discover combinations that would otherwise remain unexplored by human designers. Numerous studies on design synthesis have been conducted. However, there has been no focus on the morphological synthesis of designs with strategic styling decisions. Considering this, the proposed study develops a method to synthesize car styling based on product appearance similarity for effective design exploration in the concept generation phase. The similarities of products across different generations, product portfolios, and competitors’ products are calculated to evaluate the strategic styling decision. The results of the strategic styling decision are used to formulate a fitness function. Car styling is then synthesized with a genetic algorithm based on this fitness function to generate car styling in accordance with the target strategic styling decision. In this respect, designers can computationally synthesize novel design alternatives that consider both homogeneity (family look in design) and heterogeneity (design trend in the market) by pinpointing the desired design exploration area. Ultimately, the style synthesis methodology proposed in this research can help designers to utilize the gradual visualization of styling strategies for more effective and efficient managerial design decisions. To do this, we conduct five major tasks: first, car design data are collected for design synthesis; second, the product appearance similarity is calculated to measure the strategic styling decision; third, synthesis validation is conducted to test whether the proposed methodology can create outside-the-box designs; fourth, a genetic algorithm is used to synthesize car designs in consideration of the strategic styling decision; finally, a series of in-depth interviews with experts and validation experiments are conducted with in-house automobile designers to examine the impact of the proposed methodology. The results showed that designers can quantitatively measure and compare the styling strategies of each car brand, then implement design upgrades, while still maintaining that specific style. Correspondingly, computationally generated design alternatives improve the satisfaction in ease, time, objective reflection and novelty of design outcomes when formulating design strategies in the concept generation phase.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Integrates a framework for design exploration using styling strategy and genetic algorithm. </LI> <LI> Provides a suitable balance between homogeneity and heterogeneity of design. </LI> <LI> Provides basic functions for automatic design alternative generation in the early design stage. </LI> </UL> </P>

Interactive Space Launch Design Framework Development using Centralized Database Architecture

Thawdar Lwin(토우다 린),Jung-Il Shu(서정일),Jin-Wook Kim(김진욱),Jae-Woo Lee(이재우),Sangho Kim(김상호) 한국추진공학회 2014 한국추진공학회 학술대회논문집 Vol.2014 No.12

This study describes a design framework development using system engineering and centralized database concepts for various space launch vehicles to assist aeronautical engineers during mission and conceptual design and analysis process. This framework was first implemented in Matlab environment. Then due to some technical insufficiencies it is upgraded to a better version in VB.Net environment. Centralized database concept is applied for better data storage efficiency for all input and output of modules in the framework. Moreover, sorting function for database of competitive rockets over the world is added in the process for requirements. The purpose of utilization of data mining is to make the design optimization performed with fast and successful convergence by predicting the data necessary for the design optimization. Finally, the information resulted from a mission design is utilized as the system baseline to a newly introduced stage ‘Conceptual Design’. The framework GUI design is done mainly based on system engineering concept, thereby allowing user to interact with GUIs to easily finish the whole mission design process from start to end. The design framework is developed in a high-level technical computing language and interactive environment of VB.Net and 3D modeling using CATIA v5. To sum it up, this design framework includes and integrates many different functions and newly-added features: data mining for estimation and optimization of required initial values, fast accessibility to data mining values once it is determined, design analysis, design synthesis, and geometric 3D modeling of final configuration of the designed space launch vehicle. With this space launch framework, the mission and conceptual design for the rocket system targeted on the 700 x 700 ㎞ circular orbit has been successfully developed and demonstrated the efficiency of the framework.

신속한 항공기 개발을 위한 통합 개념설계 프로세스에 대한 연구

박승빈,박진환,전권수,김상호,이재우,Park, Seung Bin,Park, Jin Hwan,Jeon, Kwon-Su,Kim, Sangho,Lee, Jae-Woo 한국시스템엔지니어링학회 2013 시스템엔지니어링학술지 Vol.9 No.2

Integrated aircraft synthesis process for rapid analysis and design is described in this paper. Data flow between different analysis fields is described in details. All the data are divided into several groups according to importance and source of the data. Analysis of design requirements and certification regulations is carried out to determine baseline configuration of an aircraft. Overall design process can be divided into initial sizing, conceptual and preliminary design phases. Basic data for conceptual design are obtained from initial sizing, CAD and geometry analysis. Basic data are required input for weight, aerodynamics and propulsion analyses. Results of this analysis are used for stability and control, performance, mission, and load analysis. Feasibility of design is verified based on analysis results of each discipline. Design optimization that involves integrated process for aircraft analysis is performed to determine optimum configuration of an aircraft on a conceptual design stage. The process presented in this paper was verified to be used for light aircraft design.

메커니즘 합성을 통한 기계설계

이장용(Jang Yong Lee) 대한기계학회 2011 大韓機械學會論文集A Vol.35 No.12

기구 메커니즘의 작동해석과 관련하여 해석기하적 방법과 도식적 방법에 대한 연구가 있어왔다. 반면에 주어진 목적에 맞게끔 메커니즘을 구성하는 것에 대한 연구는 그리 많이 이루어지지 않았는데 일반 산업체 현장에서는 주로 과거에 활용된 메커니즘을 응용하는 방식으로 메커니즘 설계를 수행하여 왔다. 이런 방식은 설계초기 단계에서 가능한 모든 기구구성에 대해 숙고할 필요가 있는 메커니즘 설계자의 기구 선택범위를 제한하는 측면이 있다. 본 논문에서는 개념설계 단계에서 활용될 수 있는 기구메커니즘 구성에 관한 새로운 방법론을 제시한다. 이를 활용하여 설계자는 창의적인 기구구성을 보다 효율적으로 수행할 수 있게 된다. Analysis method for mechanism has been fully developed and relatively easy work compared to mechanism synthesis. Developing or creating a new mechanism for a given task is a creative job. In this case, a few theories are developed such as type synthesis. However, these methods are not sufficient for mechanism designers to sufficientely take into account alternative mechanism models during the initial phase of the mechanism design process. This paper presents the configuration design of mechanisms using graphical representation in the conceptual design stage. In this stage of kinematic synthesis, one needs to select mechanisms and configure appropriately to realize the desired motion of a machine. Graphical representation of mechanisms is proposed in this paper to help a designer to be highly creative and efficient in the initial design process. It is possible to easily design and analyze the mechanism of a machine by using this method.

전산지원 시스템엔지니어링 자동화 환경을 이용한 한국형 경항공모함 설계조합 및 최적대안 산출 기술 연구

박진원,이광기 한국산학기술학회 2022 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.23 No.5

Naval ship concept design largely consists of concept exploration and concept development. The concept exploration starts with the operational requirements and produces a rough level of dimensions and performance prediction, which serve as an initial baseline for the next design stage. The subsequent design follows a gradual process in which dimensions and performance are further specified. This study develops the Integrated Design Environment by Automation for Ship (IDEAS) as a computer-aided systems engineering tool to support the systems engineering framework that has been established for application in naval ships. This framework was applied to an example case of the concept exploration of aircraft carrier experiment, which has recently received national and international attention. The results of this example study confirmed that reliable and meaningful results could be obtained using IDEAS at a reasonable cost and time. The accuracy and fidelity of IDEAS provide satisfaction in the purpose and level of the early-phase ship design. This observation is based on the good predictions of IDEAS compared with the data of US and British aircraft carriers and the results of an independent CVX concept design. 함정 개념설계는 크게 개념탐색과 개념개발로 구분된다. 개념탐색은 최초 운용요구조건으로부터 시작하여 함정의 개략적인 제원 및 성능을 예측하며, 이는 실제 다음 단계의 초기 기준선 역할을 한다. 이후 설계가 진행됨에 따라 제원과 성능이 구체화되는 점진적인 프로세스를 따른다. 본 연구에서는 성공적인 적용 사례를 보유한 현업의 시스템엔지니어링 프레임워크를 지원하기 위한 전산지원 자동화 설계도구(IDEAS)를 개발하고자 한다. 검증 케이스로 최근 국내/외적으로 많은 주목을 받고 있는 한국형 경항공모함의 개념탐색에 이를 적용하여 합리적인 비용과 시간 투입만으로도 신뢰할 수 있고 의미 있는 결과를 얻을 수 있음을 확인하였다. IDEAS의 정확성과 정교성은 미국과 영국의 항공모함 데이터와의 비교 그리고 자체 CVX 개념설계 결과와 비교해 볼 때 원래 목표로 하였던 초기단계 설계의 목적과 수준에서 만족스러운 능력을 보여주었다.

음향 양자 이론의 사운드 디자인적 응용

구자환(Jahwan Koo) 한국산학기술학회 2018 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.19 No.9

데니스 게이버(Dennis Gabor)의 음향 양자(Acoustic Quanta) 이론은 음향 합성법의 하나인 그래뉼러 합성법(Granular Synthesis)의 이론적 토대가 되어 많은 컴퓨터 음악 작곡가들과 사운드 디자이너들에게 영감을 주었다. 음향 양자는 1에서 100 ㎳의 지속시간을 가진, 시간적으로 더 이상 짧게 분해될 수 없는 소리를 뜻한다. 그래뉼러 합성법은 원음을 매우 짧은 시간 간격으로 분할하여 소리 입자들(Sound Grain)로 만든 다음, 이 소리 입자들을 조합하여 새로운 음악 또는 음색을 구현하는 방법이다. 음향 양자 개념은 그래뉼러 합성법의 소재가 되는 소리 입자의 이론적 근거가 되었다. 기존 음향 합성법과는 전혀 다른 음색의 사운드를 만들어 낼 수 있는 그래뉼러 합성법은 사운드 디자인 분야에서 다양한 용도로 사용 가능하다. 본 논문에서는 게이버의 음향 양자 개념을 소개하고 이를 그래뉼러 합성법에 적용하여 활용 가능한 사운드 디자인 방법, 특히 동기식(Synchronous) 그래뉼러 방식에 의한 신디사이저(Synthesizer) 제작 가능성과 그 응용에 대하여 논하였다. 연구 결과 가청주파수를 감안한 음향 양자의 지속시간은 0.239에서 33.367 ms사이가 되어야하기 때문에 음향 양자의 본래 개념과는 차이가 있었다. Acoustic Quanta, which British Physicist Dennis Gabor created, is the theoretical background for granular synthesis and has influenced many computer music artists and sound designers. Acoustic Quanta is a very short sound burst, lasting only 1 to 100 ms. Granular synthesis is a sound synthesis technique which slices original sound into sound grains and re-combines them into a new acoustic event. Concept of sound grain is borrowed from the acoustic quanta. Granular Synthesis can make very unique sound, so that it can be useful in many ways, especially in sound design. This paper presents concept of acoustic quanta and granular synthesis. It then discusses making a synthesizer as an implementation of synchronous granular synthesis and its applications on sound design. As a result, the duration of acoustic quanta should range between 0.239 and 33.367 ms, in consideration of audible frequencies, which is different from the original concept of the acoustic quanta.

1950년대 일본 건축과 모던아트의 협동

도요카와 사이카쿠(Toyokawa Saikaku),최재혁(번역자) 한국근현대미술사학회 2017 한국근현대미술사학 Vol.34 No.-

This essay examines the collaboration between Japanese architects and artists during the 1950s by tracing Tange Kenzō’s involvement in three artistic organizations: the Shinseisaku Art Society, the Contemporary Art Study Group, and the World Design Committee. The interaction with these groups helped Tange to articulate the idea of synthesis of arts and encourage his circles to consolidate architecture, painting, and sculpture in the public realms. First of all, the Shinseisaku Art Society played a significant role in adopting Western modern art to the Japanese context. While Tange wanted to synthesize architecture, painting, and sculpture, his encounter with Henri Matisse made him consider the conflict between machines and hands. Tange’s desire to create public monuments that could symbolize the postwar democracy was realized in the Kagawa Prefecture Hall whose pilotis area was decorated by painter Inokuma Genichiro. Second, the Contemporary Art Study Group was the organization led by Okamoto Tarō, the avant-garde artist who was interested in interacting with various artists from different fields. In a speech presented in this organization, Tange claimed that the history of modern art was synonymous with the history of dividing architecture, painting, and sculpture. As today’s art pursued the abstract visual languages, he diagnosed that it fell into a isolated state like I-Novel and deprived of the virtue of humanity. Aiming at the “creation leading to nothing,” Tange collaborated with Okamoto who attempted to “create out of nothing." According to Tange, their collaboration in the Tokyo Metropolitan Prefecture Hall achieved the status of unification that included conflicts. Thirdly, the World Design Committee was founded to recover the international status of Japanese design. Its activities included the participation of Milan Triennial and the establishment of the Good Design System. In 1960, it hosted the World Design Conference in Tokyo where many designers from various fields gather together. In the panel discussion, Tange emphasized the importance of computers and nuclear power in the upcoming society. He argued that it was the creative power of designers and architects that could bridge the huge gap between technology and human. In addition, he pointed out the importance of biological science and its lessen of the dialectical relationship between order and freedom as an inspiration for designers. In conclusion, I would like to point out the shift in Tange’s interest throughout the 1950s. In the early 1950s, when Tange was involved in the Shinseisaku Art Society and the Contemporary Art Study Group, he was interested in the dialectic between creation and tradition in conjunction with the tension between realism and modernism. In the World Design Conference of 1960, his interest was shifted to computer, biology, and nuclear power. This change was triggered not only by the qualitative transformation of Japanese society from the era of postwar recovery to that of rapid economic growth but also by his half-year sojourn at MIT where he witnessed the emergence of mass consumer society in the U.S.

총체적 예술에 바탕을 둔 소니아 들로네 작품세계의 재조명

윤민희(Min Hie Yun) 한국디자인문화학회 2009 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.15 No.3

소니아 들로네는 20세기의 대표적인 여성예술가로 화가이자 동시에 현대적 개념의 디자이너이다. 그녀는 회화의 영역뿐만 아니라, 텍스타일디자인, 의상디자인, 시각디자인 등의 다양한 영역에서 활동한 총체적 예술, 퓨전적 시각의 대표적 예술세계를 지향한 예술가라 할 수 있다. 소니아 들로네는 그녀의 회화세계에 바탕을 두고 다양한 영역과 교류하며 작업을 하였다. 특히 그녀는 그림과 시의 만남에 바탕을 둔 광고와 일러스트레이션, 그림과 텍스타일, 패션디자인 등의 퓨전 연구를 바탕으로 전통적인 개념의 `순수예술`와 `응용미술`의 구별을 뛰어넘고 있다. 특히 소니아 들로네의 다양한 영역의 작품세계는 학제 간 연구에 바탕을 둔 대표적인 사례로 현대디자인 교육모델로 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있다. 다양한 예술 영역의 작업에 바탕을 둔 소니아 들로네의 작품세계의 재조명을 위한 본 연구의 주요내용은 1) 소니아 들로네의 작품세계의 조형적 특징, 2) 다양한 영역의 접목에 바탕을 둔 소니아 들로네의 작품세계 사례 연구, 3) 소니아 들로네의 작품 세계의 현대적 활용 가능성 등을 중심으로 구성한다. 본 연구의 범위 및 방법은 1910-41년의 작품세계를 중심으로 살펴 본 후 1941년 이후의 대표적 작품 세계를 부분적으로 연구, 분석한다. 왜냐하면 이 기간 동안 소니아 들로네는 그녀의 예술세계의 가장 대표적인 동시적 색채대비를 바탕으로 다양한 영역의 작품세계를 표현하고 있다. 소니아 들로네의 퓨전적 작품세계 사례 연구는 회화와 문학의 퓨전(광고, 그림-시), 응용미술(패션디자인)과 문학의 상호 연관성, 회화와 건축의 접목을 중심으로 한다. 소니아 들로네의 작품세계의 조형적 특징은 동시성, 동시성주의를 중심으로 연구하였다. 그녀의 작품세계를 칭하는 동시성, 동시성주의는 동시적 색채대비를 바탕으로 하여 다양한 작품세계의 정체성을 나타내는 상표의 역할을 하기도 한다. 또한 동시성, 동시성주의는 예술과 일상의 결합을 통하여 그녀의 다양한 예술 세계를 상징하는 대표적 용어이다. 소니아 들로네는 의식적으로 동시성, 동시성주의를 이즘(-ism)화 하여 그녀의 예술세계를 상징적으로 표현하고 있다 이와 같이 소니아 들로네는 전통적인 개념의 시공간의 개념을 초월하여 동시성을 그녀의 예술세계에 총체적 예술로 확대시킨다. 다양한 영역의 접목에 바탕을 둔 소니아 들로네의 작품세계 사례 연구에서는 그녀의 회화와 문학의 퓨전, 응용미술(패션디자인)과 문학의 상호 연관성, 회화와 건축의 접목을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 회화와 문학의 퓨전 연구는 그림세계와 문학세계를 상호 통합 시의 일러스트레이션을 사례로 살펴보았다. 퓨전, 응용미술(패션디자인)과 문학의 상호 연관성에서는 소니아 들로네는 텍스타일/패션디자인과 문학의 접목을 살펴보았다. 회화와 건축의 상호연관성에서는 1937년의 건축공간의 벽화제작을 중심으로 살펴보았다. 이러한 퓨전적 연구를 바탕으로 총체적 예술을 지향한 소니아 들로네 작품세계의 현대적 의미와 활용 가능성을 1) 현대 예술디자인교육에 학제 간, 퓨전적 연구를 위한 예술가의 역할 모델, 2) 20세기의 텍스타일과 패션디자인 영역에 절충적인 모던 디자인의 확산, 3) 기하학적인 형태, 강렬한 색채대비에 바탕을 둔 조형언어, 4) 조형예술의 영역에서 총체적 예술의 시각에서 연구하였다. 소니아 들로네를 자칫 20세기의 여성예술가로 생각할 수도 있지만, 본 연구를 바탕으로 21세기의 현대 조형교육에 총체적 예술을 시도한 예술가의 역할 모델로 제시할 수 있을 것이다. 특히 소니아 들로네의 장르를 초월한 다양한 영역에서의 학제 간, 퓨전적 작품세계는 현대디자인의 교육모델로 중요한 역할을 담당할 것이다. Sonia Delaunay is a representative female artist of the 20th century. Her artworks applied not only to paintings, but to textile, clothing and visual design, etc. That makes her an artist who pursued general art, interdisciplinary art in the fusion field. Sonia Delaunay attempted to work in various fields based on her artwork, and tried prosperous exchange amongst them. Especially her artworks such as the advertisement based on painting and poems, illustrations, paintings and fashion design cut across the distinction between fine arts and applied arts. Sonia`s artworks which are applied to various fields have enormous influence on contemporary design as an education model. The main contents of this research on Sonia Delaunay`s artwork based on various art fields are as follows: 1) research on plastic traits of Sonia Delaunay`s artwork, 2) research on certain types of Sonia Delaunay`s artworks which adopt various field, 3 the possibility of contemporary usage of Sonia Delaunay`s artwork. The range and method of this research is mainly focused on Sonia Delaunay`s artworks from 1910 to 1941. Artworks from 1941 will be partly researched and analyzed. Because during this period of time, she created various artworks using simultaneous color contrast which is the most representative method in the art field. The certain types of Sonia Delaunay`s artworks are mainly centered on the adaptation of paintings and literature(advertisement, painting-poem), the interrelations between applied art(fashion design) and literature and the adaptation of paintings and architecture. The formative characteristic of Sonia Delaunay`s artwork is researched focusing on simultaneity and Simultanism. Simultaneity and Simultanism, which indicate Sonia Delaunay`s artwork, are based on simultaneous color contrast to represent identities of varios artwork as their trademarks. Also, simultaneity and Simultanism are representative terms of her artwork by combining art and life. Sonia Delaunay symbolized her artistic character by making simultaneity to Simultanism intentionally. Sonia Delaunay thus expands her artwork to the general art with simultaneity taking no notice of time and space in the traditional concept. For the example research of Sonia Delaunay`s artwork which unites various fields, fusion research of Delaunay`s painting and literature, mutual relation between applied art(fashion design) and literature, and the combination of painting and architecture will be considered. In part of fusion research of painting and literature, the illustrations with the combination of painting and literature will be examined. For mutual relation between fusion, applied art(fashion design) and literature, the union of textile/fashion design and literature will be researched. For interrelation of painting and architecture, mural production in 1937 will be mainly considered. The comtemporary meaning and the possibility of usage of Sonia Delaunay`s artwork which pursued general art based on fusion works are researched under following view points; 1) The role model of artists for interdisciplinary and fusion research 2) the expansion of eclectic modern design through textile and fashion design field of 20C 3) plastic language based on symmetric forms and strong color contrast 4) in the view point of general art in the plastic arts field. Sonia Delaunay is apt to known as a female artist of 20C, however, Delaunay can be a role model for artists who tried to graft general art onto contemporary plastic arts education of 21C. Especially, Sonia Delaunay`s interdisciplinary and fusion artwork over various genres adopted to various fields will play a significant role for educational model of contemporary design.

Design Space Exploration of Many-Core Architecture for Sound Synthesis of Guitar on Portable Device

Myeongsu Kang(강명수),Jong-Myon Kim(김종면) 한국컴퓨터정보학회 2014 한국컴퓨터정보학회 학술발표논문집 Vol.22 No.1

Although physical modeling synthesis is becoming more and more efficient in rich and natural high-quality sound synthesis, its high computational complexity limits its use in portable devices. This constraint motivated research of single-instruction multiple-data many-core architectures that support the tremendous amount of computations by exploiting massive parallelism inherent in physical modeling synthesis. Since no general consensus has been reached which grain sizes of many-core processors and memories provide the most efficient operation for sound synthesis, design space exploration is conducted for seven processing element (PE) configurations. To find an optimal PE configuration, each PE configuration is evaluated in terms of execution time, area and energy efficiencies. Experimental results show that all PE configurations are satisfied with the system requirements to be implemented in portable devices.

마갈드레이트의 합성조건과 그 현탁액의 유동학적 특성

신화우(Wha Woo Shin),최광식(Kwang Sik Choi) 대한약학회 1996 약학회지 Vol.40 No.1

Magaldrate. an antiacid was synthesized by reacting magnesium oxide, aluminum sulfate, and dried aluminum hydroxide gel. The optimum synthesis conditions based on the yield of the product were established by applying Box-Wilson experimental design. It was found that the optimum synthesis conditions of Magaldrate were as follows: Reaction temperature; 61~85oC, concentration of two reactants. Mgo and Al(OH)3: 16~19.8%, molar concentration ratio of two reactants, [MgO]/[Al(OH)3]; 4.2~5.0, temperature of washing water; 36~41oC and drying temperature of the product: 76~80oC. Magaldrate was synthesized under the optimum synthesis conditions and identified by analyzing the chemical composition, and by differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray diffraction method. The Magaldrate sample synthesis under these conditions was used to prepare 15.6% Magaldrate original suspension which was utilized to make 13% Magaldrate suspension dispered in various concentrations of eight types of suspending agents. The acid-neutralizing capacity of 13% Magaldrate suspension dispersed in 0.25% suspending agents was examined by Rosset-Rice method. The maximum pH was reached within 1 minute in all suspension tested, and duration maintained between pH 3~5 was decreased in the order of Na alginate Na silicate(meta) Veegum HV pectin agar>Na>CMC>xanthan gum>bentonite. It was found that the hysteresis loop area was increased with temperature in the case of Riopan Plus and the addition of agar, whereas the area was decreased with temperature in the case of the addition of Na alginate and xanthan gum. 13% Magaldrate suspension tends to sediment by the addition of bentonite.