Self-etching primer를 이용한 교정용 브라켓 부착시 전단결합강도와 파절양상에 관한 비교연구

김유경,이진우,차경석 대한치과교정학회 2004 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.34 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 산부식과 전처리 과정을 결합하여 접착 단계를 단순화시킨 self-etching primer의 임상적인 유용성을 판단하고자, self-etching primer로 브라켓을 접착하는 방법과 기존의 37% 인산으로 부식 하여 접착하는 방법을 사용하여, 광중합시 사용되는 광원 및 브라켓 종류에 따른 전단결합강도와 접착파절양상에 관하여 비교 연구하는 것이다. 사람의 상하악 소구치를 포매하여 만든 시편을 부식 및 전처리 방법에 따라 각각 37%인산으로 산부식 후 Transbond XT primer를 사용하여 접착한 군과 Transbond Plus self-etching primer를 사용하여 접착한 군으로, 광원 종류에 따라 가시광선과 plasma arc light을 이용하여 중합한 군으로 나누었고, 브라켓 종류에 따라 금속브라켓과 세라믹 브라켓을 사용하여 접착한 군으로 분류하여 각 군간의 전단결합강도와 접착파절양상을 관찰하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 광원과 브라켓 종류가 동일한 조건일 때, self-etching primer를 사용하여 접착한 군과 XT primer를 사용하여 접착한 군간의 전단결합강도는 통계적으로 유의한 차가 없었다. 2. 금속브라켓을 접착한 경우, 광원과 부식 및 전처리 방법에 따른 전단결합강도는 통계적으로 유의한 차가 없었다. 3. Self-etching primer와 XT primer를 사용하여 접착한 군 모두에서 세라믹 브라켓을 사용하여 접착한 군의 전단결합강도는 금속브라켓을 사용하여 접착한 군보다 통계적으로 유의하게 컸다(p<0.001). 4. 접착제 잔류지수는 self-etching primer를 사용하여 접착한 군과 XT primer를 사용하여 접착한 군에서 통계적인 유의한 차가 없었으며, 세라믹 브라켓을 사용하여 접착한 군에서 금속브라켓을 사용하여 접착한 군보다 유의하게 커서, 법랑질-레진 접착 계면 부위의 파절이 더 많은 것으로 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 미루어 보아 Transbond Plus self-etching primer를 사용하여 브라켓을 접착하는 것은 적절한 결합강도를 얻으면서도 사용이 간편하고 시술 시간을 단축시킬 수 있으므로 임상적으로 유용할 것으로 판단된다. A self-etching primer that combines the etchant and primer in one chemical compound saves time and should be more cost-effective to the clinician and patient. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of a self-etching primer by measuring shear bond strengths according to various conditions and observing adhesive failure patterns. For this investigation, 120 upper and lower premolars extracted for orthodontic purposes were used and randomly divided into six groups of twenty teeth each. Human premolars were embedded in a metal cylinder with orthodontic resin. Metal brackets and ceramic brackets were bonded with XT primer and self- etching primer by means of XT adhesive. Upon curing, plasma arc light and visible light were used. After bonding, the shear bond strength was tested by Instron universal testing machine, and the amount of residual adhesive that remained on the tooth after debonding was measured by stereoscope and assessed with an adhesive remnant index. The results were as follows: 1. When brackets were bonded, if other conditions remained the same, there was no significant difference in shear bond strength due to the type of primer - either self-etching primer or XT primer. 2. When metal brackets were bonded, there was no significant difference in shear bond strength according to the source of light - plasma arc light or visible light - and type of primer. 3. There was a very significant difference in shear bond strength according to the type of brackets - metal or ceramic brackets. The shear bond strength of ceramic brackets was stronger than metal brackets. 4. When the adhesive failure patterns of metal brackets bonded with self-etching primer were observed by using the adhesive remnant index, the bond failure of the metal bracket occurred more frequently at the bracket-adhesive. The failure of the ceramic bracket, however, occurred more frequently at the enamel- adhesive interface. The adhesive failure patterns of metal brackets bonded with XT primer observed the same patterns. The above results suggest that self-etching primer can be clinically useful for bonding the brackets without fear of a decrease in shear bond strength.

Self-etching primer를 이용하여 접착된 교정용 브라켓의 전단결합강도

안윤표,김효영,전영미,김정기 대한치과교정학회 2003 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.33 No.1

본 연구는 6세대 교정용 접착 시스템인 Transbond Plus Self-Etching Primer(3M/Unitek Dental Products, Monrovia, Calif)를 이용하여 법랑질면에 브라켓을 접착하는 방법과, 통상적인 산부식 방법에 의해 브라켓을 접착한 경우의 전단결합강도 차이를 비교·평가하고, self etching primer를 이용하여 브라켓을 접착할 때 치면에 존재하는 수분이 브라켓의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향에 관하여 조사하였다. 37% 인산용액과 Self-Etching Primer를 잉용하여 법랑질을 표면 처리하고 Transbond XT를 이용하여 브라켓을 치면에 부착하였다. 또한 수분의 존재에 따른 전단결합강도의 차이를 평가하기 위해 인공타액을 치면에 도포후 Self-Etching Primer를 사용하여 브라켓을 부착한 후 30분과 24시간에 따른 전단결합강도를 비교 평가하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. Self-etching primer군에서 건조군과 습윤군의 전단결합강도는 37%인산처리군의 결합강도보다 낮았다(p<0.05). 그러나 Self-etching primer군의 전단결합강도는 임상적으로 유용한 수준의 이상이었다. 2. 모든군에서 24시간군의 전단결합강도가 30분군의 전단결합강도보다 높았으며(p<0.05), 이는 브라켓 접착후 일정시간의 경과가 결합강도를 증가시켜 줌을 알 수 있었다. 3. Self-etching primer군에서 습윤군의 전단결합강도는 건조군보다 높은 경향이었으나 통계적 유의성은 인정되지 않았다(p<0.05). 4. ARI 점수의 비교결과 인산처리군에서는 0점과 1점의 빈도가 높았으며, Self-etching primer 건조군과 습윤군에서는 2점과 3점의 빈도가 높아(p<0.05) Self-etching primer군이 인산처리군보다 법랑질-레진 접착계면부위에서의 파절이 많이 일어남을 알 수 있었다. The purpose of this study was to evcaluate the effects of a self-etching primer on the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets and on the failure pattern of bracket-adhesive interfaces in dry or wet condition. Brackets were bonded to extracted human teeth according to one of three experimental protocols. In the Group P, teeth were etched with 37% phosphoric acid. After the Transbond XT Primer was applied onto the etched surfaces, the brackets were bonded with Transbond XT(3M, Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) and light cured for 40 seconds. In the Group SD, a self-etching primer(3M, Unitek, Monrovia, Calif) was placed on the enamel for 3 seconds and gently evaporated with air, as suggested by the manufacturer. The brackets were then bonded with Transbond XT as in the Group P. In the Group SW, artificial saliva was applied to the enamel surface for 10 seconds to allow complete hydration of the surface before application self-etching primer. The brackets were then bonded following the procedures of Group SD. Each group was divided into 2 sub-groups(0.5h, 24h) according to debonding time shear bond strengths were measured by Instron universal testing machine. After debonding, the teeth and brackets were examined under scanning electron microscope and assessed with the adhesive remnant index. The result obtained were summarized as follows ; 1. The shear bond strengths were high enough to use clinically in all testing groups, but the shear bond strengths of group SD and SW were significantly lower than Group P(p<0.05). 2. With respect to comparison of debonding time, 24h debonding samples exhibited heigher shear bond strength than 0.5h debonding samples in Group P, SD and SW(p<0.05). 3. In the self etching primer groups(Group SD and Group SW), there was no significant difference in mean shear bond stredifference in mean shear bond strength between under dry and wet state(p>0.05). 4. There was a greater frequency of ARI score of 0 and 1 with the Group P. On the other hand, there was a higher frequency of ARI scores of 2 and 3 with Group SD and Group SW(p<0.05).,

Influence of additional etching on shear bond strength of self-etching adhesive system to enamel

Yoo, Sun-Jin,Kim, Young-Kyung,Park, Jeong-Won,Jin, Myoung-Uk,Kim, Sung-Kyo 大韓齒科保存學會 2006 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.31 No.4

최근 많이 소개되고 있는 자가산부식 접착제는 상아질에 대한 접착은 우수한 것으로 알려져 있지만 법랑질에 대한 접착은 인산에 비해 낮은 산도로 인해 충분한 부식이 일어나는지에 대한 논란이 되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 서로 다른 산도를 가진 1단계 혹은 2단계의 자가산부식 접착제에서 부가적인 산부식이 법랑질과 복합 레진 사이의 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 평가하고자 하였다. 90개의 발거된 우치의 순면을 물기가 있는 상태에서 #600 사포로 표면을 연마하여 평활한 법랑질을 노출시킨 후, 임의로 6군으로 분류했다. 사용재료는 Clearfil SE Bond^(®), Adper^(TM)Prompt L-Pop, 그리고 Tyrian SPE^(TM)를 사용하였으며, 각 재료에 추가적인 산부식을 시행한 군과 그렇지 않은 군으로 나누어 표현 처리한 후, 제조사의 지시대로 접착과정을 시행하였다. 각 시편에 복합레진을 2 ㎜ 두께로 충전하고, 40초간 광중합을 하였다. 그 후 시편을 37℃, 100% 상대습도에서 24시간 보관 후 전단응력 접착강도를 측정하였다. 결과치는 independent t - test 를 이용하여 통계분석 하였으며 그 결과는 다음과 같이 나타났다. Clearfil SE Bond^(®)에서 부가적인 산부식을 시행한 군이 그렇지 않은 군보다 유의하게 높은 접착강도를 나타내었다 (p < 0.01). Adper^(TM) Prompt L-Pop과 Tyrian SPE^(TM)에서는 부가적인 산 부식이 결합강도에 통계적인 유의차를 나타내지 않았다.(p >0.01). 본 연구의 결과로 보아, 강산을 함유하고 있는 접착제를 사용할 경우에는 부가적인 부식 처치가 접착력을 증가시키지 않으나, 약산을 함유하고 있는 접착제의 경우에는 부가적인 산부식이 접착력을 증진시키는 것으로 사료된다. Recently, self-etching adhesive system has been introduced to simplify the clinical bonding procedures. It is less acidic compared to the phosphoric acid, thus there is doubt whether this system has enough bond strength to enamel. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of additional etching on the adhesion of resn composite to enamel. Ninety extracted bovine permanent anterior teeth were used. The labial surfaces of the crown were ground with 600-grit abrasive paper under wet condition. The teeth were randomly divided into six groups of 15 teeth each. Clearfil SE Bond^(®), Adper^(TM) Prompt L-Pop and Tyrian SPE^(TM) were used as self-etaching primers. Each self-etching primers were applied in both enamel specimens with and without additional etching. For additional etching groups, enamel surface was pretreated with 32% phosphoric acid (UNI-ETCH, Bisco, Inc., Schaumburg, IL, USA). Hybrid resin composite Clearfil APX, (Kuraray Co., Ltd., Osaka, Japan) was packed into the mold and light-cured for 40 seconds. Twenty-four hours afer storage, the specimens were tested in shear bond strength. The data for each group were subjected to independnt t - test at p < 0.01 to make comparisons among the groups. In Clearfil SE Bond^(®), shear bond strength of additional etching grop was higher than no additional etching group (p < 0.01). In Adper^(TM) Prompt L-Pop and Tyrian SPE, there were no significant difference between additional etching and non-etching groups (p < 0.01). In conclusion, self-etching adhesive system with weak acid seems to have higher bond strength to enamel with additional etching, while self-etching adhensive system with strong acid seems not.〔 Kor Acad Cons Dent 31(4):263-268, 2006〕

부가적 산부식 시간에 따른 자가 산부식 접착제의 법랑질 전단결합강도

이형숙,김성기,이동수,김신,정태성 大韓小兒齒科學會 2009 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.36 No.4

이 연구의 목적은 유치와 영구치의 법랑질에 자가 산부식 접착제 적용 전 부가적인 산부식 시간을 달리 하였을 때, 전단결합강도에 미치는 영향을 알아보기 위함이다. 각각 65개의 발거된 건전한 유치와 영구치 협, 설면 법랑질 시편을 제작하고 두 종류의 자가 산부식 접착제를 적용하였다. 실험군은 Clearfil SE bond, Adper Prompt L-pop으로 처리한 두 개 군으로 나누고, 이를 다시 산부식 시간에 따라 여섯 군(0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 30초)으로 분류하였다. 대조군으로는 total-etching system인 Multi-purpose plus를 사용하였다. 접착제 처리면을 복합레진으로 충전하고 24시간 경과 후 전단결합강도를 측정하고 Mann-Whitney test와 Kruskal-Wallis test를 사용하여 통계분석 하였다. 결과는 자가 산부식 접착제를 적용한 군은 유치, 영구치 모두에서 total etching system에 비해 낮은 전단 결합강도를 보였다. 자가 산부식 접착제 사용 군내에서 산부식을 추가로 시행하였을 때 유치와 영구치 모두에서 결합강도가 증가하였으며, 10초 이상 산부식을 시행한 경우 결합력의 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다. 유치와 영구치간 결합력의 차이는 인정되지 않았다. 결론적으로, 자가 산부식 접착제의 법랑질에 대한 전단결합강도는 유치, 영구치 모두에서 10초 이상의 부가적 산부식이 결합력의 증가에 유리하게 작용하는 것으로 나타났다. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bonding ability of two self etch systems to human primary and permanent enamel and the effect of additional acid etching time. Exfoliated, caries free human primary molar(n=65) and permanent molar extracted (n=65) were used. prepared enamel specimens were randomly divided into 2 test groups and a control group. The control group(n=10) were treated with 35% phosphoric acid gel and Scotchbond Multi-purpose adhesive. Experimental groups(self-etching systems) were subdivided into 6 groups(each n=10) according to additional etching time(0s, 5s, 10s, 15s, 20s, 30s). The result were as follows : 1) The shear bond strengths of the self-etching adhesives(Clearfil SE Bond, Adper Prompt L-pop) without additional etching were lower than control group(Scotch Bond Multipurpose). 2) Between the same self-etch adhesive groups, additional etched groups showed higher shear bond strength 3) There was no significant difference between primary and permanent enamel. In conclusion, bond strength of self-etch adhesives to enamel could be increased with additional etching.

자가 산부식 접착제를 이용한 치면열구전색의 미세누출 평가

김현진,이난영,이상호 大韓小兒齒科學會 2008 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.35 No.2

자가 산부식 접착제는 산부식 과정 후 수세없이 와동을 충전할 수 있다. 움직임이 많고 행동 조절이 어려운 환자의 경우 시술의 절차를 줄일 수 있는 자가 산부식 접착제가 치면열구전색제의 사용을 보다 용이하게 할 수 있다. 그러나 법랑질에 대한 산부식 능력이 인산에 비해 낮아서 충분한 부식이 일어나는지에 대해 논란이 되고 있다. 이에 대해 자가 산부식 접착제의 약한 산부식능을 감안하여 열구성형술과 acidic primer의 도포 시간을 증가시키는 등의 임상 술식을 시행하고 자가 산부식 접착제의 단점이 보완되는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 35% 인산으로 산부식 후 전색술을 시행한 경우와 자가 산부식 접착제를 사용하여 도포한 경우의 미세 누출도를 염색액의 침투도를 비교하고 주사전자현미경을 이용한 산부식상 관찰을 통하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 열구 성형술을 시행 후 자가산부식접착제를 도포한 군은 인산 부식 20초를 시행한 군과 자가산부식접착제를 20초,40초 도포한 군보다 미세누출도가 더 낮았다. 2. 자가산부식접착제를 제조 회사의 지시에 따라 20초간 도포한 군과 40초로 늘려 도포한 군 간에 미세누출도의 유의 차가없었다. 3. 주사전자현미경 관찰 시 전형적인 산부식 양상은 인산부식 20초군에서만 관찰되었으며 열구성형술을 시행하고 자가산부식접착제를 도포한 군이 자가산부식접착제만 20,40초 도포한 군보다는 표면 거칠기가 증가하였다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of fissurotomy and double application time of acidic primer of self-etching adhesive system of acid treatment on enamel surfaces for prevention of microleakage of pit and fissure sealants. The microleakage of pit and fissure sealants was evaluated by measuring the penetration depth of methylene blue solution. Specimens were divided by 4 groups according to the method of treatment. Group I: 35% phosphoric acid etching, 20 seconds. Group II: Priming with self-etching primer, 20 seconds. Group III: Priming with self-etching primer, 40 seconds. Group IV: Priming with self-etching primer, 20 seconds, after fissurotomy. The etched pattern produced on enamel was observed using a scanning electron microscope. Obtained data were analysed statistically using Kruscal-Wallis test followed by Mann-Whitney test for comparison ofgroups. The results are as follows: 1. Microleakage scores of group IV priming with self-etching primer 20 seconds after fissurotomy was the lowest. 2. Microleakage scores between group II and group III were not shown significant difference. 3. Enamel for 20 seconds etching with 35% phosphoric acid was observed the most effective etching pattern. And the etching pattern on the fissure enamel with self-etching adhesive 20 seconds after fissurotomy was more prominent than group II, III only using self-etching primer.

Self-etching primer를 사용하여 교정용 브라켓 접착 시 접착제와 타액오염에 따른 전단결합강도 변화

김일규,남은혜,윤영아 대한치과교정학회 발행 2005 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.35 No.6

본 연구의 목적은 브라켓 접착 시 산부식과 전처리 과정을 결합하여 잡착 단계를 단순화시킨 self-etching primer (SEP)를 사용하는 경우 접착제 종류와 타액의 존재 유무에 따른 전단결합강도의 차이에 관하여 비교 연구 하는 것이다. 소의 하악 영구 전치를 포매하여 만든 시편을 접착제의 종류에 따라 레진 접착제와 레진 강화형 글래스 아이오노머 접착제를 이용한 군으로 나누었고, 각각 37% 인산으로 산부식 후 기존의 본딩용 프라이머를 사용하여 접착한 군과, SEP를 사용하여 접착한 군으로 분류하고, 타액 오염 유무에 따라 다시 각 군을 분류하여 전단결합강도를 측정하였다. 그 결과 레진 접착제로 브라켓을 부착한 경우 SEP를 사용하여 접착한 군의 전단결합강도는 인산 처리군에 비해 낮은데 비해, 레진 강화형 글래스 아이오노머를 사용한 경우, 전처리법에 따른 전단결합강도는 통계적으로 유의한 차가 없었으며, 접착제의 종류에 관계없이 타액 오염이 존재 시에는 SEP를 사용한 군이 인산 처리군에 비해 높은 전단결합강도를 보였다. 이상의 결과에서 SEP를 사용 시 레진 접착제와 레진 강화형 글래스 아이오노머 접착제 모두 임상적으로 사용 가능한 전단결합강도를 보였으며, 특히 타액에 오염된 치면에서도 SEP를 사용하여 브라켓을 접착하는 것은 적절한 결합강도를 얻을 수 있으므로 임상적으로 유용할 것으로 생각된다. The purpose of this study was to evaluate and compare the shear bond strength of orthodontic brachets depending on the variety of adhesives and whether saliva exists. by using self-etching primer (SEP). Groups were divided according to the type of adhesive into resin adhesive (Transbond XT) and resin-medified glass ionomer cement (Fuji Ortho LC). One group of resin adhesive used XT primer after etching with 37% phosphoric acid, and the other group used self-etching primer. One group of resin-modified glass ionomer cement only used etching for bonding, and the other group used SEP. Each of the group were also classified by whether saliva was contaminated or not. and then the shear bond strength was measured. The results showed that when using resing adhesive. the shear bond strength of SEP was lower than the XT primer. In the resin-medified glass ionomer cement groups, the shear bond strength which depends on the priming method, did not have a meaningful difference statistically. When saliva was contaminated. the group which used SEP, regardless of the adhesive variety, had a greater shear bond strength than the normal priming group. From these results, SEP showed a shear bond strength that is possible to be used clinically, regardless of the adhesive variety. It can especially be clinically useful to use SEP to bond brackets even on tooth surfaces contaminated with saliva, because it offers the appropriate bonding strength as well as shorter treatment time and easy application.

Effect of Hydrophobic, Neutral Adhesive on the Dentin Bond Strength of Self-etching Adhesive

Bae, Ji-Hyun,Choi, Yong-Hoon,Jung, Moon-Kyung,Cho, Byeong-Hoon Korean Academy of Dental Science 2009 Journal of korean dental science Vol.2 No.2

Objectives : This study investigated the hypothesis that the dentin bond strength of self-etching adhesives (SEAs) may be improved by applying a coat of hydrophobic, neutral adhesive resin in addition to SEA. Method and Materials : The bond strengths of two SEAs - Experimental SEA (EX) and Adper Prompt (AP) - were measured with three bonding protocols. The D/E resin of All-Bond 2 was applied as the hydrophobic, neutral adhesive. Clearfil SE Bond (SE, self-etching primer system) and All-Bond 2 (AB, total etching system) were used as references. The following protocols were used: (1) EX1 (EX 1 coat); (2) EX2 (EX 2 coats); (3) EX+ (EX 1 coat + D/E resin); (4) AP1 (AP 1 coat); (5) AP2 (AP 2 coats); (6) AP+ (AP 1 coat + D/E resin); (7) SE (SE primer + SE bond); (8) SE+ (SE primer + D/E resin); (9) AB (etching + AB primer + D/E resin). Filtek Z250 composite resin was built up and the microtensile bond strength (MTBS) values of the specimens were compared. The fractured surfaces were observed using SEM. Results : When SEA was used as self-etching primer and hydrophobic, neutral adhesive was applied as well, MTBS was significantly higher than that when either one coat or two coats of SEA only were used (p < 0.05). Conclusion : The hydrophobic, neutral adhesive improved the integrity of the bonded interface obtained with SEA.

The effect of additional etching and curing mechanism of composite resin on the dentin bond strength

Bock Hur,Yong-Hoon Kwon,Jeong-Kil Park,Sung-Ae Son,In-Su Lee 대한치과보철학회 2013 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.5 No.4

PURPOSE The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of additional acid etching and curing mechanism (light-curing or self-curing) of a composite resin on the dentin bond strength and compatibility of one-step self-etching adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS Sixteen human permanent molars were randomly divided into eight groups according to the adhesives used (All-Bond Universal: ABU, Clearfil S3 Bond: CS3), additional acid etching (additional acid etching performed: EO, no additional acid etching performed: EX), and composite resins (Filtek Z-250: Z250, Clearfil FII New Bond: CFNB). Group 1: ABU-EO-Z250, Group 2: ABU-EO-CFNB, Group 3: ABU-EX-Z250, Group 4: ABU-EX-CFNB, Group 5: CS3-EO-Z250, Group 6: CS3-EO-CFNB, Group 7: CS3-EX-Z250, Group 8: CS3-EX-CFNB. After bonding procedures, composite resins were built up on dentin surfaces. After 24-hour water storage, the teeth were sectioned to make 10 specimens for each group. The microtensile bond strength test was performed using a microtensile testing machine. The failure mode of the fractured specimens was examined by means of an optical microscope at ×20 magnification. The data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test (α=.05). RESULTS Additional etching groups showed significantly higher values than the no additional etching group when using All-Bond Universal. The light-cured composite resin groups showed significantly higher values than the self-cured composite resin groups in the Clearfil S3 Bond. CONCLUSION The additional acid etching is beneficial for the dentin bond strength when using low acidic one-step self-etch adhesives, and low acidic one-step self-etch adhesives are compatible with self-cured composite resin. The acidity of the one-step self-etch adhesives is an influencing factor in terms of the dentin bonding strength and incompatibility with a self-cured composite resin.

Microleakage and characteristics of resin-tooth tissues interface of a self-etch and an etch-and-rinse adhesive systems

Tran Xuan Vinh,Tran Khanh Quang 대한치과보존학회 2021 Restorative Dentistry & Endodontics Vol.46 No.2

Objectives: This study was conducted to compare the microleakage and characteristics of the resin-tooth tissue interface between self-etch and etch-and-rinse adhesive systems after 48 hours and 3 months. Materials and Methods: 40 extracted premolar teeth were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1-step self-etch adhesive system – Optibond™ All-In-One, and 2-step etch-and-rinse adhesive system - Adper™ Single Bond 2. Both groups were subjected to 500 thermocycles (5°C–55°C) before scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis or microleakage trial at 48-hour and 3-month time periods. Results: SEM images showed the hybrid layer thickness, diameter, and length of resin tags of the self-etch adhesive (0.42 ± 0.14 μm; 1.49 ± 0.45 μm; 16.35 ± 14.26 μm) were smaller than those of the etch-and-rinse adhesive (4.39 ± 1.52 μm; 3.49 ± 1 μm; 52.81 ± 35.81 μm). In dentin, the microleakage scores of the 2 adhesives were not different in both time periods (48 hours/3 months). However, the microleakage score of etch-and-rinse adhesive increased significantly after 3 months (0.8 ± 0.63 and 1.9 ± 0.88, p < 0.05). Conclusions: The self-etch adhesive exhibited better long-term sealing ability in dentin when compared to that of the etch-and-rinse adhesive. The greater hybrid layer thickness and dimensions of resin tags did not guarantee reliable, long-lasting sealing in the bonding area.

The effect of additional etching and curing mechanism of composite resin on the dentin bond strength

Lee, In-Su,Son, Sung-Ae,Hur, Bock,Kwon, Yong-Hoon,Park, Jeong-Kil The Korean Academy of Prosthodonitics 2013 The Journal of Advanced Prosthodontics Vol.5 No.4

PURPOSE. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of additional acid etching and curing mechanism (light-curing or self-curing) of a composite resin on the dentin bond strength and compatibility of one-step self-etching adhesives. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Sixteen human permanent molars were randomly divided into eight groups according to the adhesives used (All-Bond Universal: ABU, Clearfil S3 Bond: CS3), additional acid etching (additional acid etching performed: EO, no additional acid etching performed: EX), and composite resins (Filtek Z-250: Z250, Clearfil FII New Bond: CFNB). Group 1: ABU-EO-Z250, Group 2: ABU-EO-CFNB, Group 3: ABU-EX-Z250, Group 4: ABU-EX-CFNB, Group 5: CS3-EO-Z250, Group 6: CS3-EO-CFNB, Group 7: CS3-EX-Z250, Group 8: CS3-EX-CFNB. After bonding procedures, composite resins were built up on dentin surfaces. After 24-hour water storage, the teeth were sectioned to make 10 specimens for each group. The microtensile bond strength test was performed using a microtensile testing machine. The failure mode of the fractured specimens was examined by means of an optical microscope at ${\times}20$ magnification. The data was analyzed using a one-way ANOVA and Scheffe's post-hoc test (${\alpha}$=.05). RESULTS. Additional etching groups showed significantly higher values than the no additional etching group when using All-Bond Universal. The light-cured composite resin groups showed significantly higher values than the self-cured composite resin groups in the Clearfil S3 Bond. CONCLUSION. The additional acid etching is beneficial for the dentin bond strength when using low acidic one-step self-etch adhesives, and low acidic one-step self-etch adhesives are compatible with self-cured composite resin. The acidity of the one-step self-etch adhesives is an influencing factor in terms of the dentin bonding strength and incompatibility with a self-cured composite resin.