Recovery time from severe acute malnutrition and associated factors among under-5 children in Yekatit 12 Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study

Mekonen Adimasu,Girum Sebsibie,Fikrtemariam Abebe,Getaneh Baye,Kerebih Abere 한국역학회 2020 Epidemiology and Health Vol.42 No.-

OBJECTIVES: Recovery time from severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is often a neglected topic despite its clinical impact. Although a few studies have examined nutritional recovery time, the length of hospitalization in those studies varied greatly. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the recovery time from SAM and to identify predictors of length of hospitalization among under-5 children. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study was conducted among 423 under-5 children with SAM who had been admitted to Yekatit 12 Hospital. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate time to nutritional recovery, and Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was performed to determine independent predictors. RESULTS: The nutritional recovery rate was 81.3%, and the median recovery time was 15.00 days (95% confidence interval [CI], 13.61 to 16.39). Age, daily weight gain per kilogram of body weight, vaccination status, and the existence of at least 1 comorbidity (e.g., pneumonia, stunting, shock, and deworming) were found to be significant independent predictors of nutritional recovery time. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) for nutritional recovery decreased by 1.9% for every 1-month increase in child age (aHR, 0.98; 95% CI, 0.97 to 0.99). CONCLUSIONS: The overall nutritional recovery time in this study was within the Sphere standards. However, approximately 13.0% of children stayed in the hospital for more than 28.00 days, which is an unacceptably large proportion. Daily weight gain of ≥8 g/kg, full vaccination, and deworming with albendazole or mebendazole reduced nutritional recovery time. Conversely, older age, pneumonia, stunting, and shock increased nutritional recovery time.

공조시스템 용량과 재가동 시작 시간 설정에 따른 실내 열환경 및 에너지 사용량 평가

진산,이찬욱,도성록 대한설비공학회 2023 설비공학 논문집 Vol.35 No.3

An office heating system is intermittently operated according to general occupancy patterns. When the heating system is not operated, the heating load accumulates in the indoor space, causing a decrease in the indoor air temperature. Because of this phenomenon, recovery times are required when the heating system is restarted and are affected by the heating system capacity and restart time. An excessive capacity causes an increase in the recovery time and an insufficient capacity causes an increase in the installation cost. Also, if the heating system restart time is set late, it may cause a worsening of the indoor thermal environment. Conversely, if the restart time is set early, it may cause unnecessary energy usage, therefore, determining the optimal capacity and restart time is important. This study aims to evaluate the recovery time and energy usage according to various heating system capacities and restart times. To achieve this, an energy simulation was implemented using EnergyPlus by varying the heating system capacity and restart time. As a result, the recovery time varied between 46-379 min and the daily energy consumption varied between 636.0-879.7 kWh with various heating system capacities. The recovery time varied between 53-118 min and the daily energy consumption varied between 675.4-869.8 kWh with various heating system restart times.

Effects of the geothermal load on the ground temperature recovery in a ground heat exchanger

Baek, Seung Hyo,Yeo, Myoung Souk,Kim, Kwang Woo Elsevier Sequoia S.A 2017 Energy and buildings Vol.136 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The effects of the geothermal load on the ground temperature recovery in a ground heat exchanger (GHE) were investigated. A three-dimensional equivalent transient GHE analysis model was developed and validated against measured thermal response test (TRT) data and sandbox reference dataset. The effects of amount of geothermal load, duration of the recovery time per day, and daily geothermal load pattern on the ground temperature recovery were examined. The results showed that decreasing the amount of geothermal load and increasing the recovery time can improve the ground temperature recovery. However, there is little correlation between the daily geothermal load pattern and ground temperature recovery. The effects of the geothermal load on ground temperature recovery were also analyzed under different soil thermal conductivity conditions. The duration of the recovery time significantly influences the ground temperature recovery at low soil thermal conductivity. These results demonstrate the importance of considering the recovery time in the GHEs design stage to reduce the borehole length.</P> <P><B>Highlights</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Model of how the geothermal load affects ground temperature recovery. </LI> <LI> Decreasing the geothermal load and increasing the recovery time can improve recovery. </LI> <LI> Recovery time is a significantly influence at low soil thermal conductivity. </LI> <LI> Considering the recovery time can reduce the design length of a borehole. </LI> </UL> </P>

들기/내리기 빈도와 회복시간 변화에 따른 몸통 근육의 피로도 분석

이태용,김정룡,신현주,Lee, Tae-Yong,Kim, Jeong-Ryong,Sin, Hyeon-Ju 대한인간공학회 2006 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.25 No.2

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the cumulative fatigue of trunk muscles and the period of recovery time during repetitive lifting and lowering task with two different frequencies(4 times/min and 6 times/ min). Eight healthy males with no prior history of LBD(low back disorders) volunteered for this study. Subjects had 2, 3, 4, and 5 minutes recovery time respectively while they were preforming the lifting and lowering task at 15% level of MVC. EMG signals from six trunk muscles were collected and the fatigue level was analyzed quantitatively. In results, the fatigue levels of LES(left elector spinae), RLD(right lattissimus dorsi), LLD(left lattissimus dorsi), RRA(right rectus abdominis) and LRA(left rectus abdominis) were recovered when 3 minutes recovery time was given at 4 times/min frequency. However, the fatgue level of RES(right elector spinae) was recovered when 4 minutes recovery was given. On the other hand, when 6 times/min frequency was used, the RLD, LLD, RRA and LRA were recovered at 5 minutes of recovery time. But for RES and LES, it took longer than 5 minutes to be recovered. This results can be applied to design the adequate length of recovery time to control the cumulative fatigue of trunk muscles in industry with repetitive lifting and lowering task.

Spark Streaming 기반 클라우드 시스템에서 실시간 고장 복구를 지원하기 위한 기법들

김정호(Jungho Kim),박대동(Daedong Park),김상욱(Sangwook Kim),문용식(Yongshik Moon),홍성수(Seongsoo Hong) Korean Institute of Information Scientists and Eng 2017 정보과학회논문지 Vol.44 No.5

In a real-time cloud environment, the data analysis framework plays a pivotal role. Spark Streaming meets most real-time requirements among existing frameworks. However, the framework does not meet the second scale real-time fault recovery requirement. Spark Streaming fault recovery time increases in proportion to the transformation history length called lineage. This is because it recovers the last state data based on the cumulative lineage recorded during normal operation. Therefore, fault recovery time is not bounded within a limited time. In addition, it is impossible to achieve a second-scale fault recovery time because it costs tens of seconds to read initial state data from fault-tolerant storage. In this paper, we propose two techniques to solve the problems mentioned above. We apply the proposed techniques to Spark Streaming 1.6.2. Experimental results show that the fault recovery time is bounded and the average fault recovery time is reduced by up to 41.57%.

간헐외사시 수술직후 발생한 과교정의 자연 회복 양상

이정민,신선영.Jeong-Min Lee. M.D.. Sun-Young Shin. M.D. 대한안과학회 2005 대한안과학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Purpose: To assess the factors which are related to recovery time from overcorrection that occurred immediately after surgery. Methods: We reviewed the medical records of intermittent exotropia patients who had undergone bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession from February 2002 to July 2004. Fifty patients who developed overcorrection of less than 20 PD on the immediate postoperative day were included in this study. Age at surgery, sex, refractive power, preoperative deviation angle, Worth 4-dot test, and stereopsis were examined, and we evaluated the correlation between these factors and recovery time. Results: Thirty-six patients (72%) recovered to orthoposition within 4 weeks postoperatively. Significant correlations were found between the recovery time and poor stereopsis (p=0.02), and suppression of the Worth 4-dot test (p=0.01). There was no significant relationship between the recovery time and age at surgery, sex, refractive power, and preoperative deviation angle. Conclusions: In cases of immediate postoperative overcorrection of less than 20 PD after intermittent exotropia surgery, factors related to delayed recovery were poor stereopsis and suppression of the Worth 4-dot test.

Tradeoff between the Output Voltage Deviation and Recovery Time of Boost Converters

Junjie Ge,Liqiang Yuan,Zhengming Zhao,Ting Lu,Fanbo He,Gaohui Feng 전력전자학회 2015 JOURNAL OF POWER ELECTRONICS Vol.15 No.2

The time-optimal control for boost converters can achieve the minimum recovery time. However, their output voltage deviation is quite large. Since the minimum output voltage deviation and minimum recovery time cannot be obtained at the same time, a novel energy control is proposed to achieve a superior tradeoff between them in this paper. The peak value of the inductor current can be decreased as well. Its control parameter is easy to choose. When compared with the conventional control methods, the proposed control shows a better dynamic performance. Experimental results, which are in agreement with the theoretical analysis, are provided to verify the proposed control method.

이상적 조건에서 열차운행 시뮬레이션의 적정 여유율 추정

전완재,이장호 한국철도학회 2023 한국철도학회논문집 Vol.26 No.4

In the planning stage of a railway project, the train operation plan is established by the prediction of running time, but the standard value of the margin rate is not clear and the method of applying the margin rate is different depending on the project. In this study, we estimated the appropriate margin rate and suggested an application method to approximate the actual running time by using the train operation simulation results. As a result of the analysis, when the margin rates of 10% was applied there was still a large difference in high-speed rail or conventional rail. On the other hand, when 3.5 seconds of margin and recovery time per 1 km of travel distance were applied the results showed that a recovery time of 4% was appropriate for high-speed rail and conventional rail. Therefore, it was concluded that the method considering the fixed margin and recovery time does not cause a large difference depending on the line and vehicle type, and it is possible to obtain results close to the actual running time.

전조등에 의한 눈부심 노출 후 시력회복시간 평가

강병도(Byungdo Kang),이호상(Hosang Lee),박경석(Kyoungsuk Park),조경근(Kyungkeun Cho),홍승준(Seungjun Hong) 한국자동차공학회 2007 한국자동차공학회 춘 추계 학술대회 논문집 Vol.- No.-

In this study, eye-recovery time after glare exposure to oncoming headlight was measured increasing illuminance at eye point with various light sources(H4, H7 and HID) and aiming conditions. for measuring eye-recovery time, experimental setup was made up in dark room and used various twelve illumination conditions of light sources and aiming conditions. Different light sources were exposed at subjects for 4 seconds to test people's eye. In case of target of 400% ratio of contrast, it was found that under nominal aiming condition the glare exposures representing halogen and HID bulbs produced similar recovery time. However, with 0.5° of misaim upwards, non-standard HID bulb exposure produced significantly longer recovery time. It showed that total braking distance of car using non-standard bulbs were increased about 27.5m at driving with 80㎞/h.

Development of a method for identifying severe status requiring early entrance of SAMG considering human action time

No, Young Gyu,Lee, Chanyoung,Hur, Seop,Seong, Poong Hyun Elsevier 2018 Annals of nuclear energy Vol.122 No.-

<P><B>Abstract</B></P> <P>The margin of human action time from severe accident management guideline (SAMG) entrance to reactor vessel (RV) failure was analyzed to compare the required human action time and available human action time based on a severe accident DB developed using MAAP 5.02 code. In order to analyze the margin of human action time, dominant initiating accidents are selected, such as small break loss of coolant accident (SBLOCA), medium break (MBLOCA), large break (LBLOCA), and station blackout (SBO) which account for about 80 percent of core damage frequency (CDF), and the worst scenario was selected in each initiating accident. In the analysis of the worst scenarios, it was confirmed that a human might be fail to prevent RV failure due to insufficient action time. Therefore, in this study, a method that can determine the SAMG entry condition in advance was developed by applying the concept of component state to function recovery procedure (FRP). To verify the developed method, a case study was performed based on the scenarios that feed & bleed (F&B) and aggressive cool down (ACD) operations are not successful within limited time after entering the FRP. As a result, the developed strategy flow chart can identify the SAMG entry condition in advance, and provide a human with sufficient action time to mitigate severe accidents. It is expected that the results of this paper can provide some insights for revising the SAMG, or for developing an integrated accident management procedures (IAMPs).</P> <P><B>Highlight</B></P> <P> <UL> <LI> Many researchers have attempted to analyze the SAMG entry condition for PWR. </LI> <LI> The human action time needed to mitigate a severe accident can be insufficient in the worst scenarios. </LI> <LI> A strategy flow chart was developed by applying the concept of component state to functional recovery procedures (FRPs). </LI> <LI> The developed strategy flow chart was verified by the simulations. </LI> </UL> </P>