싱가포르협약상 조정을 통한 국제적 화해합의의 승인 및 집행 : 한국법의 관점

석광현 국제거래법학회 2022 國際去來法硏究 Vol.31 No.2

In 2018, UNCITRAL submitted to the General Assembly a draft convention on international settlement agreements resulting from mediation and at the same time adopted a new model law by revising the then existing Model Conciliation Law. The United Nations Convention on International Settlement Agreements Resulting from Mediation (“Singapore Convention”) was adopted by the General Assembly on 20 December 2018 and entered into force on 12 September 2020. According to current law, since a settlement agreement between the parties through private mediation is a contract, if one of the parties does not comply with the settlement agreement, it can be enforced only by obtaining a title of execution through litigation or arbitration. However, the Singapore Convention expands the function of international commercial mediation and enhances the effectiveness of settlement agreements by giving direct enforceability. The Singapore Convention is in substance “a convention on the recognition and enforcement of international settlement agreements resulting from mediation”. Many domestic and foreign articles and books have already been published on the Singapore Convention. Since Korea has signed the Singapore Convention, it is necessary for Korea to consider whether to ratify it. The Ministry of Justice launched a task force on 10 March 2021 in charge of preparation for a law implementing the Singapore Convention in Korea. The author decided to write this article because the analysis of existing literature on issues of Korean private international law or international civil procedure law, such as the recognition of foreign judgments or arbitral awards and the recognition of domestic arbitral awards, seemed insufficient. First, the concepts of mediation agreement and settlement agreement and the law applicable to those agreements are discussed. This is because there is no basic act on private mediation in Korea, and the concepts of mediation agreement and settlement agreement have not been clearly established. Next, the author focuses on the particularity of the recognition of settlement agreements under the Singapore Convention when compared with the recognition of foreign judgments or foreign arbitral awards and recognition of domestic arbitral awards. This particularity is due to the fact, among others, that a settlement agreement is a contract in nature, and there is no distinction between foreign and domestic settlement agreements because there is no seat of mediation under the Singapore Convention. The Singapore Convention deals with recognition of settlement agreements, without conferring res judicata or any other similar procedural effect to the settlement agreement, by way of disallowing re-litigation on the basis that the matter has already been resolved by the settlement agreement. If so, this does not fall under the concept of recognition under the existing Korean private international law or international civil procedure law; this is a novel concept of recognition. While it is possible for the Singapore Convention to introduce such recognition, it is unfortunate that basic issues such as the effect of the recognition (i.e., whether recognition means prohibition of re-litigation without res judicata effect) and its scope (i.e. the meaning of “matter” resolved) have not been clarified. In terms of Korean law, the recognition of a settlement agreement under the Singapore Convention (i.e., disallowing re-litigation on the ground of a settlement agreement) may be explained as first, the existence of a settlement agreement itself is a negative pre-requisite to suit (negative Prozessvoraussetzung), and second, because there is no interest in bringing a lawsuit. However, both approaches are not fully satisfactory. Moreover, such approaches lead to inconsistencies between the recognition of foreign judgments, foreign arbitral awards, and domestic arbitral awards. The author hopes that with the review of the Singapore Convent...

요양보호사의 인정투쟁과 사회적 인정: Axel Honneth의 인정이론 중심으로

김정희 ( Kim Jung Hui ) 경희대학교 사회과학연구원 2017 社會科學硏究 Vol.43 No.3

본 연구는 Axel Honneth의 인정이론의 관점에서 요양보호사의 돌봄 노동의 사회적 인정과 처우향상 방안을 제안하고자 하였다. 구체적으로 상술하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 요양보호사의 고령화, 시간제 근무 형태, 초과 근무수당 부재 등의 열악한 근무환경은 요양보호사의 도덕적인 인정투쟁 시도조차 어렵게 하는 기제임을 확인하였다. 둘째, ‘파출부’, ‘하찮은 일자리 종사자’ 등의 낙인과 인권침해를 기제로 하는 사회적 인정의 부재함과 인정투쟁 실패를 확인하였다. 셋째, 요양보호사의 사회적 인정 획득 실패 요인을 확인하였다. 첫 번째 실패요인은 요양보호사의 연령과 학력 등을 고려하지 않은 요양보호사 교육원 및 평생교육원의 교육과정 이수 중심의 요양보호사 양성체계이다. 두 번째 실패요인은 요양보호사의 시간제 저임금 돌봄 종사자 양산이다. 세 번째 실패요인으로 요양보호사 근무환경개선의 기제로 작동될 수 있는 노동조합 부재, 노동법 및 사회복지법 등의 제도적 차원 요인이다. 본 연구는 고령화 사회의 노인돌봄사회화를 위한 요양보호사 양성과정의 변혁을 통한 요양보호사의 전문성 획득, 정규직 돌봄 노동자 전환 시도를 위한 사회적 인정 획득을 필요조건으로 제시하였다. 그리고 요양보호사의 전문성 담보를 필요조건으로 하되, 도덕적인 인정투쟁을 토대로 둔 사회적 인정 획득과 노동법 및 사회복지법 규율 적용 확대를 통한 요양보호사의 처우향상을 제언하였다. This study suggests ways to improve social recognition and treatment of care work for care workers from the perspective of Axel Honneth's accreditation theory. This study attempts to find a new direction for the moral viewpoint of recognition struggle that presupposes social recognition for improved treatment of care workers from Axel Honneth's viewpoint of Monistic Theory of Recognition. It also presents the development of care worker‘s recognition struggles, analysis of their success and failure and the requisites for acquiring social recognition. Specific description is as follows. Firstly, it was confirmed that aging of care workers and poor working environment such as part-time work pattern and lack of overtime allowance are the mechanism that make it difficult for the care workers to attempt even moral recognition struggle. Secondly, it was confirmed that care worker‘s failure was due to lack of social recognition accompanied by stigmatization such as 'housekeepers' and 'insignificant workers'. Thirdly, three causes of failure for care workers to obtain social recognition were identified as follows. The first cause is the training system for care workers, which focuses on completing training courses of care worker training institutes and lifelong education centers that do not consider age and education of the care workers. The second factor is the mass production of care workers for part-time low-wage care workers. The third factor of failure is institutional dimension such as the absence of labor union, labor law and social welfare law that can be operated as a mechanism for improvement of working environment of care workers. This study suggested acquisition of professionalism through revolutionary change of training course for care workers to socialize elderly caring in the aging society, social recognition of care workers, and conversion of care workers into full-time care workers as conditions to acquire social recognition. And suggests ways to improve the treatment of care workers through the acquisition of social recognition based on the moral recognition struggle and expansion of the labor laws and social welfare laws.

프리츠커 수상작품 선행연구들에 나타나는 공간인식 경향에 관한 연구

진제스민,이종세,김주연 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.3

(연구배경 및 목적) 건축가가 공간을 구축하고 표현형식을 결정하는데 있어서 공간인식은 중요한 인자로 적용되어진다. 그러나 건축적 행위와 그들의 작품을 대상으로 한 선행연구는 연구자에 의한 공간인식으로 다시 해석될 수 있을 것이다. 1979년부터 시작된 프리츠커 상은 현대 건축의 통시적인 흐름을 보여줄 수 있는 동시에 건축가의 건축적 사고와 관련된 건축세계를 평가하는 상이기 때문에 이는 공간인식과 밀접한 관계가 있다고 간주된다. 따라서 본 연구는 프리츠커 수상자 작품을 대상으로 한 선행연구들을 분석함으로써 통시적 공간인식의 흐름의 경향을 도출하여 후속연구의 사례선정을 위한 기초자료를 마련하는 것을 목적으로 한다. (연구방법 및 범위) 첫째, 공간인식에 대한 이론적 고찰을 통해 연구 기준이 될 공간인식의 분석틀을 마련한다. 둘째, 프리츠커상 수상자들을 대상으로 한 선행연구 조사 범위는 1979년부터 2019년까지의 국내 학위논문과 한국연구재단에 등재된 학술논문을 대상으로 하였으며, 검색 키워드는 수상자 이름이 주제목과 소제목에서 언급되는 범위로 제한하였다. 셋째, 수집된 연구논문은 총 620편이였으며, 공간인식의 분석틀을 적용하여 분류한 뒤에 집계하여 통계적인 분석을 실시하였다. (결과) 프리츠커상 수상자의 선행연구에서 나타난 외재적·내재적 공간인식의 경향은 2010년 이전까지는 큰 격차를 보이다가 이후에는 비등하게 유지되는 현상을 보이고 있다. 또한 10년 단위별 통시적인 공간인식의 경향은 외재적 공간인식의 감소와 내재적 공간인식에 관한 연구가 증가되는 것을 특징을 나타냈다. 마지막으로 선행연구에서 외재적 공간인식의 연구 경향이 분명하거나 강하게 나오는 건축가들은 모두 2000년 이전의 수상자들이였고, 내재적 연구 경향이 분명하게 나오는 건축가들은 2012년 이후, 강하게 나오는 건축가들은 2004년 이후였다. (결론) 프리츠커상 수상자의 선행연구에서 발견된 내재적 공간인식 경향의 결과를 통해 현시대에 건축이 가지는 사유적 의미와 주변 환경과의 관계성의 중요성과 관심을 객관적 분석으로 검증할 수 있었다. 또한 후속 연구와의 연계성과 필요성을 도출할 수 있었으며, 결과 분석에서 선별된 현대건축의 연도별 시기와 수상자를 중심으로 하여 후속 연구의 사례 대상을 선정할 수 있는 근거를 획득하였다. (Background and Purpose) Spatial recognition is an important factor for architects to construct spaces and to determine the form of expression. However, preceding studies on architectural acts and their works could be reinterpreted in terms of spatial recognition by researchers. Because the Pritzker Prize, which began in 1979, shows the trend of modern architecture and evaluates the architectural world related to architect's architectural thinking, this is considered to be closely related to spatial recognition. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to derive the trend of temporal spatial recognition by analyzing the preceding studies on the works of Fritzker winners and to prepare the basic data for the case selection of the follow-up study. (Method) First, through the theoretical consideration of spatial recognition, an analysis framework of spatial recognition is prepared. Second, the scope of the preceding studies on Fritzker Prize winners was based on the domestic thesis and academic paper listed in Korean Research Foundation from 1979 to 2019, and searching keyword were limited to those mentioned in the subject and subtitle under the winner's name. Third, 620 studies were collected, and statistical analysis was performed after classifying by applying the analysis framework of spatial recognition. (Results) The trend of extrinsic and intrinsic spatial recognition in the preceding studies of the Fritzker Prize winners showed a big gap before 2010, and then remained analogous afterwards. In addition, the diachronic trend of integrated spatial recognition by 10-year unit is characterized by the decrease of the extrinsic spatial recognition(EAS) and the increase of the intrinsic spatial recognition(IAS). Finally, the architects who showed clear or strong trends in the extrinsic spatial recognition(EAS) were winners before 2000, but architects with clear trends in the intrinsic spatial recognition(IAS) have been since 2012, and architects with strong trends in the intrinsic spatial recognition have been since 2004. (Conclusions) Through the results of the intrinsic spatial recognition tendency found in the Fritzker Prize winner's preceding studies, it was able to objectively verify that the importance and interest of the thinking significance of architecture and its relationship with the surrounding environment is increasing. In addition, given the increasing interest in urban and environmental issues of the present age, it is expected that the phenomenon of increased intrinsic spatial recognition(IAS) will continue. As a result, it was possible to derive linkage and necessity with the follow-up studies, and to obtain the justification for selecting case targets of follow-up studies based on the time of year and winners of the selected modern architecture in the analysis of results.

Improving Unconstrained Iris Recognition Performance via Domain Adaptation Metric Learning Method

Yan Fei,Zhou Changjiu,Tian Yantao 보안공학연구지원센터 2016 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.10 No.5

To improve unconstrained iris recognition system performance in different environments, a performance improvement method of unconstrained iris recognition based on domain adaptation metric learning is proposed. A kernel matrix is calculated as the solution of domain adaptation metric learning. The known Hamming distance computing by intra-class and inter-class is used as the optimization learning constraints in the process of iris recognition. An optimal Mahalanobis matrix is computed for certain cross-environment system, then distance between two iris samples is redefined. The experimental results indicate that the proposed method can increase the accuracy of the unconstrained iris recognition in different circumstances, improving the classification ability of iris recognition system.

공ㆍ사의 인정이론적 경계 긋기 -악셀 호네트에서 사랑의 인정을 중심으로-

장성빈 한국사회와철학연구회 2020 사회와 철학 Vol.0 No.39

One of the achievements of modern feminist theory is that it brought the affair of the home into the public realm and considered it as ‘problematically’. As the slogan of “second wave feminism”, which speaks about “private is political”, love is no longer free from the discourse of justice. On the other hand, we still have a sense that privacy is important to our personal lives. The task of defining the proper line between these two positions is an crucial. In the struggle for recognition, Axel Honneth reinterprets Hegel's theory of recognition into the modern one and establishes three forms of recognition: love, rights and solidarity. Recognition is an indispensable condition for a good life that the individual's ‘good life’ is only possible when the recognition for each of these three forms of recognition are fulfilled. The ambiguity that is presented in the form of recognition of love, however, delays the completion of this project. Feminist theorists, who try to establish a new division, criticize the model of Honneth. Honneth’s model of recognition of love seems to repeat the history of “male-centered” division. By showing that the form of recognition is not limited to the material place, this paper seeks to relieve the Honneth’s recognition theory from the criticism and explores the concept of caring, which has been presented as a unique attitude of love, as the possibility of recognition theory on public and private distinction.

Multimodal Biometric Recognition System for Cloud Robots

Shuqing Tian,Sung Gyu Im,Suk Gyu Lee 보안공학연구지원센터 2015 International Journal of Security and Its Applicat Vol.9 No.7

This paper presents a Multimodal Biometric Recognition System (MBRS) which is capable of integrating various biometric information for person recognition. The MBRS is deployed as a cloud server and provides person recognition service for smart robots. Through the experiments based on multimodal biometric traits, the fact that the multimodal biometric recognition performs better than individual biometric recognition has been proved. In our approach, the implementation of a multimodal biometric recognition system based on face recognition system and voice recognition system is proposed. The MBRS provides the possibility of integrating multi biometric subsystems to do recognition. Even more, since the MBRS is deployed as a cloud server, the public interfaces were provided for the robots to do real-time person recognition. The experimental results show that the MBRS outperforms any individual face recognition subsystem and voice recognition subsystem.

Comparison of Computer and Human Face Recognition According to Facial Components

Nam, Hyun-Ha,Kang, Byung-Jun,Park, Kang-Ryoung Korea Multimedia Society 2012 멀티미디어학회논문지 Vol.15 No.1

Face recognition is a biometric technology used to identify individuals based on facial feature information. Previous studies of face recognition used features including the eye, mouth and nose; however, there have been few studies on the effects of using other facial components, such as the eyebrows and chin, on recognition performance. We measured the recognition accuracy affected by these facial components, and compared the differences between computer-based and human-based facial recognition methods. This research is novel in the following four ways compared to previous works. First, we measured the effect of components such as the eyebrows and chin. And the accuracy of computer-based face recognition was compared to human-based face recognition according to facial components. Second, for computer-based recognition, facial components were automatically detected using the Adaboost algorithm and active appearance model (AAM), and user authentication was achieved with the face recognition algorithm based on principal component analysis (PCA). Third, we experimentally proved that the number of facial features (when including eyebrows, eye, nose, mouth, and chin) had a greater impact on the accuracy of human-based face recognition, but consistent inclusion of some feature such as chin area had more influence on the accuracy of computer-based face recognition because a computer uses the pixel values of facial images in classifying faces. Fourth, we experimentally proved that the eyebrow feature enhanced the accuracy of computer-based face recognition. However, the problem of occlusion by hair should be solved in order to use the eyebrow feature for face recognition.

김지하 시의 공간의식 연구 : 불귀ㆍ미귀ㆍ귀무를 중심으로

이영숙(Lee Young-sook),이승하(Lee Seung-ha) 韓國批評文學會 2009 批評文學 Vol.- No.33

The author of this article makes the study of the space recognition in Kim Ji-ha’s poetry. The space recognition means the self - consciousness in a space. In poetry, it means the directivity of a poet shown by the mutual relations between literature and the realities of life. Generally, it is thought that Kim Ji-ha is the poet consistent in a poetry, a thought and a life style in position of the crossing between historicity and feature of the times because his poetry and his attitude show three images concerning on him ; the image of a militant struggling against the reality of 70s, the image of a person with ecological thought coping with environmental crisis as the global issue of 80s, and the image of a culture campaigner to construct Shinsi(神市), a city which a mythic founder of Korea built in ancient times, around the second millennium. So, the reputation of his poetry has never gone beyond this boundary up to now. In spite of the existing studies, this article focuses on the wanderer recognition and then, his space recognition is divided into three kinds such as Bulgwi, Migwi, and Gwimu. Bulgwi(不歸) means the disability to come back, Migwi(未歸) does no will to come back, and Gwimu(歸無) does the impossibility of no way to come back. And, this article develops by regarding a space as a original but lost one. The difference between this article and the existing studies on Kim Ji -ha as well as the studies on the space recognition of other poets’ poetry is the uniqueness of the poetic space in his poetry. A poet’s inner recognition is based on the subject - consciousness and directivity, linguistic features, emotional responds, the way of life, and so on. Besides, a philosophical view and features of the times as the external background of writings are at its base as well. These take both compound and unitary forms of spaces and they act on most poets as the intimate space recognition. In other words, the distance between space and space recognition changes the feature of space recognition. Unlike the former classification of a space, it is possible that his poetic space will be divided into three other kinds such as the space of an upset and disobedience, the space of reconstruction and the discovery of lives, and the space of fatal leap. However, it is impossible to explain the wanderer recognition(or homecoming recognition) piercing his poetry if the latter classification is applied. Bulgwi, Migwi, and Gwimu seek after the return to the original forms of human beings and society(原始返本). So, his abstract space which wouldn’t be restored in reality despite of the trials to restore has partially religious features. This point appeared remarkably as well when he struggled against the political oppression of 70s. However, his religious features dealt with this article are not equal to two religions such as Jeungsangyo(甑山敎) and Donghak(東學) based on his thought, but come in touch with the wanderer recognition, which pursues ‘a restless journey’ instead of ‘a short trip’. Therefore, his space recognition developed by the wanderer recognition is extended universally according to the stream of time.

인정투쟁으로서의 부부갈등

정연득 한국목회상담학회 2023 목회와 상담 Vol.41 No.-

이 논문은 악셀 호네트(Axel Honneth)의 인정투쟁 이론을 통해 부부갈등을 이해하는 관점을 제시하고자 연구되었다. 사회적 무시를 극복하고 새로운 상호인정 관계를 형성하고자 노력하는 인정투쟁 이론에는 부부를 위한 목회상담과 목회신학을 위한 중요한 통찰이 담겨있다. 헤겔에게서 인정이론의 기초를 발견한 호네트는 조지 허버트 미드(George Herbert Mead)의 사회심리학을 통해 인정투쟁의 사회과학적 기초를 마련한다. 호네트는 타자와의 관계를 통해 형성되는 목적격 나(me)와 이와 대립하면서 자기의 고유함을 주장하는 주격 나(I) 사이에는 창조적 변화를 촉발하는 인정투쟁이 일어난다고 보았다. 호네트에 의하면 인정투쟁이 발생하는 사회적 상호작용의 영역은 정서적 유대, 권리의 인정, 공동의 가치 지향이다. 호네트는 이 영역들에서 이루어지는 다양한 경험을 ‘사랑’과 ‘권리’와 ‘연대’라고 하는 세 가지 형태의 상호주관적 인정 경험의 유형들로 구별한다. 이 상호주관적 인정 경험의 영역들에서 인정이 아닌 무시가 경험될 경우, 인정관계를 회복하고 얻어내고자 하는 인정투쟁이 발생한다. 이 세 가지 인정 경험의 유형들은 부부치료 현장에서 중요하게 고려할 필요가 있다. 상호주관적 인정관계는 부부관계의 핵심을 이루는 것이며, 인정투쟁은 상호인정에 기초한 부부의 상호주관성에 상처가 발생했다는 표시이며, 그 상호주관성을 회복하고자 하는 시도로 이해할 수 있다. 상호주관적 인정투쟁의 관점은 부부를 돕는 목회상담 현장에도 중요한 의미를 지닌다. 목회상담자는 부부갈등을 문제로 보는 것이 아니라 상호주관적 인정욕구의 좌절로 인해 발생한 불안에 대처하기 위해 발전시킨 증상으로 이해할 때 부부를 도울 수 있는 중요한 치료적 관점을 얻을 수 있다. 이 관점에서 볼 때, 인정투쟁으로서의 부부갈등은 목회상담자의 지혜로운 안내에 따라 상호인정으로 나아가는 창조적 에너지로 사용될 가능성을 품고 있다. 목회신학적 관점에서 이해할 때, 인정투쟁을 통해 상호주관성을 회복하고자 하는 부부의 분투는 상호주관적 관계 속에 존재하시는 하나님의 형상을 회복하는 여정으로 이해할 수 있다. This paper presents a perspective for understanding marital conflicts using Axel Honneth's struggle for recognition theory. The theory of the struggle for recognition, which strives to overcome social disrespect and construct new relationships of mutual recognition, contains rich insights for pastoral counseling and pastoral theology for couples. Honneth presents the struggle for recognition not as a mere speculative pursuit but as a powerful practical and normative perspective that has much to do with contemporary society. Drawing upon George Herbert Mead, Honneth attempts to present a social scientific formulation of the struggle for recognition as the process of asserting one's uniqueness while being formed through the influences of others. According to Honneth, the areas of social interaction where struggles for recognition occur are emotional bonds, recognition of rights, and endowment of social value. These three areas can be co nceptualized as three types of intersubjective recognition: love, rights, and solidarity. When social disrespect rather than recognition is experienced in these areas of intersubjective recognition, individuals struggle to restore and obtain recognition in relationships. In couple relationships, a struggle for recognition can be seen as a sign that some disrespect has occurred in the couple's intersubjective recognition and as an attempt to restore their intersubjectivity. Moreover, pastoral counselors can gain an important therapeutic perspective that can help couples understand marital conflict not as a problem but as a struggle for recognition. When considered to be a struggle for recognition, marital conflict has the potential to be used as creative energy to move toward mutual recognition under the wise guidance of pastoral counselors. Regarding pastoral theology, the attempt to recover intersubjectivity through the struggle for recognition can be understood as a journey to recover the image of the Triune God who exists in intersubjective relationships.

도시적 여성 혐오에 나타난 왜곡된 "인정"의 논리-과열된 성취인정과 인정의 이데올로기화를 중심으로-

이현재 ( Lee Hyun-jae ) 한국철학사상연구회 2016 시대와 철학 Vol.27 No.3

오늘날 우리사회의 여성혐오는 "도시화"라는 사회적 맥락과 더불어 가시화되고 있다. 서비스 노동이 도시 노동의 핵심이 됨에 따라 여성들은 정보·기술집약적 "하이-테크 서비스업"이나 친밀성과 경제적 거래를 혼합하는 "하이-터치 서비스업"에 종사하게 되었으며, 이로써 여성들은 공/사, 생산/재생산의 이분법적 젠더 구분을 교란하는 새로운 주체로 부상하게 되었다. 반면 신자유주의적 도시경제 속에서 남성뿐 아니라 여성과 경쟁하게 된 남성들은 남성성의 위기를 느끼게 되고 이에 새롭게 부상한 여성 주체에 반발하게 된다. 즉 남성들은 젠더구분을 교란하는 여성을 "비체"로 규정하여 혐오하게 되며, 이러한 여성혐오는 도시적인 소통매체인 인터넷의 확산과 함께 급속하게 가시화된다. 더욱 흥미로운 점은 여성혐오의 핵심 집단으로 등장한 일간베스트저장소 유저들(일베)은 오히려 자신들이 무시되거나 역차별 받고 있으며 따라서 자신들에게 정당한 인정이 주어져야 한다고 주장한다. 그렇다면 이들 역시 인정투쟁을 벌이고 있는 것인가? 이에 필자는 악셀 호네트의 인정이론을 도입하는 가운데 일베의 여성혐오가 왜곡된 ``인정``의 이해에서 비롯된 것임을 밝히고자 한다. 우선 일베 유저들은 과열된 "성취인정"의 욕망에 따른다. 오늘날 자본주의 시장은 개인이 노동과정에서 끊임없이 자신의 개성과 독특성을 계발하도록 부추기고 있으며 이럴 때 그 사람의 경제적 가치를 인정을 제공하도록 구성되고 있다. 지상의 명령이 된 "자기계발"은 개인으로 하여금수단과 방법을 가리지 않고 자신의 우월성을 증명하는 데 집착하도록 만들며(주목경쟁), 타자를 열등한 것으로 배제하거나 혐오하도록 조장한다. 뿐만 아니라 일베 유저들은 인정을 "이데올로기화" 한다. 그들은 인정을 실현할 제도적, 물질적 장치를 마련하는 일을 방기함으로써 결과적으로는 기존의 지배적 남성성을 재생산하고 물화시키게 되며, 제도적, 물질적 변화를 주장하는 여성들을 혐오하게 된다는 것이다. 과열된 성취인정과 인정의 이데올로기화에 근거한 일베의 인정 요구는 결국 "상호인정", "권리의 주체 및 내용의 확장", "정체성 물화의 극복", "문화적/물질적 인정"라는 규범적 인정의 방향을 거스르고 있으며, 따라서 도덕적으로 정당화될 수 없다. The sexual hatred, specially misogyny is the predominant emotion in contemporary Korean urban society. Today`s misogyny in our society has become visible again with the social context of the "urbanization". In the urban context of neoliberal capitalist economic and dismantling of the gender dichotomy, men`s fear is projected to women in the form of misogyny and the misogyny is spreading rapidly through the most urban media, internet. Ironically, many groups of women haters, specially Ilbe users express and justify their behavior, using the rhetoric of recognition such as ignoring and discrimination. So I first show that it contains a strong desire for recognition that appeals to their sense ignored, introducing the theory of recognition of Axel Honneth. And then I argue that Ilbe user`s strong desire for recognition is due to achievement principle of neoliberal form of labor in which Individuals are only recognized when they show their autonomous individuality and creative abilities. So individuals are addicted to the struggle for "recognition of achievement". Nowadays the command of the "self-development" is applied not only the sphere of labor, but also the urban life in general. But this form of struggle is a misuse of recognition, insofar as it injuries the norm of mutual recognition. Thirdly I focus on the other misuse of recognition by the group of women haters, namely "ideological recognition". The ideological recognition is not using recognition as a liberating mechanism to constitute a new identity, but as a conservative base on which existing dominant identities or orders are reproduced. Men with the fear of loosing the struggle for achievement try to depend on the dominant masculinity of ideological gender dualism to prove their superiority over women. In other words, they want to secure their masculinity and superiority through the ideological recognition and ignore or dislike the new female subject that disturbed them in the process. Finally, I will claim that the normative form of recognition have to meet the conditions of progress such as "mutual recognition", "expansion of autonomy", "overcoming the reification", "cultural/material recognition" in order to prevent the group of haters from misusing recognition struggle and being conservatized.