외상 후 정서 척도의 개발과 심리측정적 속성

주은,조용래 한국인지행동치료학회 2018 인지행동치료 Vol.18 No.4

A preliminary study and two main studies were conducted to develop a Post-Traumatic Emotion Scale (PTES) assessing several kinds of emotions which trauma experienced feel after traumas, and to examine its psychometric properties. In a preliminary study, 66 preliminary items were developed on the basis of the previous studies, literature review, and in-depth interviews, and 50 items were then selected using experts’ examination of content validity. In Study 1, exploratory factor analyses(EFAs) were conducted on the responses of the 50 items collected from a sample of trauma experiencers consisting of undergraduate students, fire fighters, police officers, and others(n=232). The results of EFAs revealed an eight-factor structure representing fear, shame, guilt, anger, betrayal, anxiety, alienation, and helplessness. After considering subscale reliability and factor interpretability, a total of 24 items consisting of 3 items loading highly on each factor, were finally selected. In Study 2, confirmatory factor analyses(CFAs) were subjected to the data from an independent sample of 233 trauma experiencers. The results of CFAs indicated that the 8-factor structure of the PTES was replicated in Study 2. Its internal consistency, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and other construct validity were good. In conclusion, these results suggest that the PTES is a reliable and valid instrument to assess various negative emotions related to traumas. 외상 경험자들이 외상 후에 느끼는 다양한 종류의 정서를 평가하는 외상 후 정서 척도를 개발하고, 이 척도의 심리측정적 속성을 검증하기 위해 예비연구와 두 가지 본 연구를 수행하였다. 예비연구에서는 선행연구와 문헌 리뷰, 심층면접을 통해 66개의 1차 예비문항들을 구성한 다음, 전문가들의 내용타당도 검증을 걸쳐 50개 문항을 2차 예비문항들로 선정하였다. 연구 1에서는 대학생, 소방관, 경찰관 등 232명의 외상 경험자들을 대상으로 50개 예비문항에 관해 수집한 응답 자료에 대해 탐색적 요인분석을 적용한 결과, 8개의 요인(공포, 수치심, 죄책감, 분노, 배신감, 불안, 소외감, 무력감)이 추출되었다. 나아가, 각 요인의 해석 가능성과 하위척도의 내적 일치도를 고려하고, 각 요인별로 요인 부하량이 높은 3개 문항씩을 선발하여 최종적으로 24개 문항의 척도를 구성하였다. 연구 2에서는 연구 1에서 보고된 8요인구조가 연구 2의 독립된 표본에서 교차 타당화 되는지 여부와, 외상 후 정서 척도의 내적 일치도와 타당도를 검증하고자 하였다. 대학생, 소방관, 경찰관 등 233명의 외상 경험자들을 대상으로 수집된 자료에 대해 확인적 요인분석을 실시한 결과, 연구 1과 동일한 요인구조가 도출되었으며, 양호한 수준의 내적 일치도와 수렴, 변별 및 구성 타당도를 나타냈다. 따라서 본 연구의 결과들은 외상 후 정서 척도가 외상과 관련된 다양한 부정적 정서들을 평가하는 신뢰롭고 타당한 검사도구임을 시사한다.

The WHO Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale: Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version

김지혜,이은호,정유숙 대한신경정신의학회 2013 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.10 No.1

Objective A self-report scale of adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, the World Health Organization (WHO) Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale (ASRS) was developed and demonstrated good psychometric properties. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the psychometric properties of the ASRS in Korean samples. Methods The ASRS includes 18 questions regarding the frequency of recent DSM-IV Criterion A symptoms of adult ADHD. We examined the factor structure, internal consistency, and convergent validity of the ASRS in Korean samples. Results The ASRS demonstrated good internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Correlations between the ASRS and other adult ADHD measures were high, providing evidence of convergent validity. A subsequent exploratory factor analysis indicated that a two-factor solution provided the best fit. Conclusion It is expected that this scale would be helpful in clinical settings and research in Korea.

시험에 대한 자동적 사고 질문지: 개발 및 심리측정적 속성

조성현,조용래 한국임상심리학회 2012 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.31 No.1

Based on the cognitive approach to test anxiety, we conducted two studies in order to develop the Automatic Thoughts of Test Questionnaire (ATTQ) to assess cognitive content associated with test anxiety and to examine its psychometric properties. In Study 1, 95 preliminary items were initially drawn from automatic thoughts collected with the thought-listing method, as well as from existing scales of test anxiety, and then 37 items were selected through an examination of content validity. The preliminary 37-item version of the ATTQ was administered to 223 undergraduate students during an actual test. The final version of the ATTQ consisted of 21 items that were selected using a series of exploratory factor analyses. Factor analyses of the ATTQ revealed a five-factor structure: ‘Negative Prediction of Test Scores’, ‘Catastrophic Interpretation of Test Results’, ‘Concerns about Others’ Negative Evaluation’, ‘Worry about Unexpected Questions on an Exam’, and ‘Fear of Having One's Mind Go Blank’. Study 2 aimed to replicate the initial factor structure found in Study 1 and to examine the reliability and validity of the ATTQ in a sample of 292 undergraduate students. Confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the correlated five-factor model had a better goodness-of-fit than other models. The ATTQ showed high internal consistency, acceptable test-retest reliability over a five-week period, and good convergent, criterion, and incremental validity. Consistent with the cognitive model of test anxiety, automatic thoughts as measured by the ATTQ partially mediated the association between cognitive test anxiety and state anxiety during an actual test, thus providing support for its construct validity. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the ATTQ is a highly reliable and valid instrument for assessing the automatic thoughts associated with test anxiety in undergraduate students. Finally, the theoretical and clinical implications as well as the limitations of the present research were discussed.

Development, Reliability and Factor Structure of a Korean Perceived Restorativeness Scale Using Forest Users

신원섭,연평식 한국산림과학회 2008 한국산림과학회지 Vol.97 No.2

The Korean version of Perceived Restorativeness Scale was administered to 150 SanEumRecreational Forest visitors to investigate it's psychometric properties. Factor analysis revealed that the scaleconsists primarily of four factors related to compatibility, preference, being away and coherence. Theinternal consistency of the scale was positive. Based on these tests, it appears that the scale is a soundmeasure of restorativeness or psychological health benefits from forest experience.Key words

Reliability and Validity of the Korean Version of Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale, DSM-5 Version-Parent Form

Eun Sol Lee,Vin Ryu,Jungwon Choi,Yunhye Oh,Jin Woong Yoon,Hyeree Han,Hyeon Hong,Hye Jung Son,Ji Hyun Lee,Subin Park 대한신경정신의학회 2022 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.19 No.11

Objective Disruptive behavior disorder (DBD) adversely impacts children and adolescents. However, a comprehensive and cost-effective scale to assess DBD is lacking in Korea. Therefore, this study translated the Disruptive Behavior Disorders Rating Scale (DBDRS) into Korean and analyzed its psychometric properties.Methods Parents and primary caregivers of non-clinical (n=429) and clinical (n=28) children and adolescents aged 6–15 years were included in the analysis. Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted; further, concurrent validity and internal consistency were investigated using correlation analysis and Cronbach’s alpha, respectively. Furthermore, discriminative capacity was estimated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis.Results The four-factor model of K-DBDRS showed good model fit indices and factor loadings, which supported the construct validity of the scale. Strong correlations between K-DBDRS and related measurements were observed, and a robust level of Cronbach’s alpha was confirmed (0.891–0.933). The discriminative capacity of the scale was good, based on the area under the curve values (0.933–0.953).Conclusion This study indicated that the K-DBDRS is an appropriate screening tool for Korean children and adolescents. Thus, this scale can be applied in clinical and community settings to identify children and adolescents with disruptive behavior disorders.

Development, Reliability and Factor Structure of a Korean Perceived Restorativeness Scale Using Forest Users

Shin, Won Sop,Yeoun, Poung Sik Korean Society of Forest Science 2008 한국산림과학회지 Vol.97 No.2

The Korean version of Perceived Restorativeness Scale was administered to 150 SanEum Recreational Forest visitors to investigate it's psychometric properties. Factor analysis revealed that the scale consists primarily of four factors related to compatibility, preference, being away and coherence. The internal consistency of the scale was positive. Based on these tests, it appears that the scale is a sound measure of restorativeness or psychological health benefits from forest experience.

한국판 불안통제 질문지의 심리측정적 속성

조용래,김은정 한국임상심리학회 2004 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.23 No.2

A lack of perceived control is known to be a psychological vulnerability to emotional disorders such as anxiety disorders. This article described four studies examining the psychometric properties of a Korean version of the Anxiety Control Questionnaire (ACQ) developed recently to assess perceived control over external threats and internally generated emotional and bodily reactions. In Study 1, the results of factor analyses of the K-ACQ revealed a two-factor solution - “a sense of uncontrollability over anxiety-related events” and “perceived control over anxiety-related events” - , which was then replicated in an independent sample. The results of Study 2 demonstrated good test-retest reliability over both two- and four-week periods. In Study 3, the K-ACQ correlated more strongly with a measure of anxiety than did the Rotter Internal-External Locus of Control Scale, a more global measure of perceived control. In Study 4, perceived anxiety control measured with the K-ACQ was shown to be significantly predictive of anxiety symptoms after the effect of life stress was controlled. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the K-ACQ is a highly reliable, valid measure to assess perceived control over anxiety-related events.

The Psychometric Properties of the Korean Version of the Verbal Abuse Questionnaire in University Students

Bumseok Jeong,SangWon Lee,JongSun Lee,JaeHyun Yoo,KoWoon Kim,Sooyun Cho,JeeYoung Ahn,Jeewook Choi 대한신경정신의학회 2015 PSYCHIATRY INVESTIGATION Vol.12 No.2

Objective-The aim of the present study was to examine the psychometric properties of the Korean Verbal Abuse Questionnaire (K-VAQ) that consists of 15 items related with life-time verbal aggression exposure. Methods-A total of 5814 university students who agreed to take part in the study completed the K-VAQ, the Korean version of the Life Event CheckList (LEC-K) and Impact of Event Scale-Revised (K-IES-R). Internal consistency was checked by using item-total item correlation and Cronbach’s alpha coefficient. Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were performed, and convergent and concurrent validity levels were examined. Finally, a cluster analysis was conducted to verify the validity of the cutoff point of the K-VAQ. Results-The Cronbach’s alpha correlation coefficient was 0.9. The K-VAQ showed a single factor structure which explained 55.34% of the total variance. The K-VAQ was significantly associated with the LEC-K (r=0.24) and K-IES-R (r=0.28), indicating good convergent validity and concurrent validity. The cluster analysis provided four clusters of trauma experiences: high, moderate, low, and minimal, with K-VAQ ranges of 43–81, 20–42, 7–19, and 0–6, respectively. In a further investigation, a K-VAQ score of 40 was found to be the appropriate cutoff point to delineate the highly verbally abused group, as used in the previous studies. A sum of 36.5% of the highly verbally abused group reported to show substantial symptoms of PTSD (K-IES-R score >22). Conclusion-The present findings suggest that the K-VAQ has good psychometric properties for assessing verbal aggression among the Korean population.

정서조절곤란의 평가: 한국판 척도의 심리측정적 속성

조용래 한국임상심리학회 2007 Korean Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol.26 No.4

There is an increasing attention to the importance of emotion dysregulation in the development, maintenance, and treatment of mental disorders. This article described two studies examining the psychometric properties of a Korean version of the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale(DERS) recently developed to comprehensively assess emotion dysregulation among adults. In Study 1, the results of factor analyses of the K-DERS revealed a six-factor solution - “impulse control difficulties,” “lack of attention to and awareness of emotions,” “nonacceptance of emotions,” “lack of emotional clarity,” “limited access to emotion regulation strategies,” and “difficulties in engaging in goal-directed behavior”, respectively. In Study 2, the six-factor structure was largely replicated in an independent sample. In addition, the results revealed high internal consistency, adequate test-retest reliability over a two-week period, good convergent, discriminant, criterion-related, and incremental validity of the K-DERS. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the K-DERS is a highly reliable, valid measure to assess general and specific aspects of emotion dysregulation.

The Factorial Structure and Psychometric Properties of the Persian Effort-Reward Imbalance Questionnaire

Babamiri, Mohammad,Siegrist, Johannes,Zemestani, Mehdi Occupational Safety and Health Research Institute 2018 Safety and health at work Vol.9 No.3

Background: With global changes in the current state of work and employment, the role of health-adverse psychosocial work environments has received increasing attention in developed as well as in rapidly developing countries. Thus, there is a need to apply valid measurement tools for monitoring and preventive purposes. This study aims to examine the factorial structure and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the effort-reward imbalance (ERI) questionnaire, assessing one of the internationally leading concepts of stressful work. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study of a random sample of 202 white collar employees in an industrial company in Iran analyzes the ERI scales by exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. Moreover, aspects of construct and criterion validity are tested. To this end, correlations of ERI scales with subscales of organizational injustice, a complementary work stress model, and also the correlations of ERI scales with a questionnaire assessing psychosomatic symptoms are performed. Results: Internal consistency of the three ERI scales was satisfactoryy (Cronbach ${\alpha}$ effort: 0.76, reward: 0.79, overcommitment: 0.75). Fit indices of confirmatory factor analsis pointed to an adequate representation of the theoretical construct (e.g., adjusted goodness of fit index (AGFI): 0.73, goodness of fit index (GFI): 0.78). Negative correlations with subscales of organizational injustice supported the notion of construct validity of the ERI scales, and positive correlations of ERI scales with psychosomatic symptoms indicated preliminary criterion validity. Conclusion: The Persian version of the ERI questionnaire has acceptable psychometric properties and can be used as a valid instrument in research on this topic.