항균성 물질을 생산하는 Penicillium sp. KAC 균주의 배양적 특성에 따른 항균 활성

도은수,심성철,백수봉 建國大學校附設 農業資源開發硏究所 1998 農資源開發論集 Vol.20 No.-

Abstract The streai of Penicillium sp. KAC previously shown strong antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2 was cultured in liquid media on the different growth conditions. After the liquid culrures of Penicillium sp. KAC strain were filtrated, their antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2 were compared through growing Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2 on potato dextrose agar amended with different culture filtrates. Depending on the media for the growth of Penicillium sp. KAC, the culture filtrate from potato dextrose broth showed the highest antifungal activity with inhibition efficiencies of 94.3% and 71.1% against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2, respectively. Depending on the growth periods of Penicillium sp. KAC, the culture filtrate from 7 day showed the highest antifungal activity with inghibition efficiencies of 100.0% and 100.0% against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2, respectively. Depending on the temperatures for the growth of Penicillium sp. KAC. the culture filtrate form 20℃ showed the highest antifungal activity with inhibition efficiencies of 92.9% and 94.2% against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2, respectively. Depending on the pH of the media for growth of Penicillium sp. KAC. the culture filtrate form pH 7.0 showed the highest antifungal activity with inhibition efficiencies of 85.7% and 94.2% against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2, respectively. Depending on the glucose contents of media for the growth of Penicillium sp. KAC, the culture filtrate form 30g of glucose content showed the highest antifungal activity with inhibition efficiencies of 69.6% and 43.5% against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2, respectively. However, there was no effect of nitrate contents amended in media used for the growth of Penicillium sp. KAC. on the inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2. The strain of Penicillium sp. KAC previously shown strong antifungal activity against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2 was cultured in liquid media on the different growth conditions. After the liquid cultures of Penicillium sp. KAC strain were filtrated, their antifungal activities against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2 were compared through growing Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2 on potato dextrose agar amended with different culture filtrates. Depending on the media for the growth of Penicillium sp. KAC, the culture filtrate from potato dextrose broth showed the highest antifungal activity with inhibition efficiencies of 94.3% and 71.1% against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2, respectively. Depending on the growth periods of Penicillium sp. KAC, the culture filtrate from 7 day showed the highest antifungal activity with inhibition efficiencies of 100.0% and 100.0% against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2, respectively. Depending on the temperatures for the growth of Penicillium sp. KAC. the culture filtrate from 20℃ showed the highest antifungal activity with inhibition efficiencies of 92.9% and 94.2% aganist Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2 , respectively. Depending on the pH of media for the growth of Penicillium sp. KAC, the culuture filtrate from pH 7.0 showed the highest. antifungal activity with inhibition efficiencies of 85.7% and 94.2% against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2, respectively. Depending on the glucose contents of media for the growth of Penicillium sp. KAC, the culture fi1trate from 3Og of glucose content showed the highest antifui1gal activity with inhibition efficiencies of 69.6% and 43.5% against Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2, respectively. However, there was no effect of nitrate contents amended in media used for the growth of Penicillium sp. KAC on the inhibition of Rhizoctonia solani AG 1-1 and AG 2-2.

Penicillium sp. KJ 81에 의한 Erythritol 생산 최적 배양 조건

이광준,임재윤 한국미생물학회 2002 미생물학회지 Vol.38 No.4

Erythritol is of interest as a low calorie sweetner. Penicillium sp. KJ8l was screened for erythritol producer in nature. The effect of culture conditions on erythritol production by Penicillium sp. KJ81 was examined. This strain produced about 12 g/l erythritol and a small amout of glycerol. Erythritol was not produced from mannitol, arabinose, sorbitol, and xylose but from glucose, sucrose, fructose, mannose, lactose, maltose, and galactose. This strain was able to produce erythritol in a medium containing 60% sucrose but demonstrated the highest productivity of erythritol in a 30% sucrose medium. The highest yield in Penicillium sp. KJ8l was obtained when 0.5% ammonium sulfate was added to the medium containing 30% sucrose and 0.5% yeast extract. Penicillium sp. KJ81 produced 28.2 g/l erythritol when this strain was cultured in the medium containing 30% sucrose, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5%$(NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4}$ 0.1% $KH_{2}PO_{4}$ and 0.01% $MgCl_{2}$ under the condition of 1 vvm aeration and 200 rpm agitation at $37^{\circ}C$ for 10 days in 5ι jar fermentor. Erythritol은 저 칼로리 건강 감미 물질로서 우리는 이미 자연계로부터 폭넓은 탐색을 통하여 Penicillium sp. KJ8l을 분리, 동정하였다. 본 연구에서는 Penicillium sp. KJ8l의 erythritol 생산을 위한 최적 배양 조건을 검토하였다. 이 균주는 기질로서 glucose, sucrose, fructose, mannose, lactose, maltose 그리고 galactose를 이용하여 erythritol을 생산할수 있었으나 mannitol, arabinose, sorbitol 그리고 xylose를 이용하여서는 erythritol을 생산할 수 없었다. 또한 sucrose를 기질로 사용하였을 때 가장 높은 erythritol 생산성을 보였다. Penicillium sp. KJ8l은 배지의 sucrose 농도가 60%까지 erythritol을 생산할 수 있었으나, 30% sucrose농도에서 erythritol 생산성이 가장 좋았다. 또한 배지내 yeast extract의 농도가 0.5%일 때 erythritol 생산성 이 가장 좋았다. 본 균주는 30% sucrose와 0.5% yeast extract 배지에 0.5% ammonium sulfate를 첨가해 주었을 때 erythritol의 생산성이 향상되었다. Penicillium sp. KJ8l은 5ι jar. fermentor에서 30% sucrose, 0.5% yeast extract, 0.5% ($(NH_{4})_{2}SO_{4}$, 0.1% $KH_{2}PO_{4}$, 0.01% $MgCl_{2}$ 조성의 배지에서 1 vvm으로 산소를 공급해 주면서 200 rpm으로$37^{\circ}C$에서 11 일간 배양하였을 때 최고의 erythritol 생산을 보였다. 이 때 erythritol 생산 수율은 28.2g/l이었다.

Disinfection of Penicillium-infected Wheat Seed by Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide

전영아,이호선,이영이,이숙영,성정숙 한국식물병리학회 2015 식물병연구 Vol.21 No.2

Seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Olgeurumil) were infected with Penicillium sp. at mean infection rate of 83%. Penicillium sp. was detected in endosperm with bran but not in embryo. Gaseous chlorine dioxide (ClO2) effectively inhibited growth of Penicillium sp. at concentration of 5 to 20 mg/ml. As treatment duration was extended from 1 to 3 h, growth of Penicillium sp. was completely suppressed even at 10 mg/ml. There was no significant reduction in the incidence of Penicillium sp. at 30% relative humidity (RH). However, the incidence of Penicillium sp. was 27.7% at 50% RH, further those were 3.5% and 0.2% at 70% and 80% RH, respectively. Seed germination was not affected by ClO2 treatment at all the RH conditions. Water-soaked seeds (30% seed moisture content) showed a drastic reduction in the incidence of Penicillium sp. when treated at more than 10 mg/ml of ClO2. The incidences of Penicillium sp. were 3.3, 1.8 and 1.2% at 10, 15 and 20 mg/ml, respectively. The incidence of Penicillium sp. in dry seeds with 9.7% seed moisture content did not reduce when treated with 5 and 10 mg/ml at 50% RH although it tended to decrease as ClO2 concentration increased to 20 mg/ml. Seed germination was not affected by ClO2 treatment at the tested concentrations. These results indicated that gaseous ClO2 was effective disinfectant to wheat seeds infected with Penicillium sp. and that the effectiveness of ClO2 strongly increased when moisture content around or inside of the seed was increased.

Disinfection of Penicillium-infected Wheat Seed by Gaseous Chlorine Dioxide

Jeon, Young-ah,Lee, Ho-sun,Lee, Young-yi,Lee, Sokyoung,Sung, Jung-sook The Korean Society of Plant Pathology 2015 식물병연구 Vol.21 No.2

Seeds of wheat (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Olgeurumil) were infected with Penicillium sp. at mean infection rate of 83%. Penicillium sp. was detected in endosperm with bran but not in embryo. Gaseous chlorine dioxide ($ClO_2$) effectively inhibited growth of Penicillium sp. at concentration of 5 to $20{\mu}g/ml$. As treatment duration was extended from 1 to 3 h, growth of Penicillium sp. was completely suppressed even at $10{\mu}g/ml$. There was no significant reduction in the incidence of Penicillium sp. at 30% relative humidity (RH). However, the incidence of Penicillium sp. was 27.7% at 50% RH, further those were 3.5% and 0.2% at 70% and 80% RH, respectively. Seed germination was not affected by $ClO_2$ treatment at all the RH conditions. Water-soaked seeds (30% seed moisture content) showed a drastic reduction in the incidence of Penicillium sp. when treated at more than $10{\mu}g/ml$ of $ClO_2$. The incidences of Penicillium sp. were 3.3, 1.8 and 1.2% at 10, 15 and $20{\mu}g/ml$, respectively. The incidence of Penicillium sp. in dry seeds with 9.7% seed moisture content did not reduce when treated with 5 and $10{\mu}g/ml$ at 50% RH although it tended to decrease as $ClO_2$ concentration increased to $20{\mu}g/ml$. Seed germination was not affected by $ClO_2$ treatment at the tested concentrations. These results indicated that gaseous $ClO_2$ was effective disinfectant to wheat seeds infected with Penicillium sp. and that the effectiveness of $ClO_2$ strongly increased when moisture content around or inside of the seed was increased.

Penicillium sp. KFCC 10888이 생산하는 갈락토스 전이활성이 우수한 $\beta$-Galactosidase의 특성

인만진,채희정 한국미생물 · 생명공학회 1998 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.1

A Penicillium strain which produces $eta$-galactosidase with high transgalactosylation activity, was isolated from soil and registered as Penicillium sp, KFCC 10888. When $eta$-galactosidase from Penicillium sp. KFCC 10855 reacted with 40% lactose, transgalactosylation ratio reached up to 70% at the 73% conversion of initial lactose. The biosynthesis of the enzyme in Penicillium sp. KFCC 10888 was not induced by lactose. The soybean meal was an effective component of the culture medium. The optimum pH and temperature for transgalactosylation were 4.0 and 55$^{\circ}C$, respectively. The production of galactooligosaccharides was in proportion to the initial lactose concentration. When the enzyme reacted with 40% lactose (pH 4.0) at 55$^{\circ}C$, the concentration of galactooligosaccharides increased up to 40% of total solid concentration. 토양으로부터 갈락토스 전이활성이 우수한 $eta$-galactosidase를 생산하는 미생물을 분리하고 부분동정하여 한국종균협회에 Penicillium sp. KFCC 10888로 등록하였다. 효소는 40% 유당 용액에서 초기 유당의 73%가 전환되었을 때 70%의 높은 전이율을 보였다. 효소의 생합성은 유당에 의하여 유도되지 않았으며 배지성분으로는 콩가루가 효소 생산에 효과적이었다. 효소의 갈락토스 전이반응에 대한 최적 pH는 4.0, 최적온도는 55$^{\circ}C$이었으며, 55$^{\circ}C$에서 열안정성이 우수하였다. 갈락토올리고당의 생성량은 기질의 농도에 비례하였으며, 40%유당용액의 경우 갈락토올리고당의 함량은 고형분중 40%까지 향상되었다.

Penicillium sp. KFCC 10888이 생산하는 갈락토스 전이활성이 우수한 β-Galactosidase의 특성

인만진,채희정 한국산업미생물학회 1998 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.26 No.1

토양으로부터 갈락토스 전이활성이 우수한 β-galactosidase를 생산하는 미생물을 분리하고 부분동정하여 한국종균협회에 Penicillium sp. KFCC 10888로 등록하였다. 효소는 40% 유당 용액에서 초기 유당의 73%가 전환되었을 때 70%의 높은 전이율을 보였다. 효소의 생합성은 유당에 의하여 유도되지 않았으며 배지성분으로는 콩가루가 효소 생산에 효과적이었다. 효소의 갈락토스 전이반응에 대한 최적 pH는 4.0, 최적온도는 55℃이었으며, 55℃에서 열안정성이 우수하였다. 갈락토올리고당의 생성량은 기질의 농도에 비례하였으며, 40% 유당용액의 경우 갈락토올리고당의 함량은 고형분중 40%까지 향상되었다. A Penicillium strain which produces β-galactosidase with high transgalactosylation activity, was isolated from soil and registered as Penicillium sp. KFCC 10888. When β-galactosidase from Penicillium sp. KFCC 10855 reacted with 40% lactose, transgalactosylation ratio reached up to 70% at the 73% conversion of initial lactose. The biosynthesis of the enzyme in Penicillium sp. KFCC 10888 was not induced by lactose. The soybean meal was an effective component of the culture medium. The optimum pH and temperature for transgalactosylation were 4.0 and 55℃, respectively. The production of galactooligosaccharides was in proportion to the initial lactose concentration. When the enzyme reacted with 40% lactose (pH 4.0) at 55℃, the concentration of galactooligosaccharides increased up to 40% of total solid concentration.

감귤류 변패의 원인균인 Penicillium sp.-L4가 생성하는 식물세포벽 분해효소의 작용양상

김무성,최영길 한국산업미생물학회 1997 한국미생물·생명공학회지 Vol.25 No.2

감귤류 저장시 발생하는 변패의 원인균으로서 Penicillium sp.-L4를 분리하여 이균이 lemon 감염시에 생성하는 식물세포벽 분해효소의 작용양상을 조사하였다. 최소배지에서 carboxymethylcellulose(CMCase), polygalacturonidase(PGase) 및 extra- & intracellular β-glucosidase, cellobiase 등의 활성이 기질에 의해 높아졌다. 이들 효소의 생성은 모두 cellobiose, cellotriose, cellotetrarose 등의 cellulose 분해산물에 의해 효과적으로 유도되었으며 단당류인 glucose, raffinose, galacturonic acid 등에 의해 억제 되었다. 세포외 효소에서는 상대적으로 p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(PNPG) 분해능이 cellobiose 분해능보다 높은 반면, 세포내 효소에서는 반대되는 것으로 나타났다. 실제 Penicillium sp.-L4의 lemon 과피 침투시의 효소는 초기에 β-glucosidase 및 CMCase가 주로 생성되었으며 이어서 PGase가 생성되어, 균의 감염초기에 β-glucosidase의 작용이 중요하며 CMCase와 PGase의 순서적 작용에 의해 전체적인 감염과 조직붕괴에 상승효과를 나타내는 것으로 판단되었다. 각 효소의 최적작용 pH와 효소가 최대로 생성되는 lesion 부위의 pH는 일치하는 경향을 보였다. Penicillium sp.-L4, a causative fungus of rot in citrus fruits, was isolated and its mode of hydrolytic enzyme production was investigated. Carboxymethylcellulase (CMCase), polygalacturonase(PGase), extra- & intra-cellular β-glucosidase and cellobiase were produced drastically by addition of substrates in minimal media. Production of the hydrolytic enzymes were induced efficiently by cellobiose and cellooligosaccharides which were the products of cellulose hydrolysis, but repressed by addition of monosaccharide such as glucose, raffinose, galacturonic acid. The relative activity of p-nitrophenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside(PNPG) hydrolysis was higher than that of cellobiose hydrolysis in extracellular enzymes, and reverse is true in intracellular enzymes. Intact enzyme production of P. sp.-L4 on lemon peel lesion was sequential. β-Glucosidase and CMCase were produced first and followed by PGase. The enzyme productivities and pH in lesions were coincident with optimal pH of each enzyme activities.

Penicillium sp.의 고체배양시 포자형성에 미치는 황토의 영향

강선철,정종배 대구대학교 과학기술연구소 1999 科學技術硏究 Vol.5 No.5

A fungus, Penicillium sp. GL-101, isolated from soil showed the high phosphate-solubilizing activity in potato dextrose broth-rock phosphate to produce free phosphates to the culture broth. In order to make the mass production of the conidia from this fungus, we cultured it on various solid-based media like corn, rice, rice bran, and compost, supplemented either with 4%(w/w) loess or without it. As a result, the fungus highly produced conidia ranging from 3.3 to 5.6 × 10^(9) conidia/g·media on these solid media at 20-days cultivation except compost-based medium, which was 10 times less than others. Addition of loess increased the conidial formation of Penicillium sp. GL-101 in corn-based medium (1.2 ∼ 3.0 times), rice-cooked medium (1.6 ∼ 4.6 times), rice bran-based medium(1.1 ∼ 1.8 times) and compost-based medium (1.7 ∼ 3.5 times), compared to the solid media without loess.

Penicillium ulleungdoense sp. nov. from Ulleung Island in Korea

( Doo-ho Choi ),( Young-hyun You ),( In-seon Lee ),( Seung-bum Hong ),( Tea-yeol Jung ),( Jong-guk Kim ) 한국균학회 2021 Mycobiology Vol.49 No.1

In a study of the fungal diversity on Ulleung Island in Korea, three novel strains of Penicillium were isolated. Different sites on Ulleung Island were selected for collecting endophytic fungi, and three endophytic fungal strains showed unique morphological characteristics. DNA sequence of the internal transcribed spacer, b-tubulin, calmodulin, and RNA polymerase II second largest subunit regions of the strains were analyzed and they showed unique taxonomic position from the other species of Penicillium section Sclerotiora. The new strains were named Penicillium ulleungdoense sp. nov. As the novel endophytic Penicillium taxa were discovered in a unique environment, the data could be meaningful for understanding the geographical distribution of Ascomycetes on Ulleung Island.

Microbial transformation of the bioactive sesquiterpene, cyclonerodiol, by the ascomycete Penicillium sp. and the actinomycete Streptomyces sp.

Li, X.,Kim, Y.H.,Jung, J.H.,Kang, J.S.,Kim, D.K.,Choi, H.D.,Son, B.W. IPC Science and Technology Press ; Elsevier Scienc 2007 Enzyme and microbial technology Vol.40 No.5

Biological transformation of the bioactive sesquiterpene, cyclonerodiol (1), isolated from marine-derived fungus Myrothecium sp., was studied. Preparative-scale fermentation of 1 with marine-derived fungus Penicillium sp. resulted in the isolation of a new glycosidic metabolite, 7-O-(β-d-mannopyranosyl)cyclonerodiol (2). Fermentation of 1 for 2 weeks with a marine isolate of the actinomycete bacteria Streptomyces sp. also afforded two oxidized geometrical isomers, 10(Z)- and 10(E)-cyclonerotriols (3, 4). The stereostructure of the metabolites obtained was assigned on the basis of detailed spectroscopic data analyses and chemical reaction.