대학생들의 외래어 표기와 발음의 상관성 연구

한명숙 ( Han Myeong-suk ) 한말연구학회 2016 한말연구 Vol.- No.41

The purpose of this study was to investigate loanword orthography and the actual condition of loanword pronunciation among university students. The research focused on the difference between loanword orthography and its pronunciation. Through this, this also attempted to look into usages that are regarded as standards in loanword orthography. Loanword orthography is based on the original sound principle, there is, however, a diversity of orthography because, in reality, language users employ a different orthography. Furthermore, in subsection (5) of loanword orthography, there is no definite range of common use. For this reason, it is not clear for us to judge whether it obeys the rules of loanword orthography or not and whether it is considered as common usages or not. In this study, loanword orthography and its actual pronunciation condition were examined and a total of 150 university students took part in. The result of this study shows that there were cases which were in discord with right form of loanword orthography and university students had higher adoption of wrong form. In relation to this finding, we need to consider these vocabularies as examples of common use, not a wrong form of loanword orthography. Another result showed that pronunciation of loanword showed a high rate of one type pronunciation. This implies that pronunciation which are widely used among language users can be considered as standard pronunciation. Thus, this research made an investigation an exact figure of loanword orthography and its pronunciation.

학문목적 외국인 학습자를 대상으로 한 외래어 표기법 교육 방안

이소영(Lee, So-young) 우리말교육현장학회 2013 우리말교육현장연구 Vol.7 No.2

한국어에서 외래어가 차지하는 비중이 점점 많아지면서 외래어 교육에 관한 관심도 높아지고 있다. 외국인 학습자들이 한국에서 한국어를 배우며 생활하면서 외래어 학습의 필요성은 느끼지만 학습할 수 있는 기회가 적은 편이다. 특히, 한국어 언어연수 과정을 거치면서 외래어를 수업 시간에 배우는 경우는 고급 과정에만 일부 있을 뿐이고 초ㆍ중급 과정에서는 거의 전무한 상황이다. 외래어 교육에서 학습자들이 가장 어려워하는 것은 외래어 표기이다. 한글을 적을 때는 규정에 맞게 적어야 하는 것을 알지만 외래어는 <외래어 표기법> 규정이 별도로 있다는 것조차 모르는 경우가 많다. 이런 이유로 인해서 외국인 학습자들은 외래어를 표기하는 것에 대해서 어려움을 겪고 있으며, <외래어 표기법>에 대해서 학습하는 것을 원하는 경우가 점점 많아지고 있다. 특히, 외래어는 원어 발음과 표기상의 괴리가 있고, 외국인 학습자의 모국어 발음과도 다른 경우가 많기 때문에 혼란을 빚는 것은 당연하다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 이런 혼란을 최소화하고 외국인 학습자들이 한국어의 외래어에 대한 필요성을 인식하고 있는 만큼 학습자들이 흥미를 가지고 쉽게 이해할 수 있는 외래어 표기 교육 방안이 필요하다. 이 글에서는 <외래어 표기법>에 대한 수업을 하기 전에 외국인 학습자를 대상으로 <외래어 표기법>에 대한 사전 지식을 조사하였다. 이를 바탕으로 학습자들의 학습 수준에 맞춰 <외래어 표기법> 교육에 관한 5개의 수업 활동안을 제시하고 실제 수업에 적용해 보았다. 이 수업 활동안은 앞으로 외국인 학습자를 대상으로 <외래어 표기법>을 교수ㆍ학습할 때 어떤 방법으로 해야 하는지에 대한 좀 더 발전적인 수업안을 마련하는데 기초가 될 것이다. As the proportion of loanwords in Korean language is getting bigger and bigger, the concern about loanword education is rising by gradation. Foreign leaners who learn Korean language in Korea, feel the necessity of loanword eduction, but they don't get many chances to learn them, in reality. Especially, they can learn some of loanwords only in the advanced course during the Korean language study, and there is almost no loanword education in the beginner's and intermediate course. Loandword orthography is the most difficult part for learners in loanword education. Many of them don't even know that there is a regulation regarding <loanword orthography>, although they know that they should write Hangeul(Korean alphabet), based on the regulation. For this reason, foreign learners have difficulties writing loanwords, and the number of them who want to learn <loanword orthography>, is gradually increasing. In particular, loanwords have a gap between native pronunciation and writing, and pronunciations of loanwords are even different from native pronunciations of foreign learners, in many cases, so it is natural that they feel confused about this. In order to minimize this confusion, and meet foreign learners' need for loanword education in Korean language, loanword orthography education that learners can easily understand with interest, is required. In this study, foreign learners' prior knowledge about <loanword orthography> was examined, before the <loanword orthography> class. Based on the results of the examination, five class models of <loanword orthography> were devised in consideration of learning levels of learners, and they were applied to the actual class. It is anticipated that these class models would provide the foundation for more developmental lesson plans on teaching and learning methods of <loanword orthography> for foreign learners.

「중국어 외래어 표기법」에 대한 원론적 접근

조참훈 ( Charm Hun Jo ) 한국중국언어학회 2013 중국언어연구 Vol.0 No.44

To us, the discussion related to the 「The Korean Orthography of Standard Chinese Loanwords」 is very glocalizational as a local/national and at the same time global/international topic. To this topic, we are making an approach from the viewpoints based on principles such as the reconsideration of the notion of ``Loanwords`` in the 「The Korean Orthography of Loanwords」, the matter of ``Pursuit of Native Pronunciation`` and ``Pursuit of Vernacular Pronunciation`` and the matter of ``Phonetic Transcription`` and ``Alphabetical Transcription``. Such a macroscopic and theoretical approach to the 「The Korean Orthography of Standard Chinese Loanwords」 is able to bring us a clue to the most fundamental recognition on controversies related to the 「The Korean Orthography of Standard Chinese Loanwords」.

북한 외래어 표기법의 변천 양상과 과제

이관규 고려대학교 한국어문교육연구소 2020 한국어문교육 Vol.32 No.-

The purposes of this paper are to show how loanword orthography has evolved in North Korea(NK) and to deduce tasks needed for the unification of loanword orthography in SK and NK. Immediately after Korea gained independence, the same loanword orthography, that is, <Choseoneo Loanword Orthography>(1941) of Korean Language Society was adopted and used in both SK and NK. NK then promulgated <Choseoneo Loanword Orthography>(1956), <Loanword Orthography>(1958), <Foreign Language Transcription>(1969), <Foreign Language Transcription>(1982), and <Foreign Language Transcription>(2001). At first, NK used the term ‘loanword’, and later ‘foreign language’. The principles for the loanword orthography in NK are based on phonetic transcription. As for old Chinese proper nouns, according to the orthography in 1956 and in 1958, the sound of SinoKorean characters transcription was applied, but the orthography in 1969, 1982, and 2001 followed the principles of original phonetic transcription. NK has been using 40 Hangeul alphabets while SK 24 alphabets, and NK enacted fortis mark, but had no long-drawn sound mark. On the other hand, SK has no enacted fortis mark, although it had a prolonged sound mark in the past (in 1948 and in 1958). How can North and South Korea have unified loanword orthography? It is important that both have their own independent stances as to loanword orthography. 이 논문은 북한의 외래어 표기법이 변천해 온 과정을 살피고 앞으로 해야 할 과제를 도출해 내는 것을 목적으로 한다. 광복 직후 남북한은 조선어학회의 <조선어 외래어 표기법>(1941)을 함께 사용하였다. 이후 북한에서는 <조선어 외래어 표기법>(1956), <외래어 표기법>(1958), <외국말적기법>(1969), <외국말적기법>(1982), <외국말적기법>(2001)을 공포하였다. 처음에는 외래어라는 용어를 사용하다가 이후 ‘외국말’이라는 용어로 바꾸었다. 북한에서도 외래어 표기 기본 원칙으로 원지음주의를 따른다. 중국의 과거 고유 명사를 표기할 때, 북한의 1956년과 1958년 표기법은 한국 한자음으로 표기하였으나 이후의 모든 표기법에서는 원지음주의를 원칙으로 하고 있다. 북한은 한글 40자모 사용을 내세우고 있으며 된소리 표기도 인정하고 있다. 그러나 장음 표기는 모든 표기법에서 허용하고 있지 않다. 남한은 24자모를 설정하고 있으며, 된소리 표기는 허용하고 있지 않다. 장음 표기는 지금은 인정 안 하지만, 예전(1948, 1958)에는 한 적이 있다. 남북한의 외래어 표기법에서는 이러한 차이들을 어떻게 메울 것인지 하는 과제가 남아 있다. 특히 한자문화권의 고유 명사 표기를 원지음주의 그대로 유지해야 하는지 고민이 필요하다.

국어 외래어 표기법의 문제점과 보완 방향

이하얀 ( Lee Hayan ) 서강대학교 언어정보연구소 2017 언어와 정보 사회 Vol.30 No.-

The Korean loanword orthography has been established by Joseoneo-society in 1940 as the Unified draft of Korean loanword orthography(Oeraeeo pyogibeop tongilan). Since then the Korean loanword orthography has changed its name and position in the Korean unified draft for spelling system. However, its change was not enough because the change was just little adjustment of loanword orthography. As a result, the present Korean loanword orthography is contradictory, not systematic, and confusing partly. Therefore, there is a need to correct these problems, not destroying whole system of the Korean Unified draft for spelling system. So I examine articles of the Korean loanword orthography microscopically and find problems. Also, I make suggestions for them to be more accurate, logical, easy to understand Korean loaword orthography.

日本語·中國語 外來語表記法의 廢棄 必要性

김창진 한국어문교육연구회 2011 어문연구(語文硏究) Vol.39 No.4

A loanword is to be read according to the pronunciation norms of the concerned nation in case of proper nouns. It must be treated in duality of Chinese character cultural areas and non-Chinese character cultural areas. In case of the loanword of the latter, the fittest pronunciation method is to be sought in the future. On the contrary, because the sound of Chinese character as a Korean style has already been established, the proper noun of Chinese character cultural area must be written according to it. It is wrong to conform the principle of original sound on a local basis only in Korea. It must be conform the native tongue-centrism. The words in Chinese character were written in Chinese character and then read in Korean in the past, and such a method was used to achieve the best method of communication. The current method where letters are written in Korean and pronounced in loanword pronunciation, disrupts the communication of meaning or intention doubly. As Chinese characters are not loanwords, so it can not be a subject of loanword orthography. Choi Hyun Bae, ideologist of exclusive use of Hangeul, devised loanword orthography of Japanese in order to promote the exclusive use of Hangeul, but it is none other than a vestige of Japanese colonial imperialism. The same fallacy is true of loanword orthography of Chinese. Consequently, the current loanword orthography of Chinese character cultural area must be discarded. 外來語는 주로 글로 적힌 固有名詞를 자기 民族의 發音 方式에 따라서 읽는다. 外來語는 漢字文化圈과 非漢字文化圈으로 二元化해서 다루어야 한다. 漢字文化圈의 고유명사는 韓國式 漢字音이 確立되어 있으므로 一貫性을 유지해야 한다. 반면에 非漢字文化圈 外來語는 앞으로 最適의 發音法을 摸索해야 한다. 전 世界에서 韓國만 唯一하게 채택하고 있는 現地 原音主義는 잘못이다. 自國語 中心主義로 外來語를 使用해야 한다. 과거에 漢字語는 漢字로 적고 韓國語로 읽었는데, 最上의 意味 傳達 방식이었다. 그런데 現行法은 文字는 한글로 적고 發音은 外國語 發音으로 하게 하여 意味 傳達을 二重으로 妨害하고 있다. 漢字語는 外來語가 아니므로 원래 外來語表記法의 對象이 아니다. 日本語 外來語表記法은 日帝 식민지 殘滓로서, 한글전용파 崔鉉培가 한글專用을 추진하려고 만들었다. 中國語 外來語表記法은 그것을 踏襲했다. 잘못된 現行 漢字文化圈 外來語表記法을 廢棄해야 한다.

국어 어문규범의 표기대상: 한글맞춤법과 외래어표기법의 경우

정경일 한국어학회 2016 한국어학 Vol.71 No.-

This paper focuses on the relation between the Language regulation about Korean and the object of writing of that especially about Hangeul Orthography and Orthography of Loanword. I think that the objects of writing of these two regulations are set up inappropriately. Hangeul orthography is a rule to transcribe standard language and Orthography of Loanword is a rule to transcribe loanword. As a result, many of the real linguistic presences in Korean society such as nonstandard languages, dialects, new words, foreign words couldn’t be transcribed by those regulations. The writer`s assertion concerning these problems is the current standard of two orthographies should be revised to a new standard in particular for the object of writing . The object of Hangeul Orthography should be changed from standard language to whole Korean language which is used in Korean society for the purpose of communication. Through this change, we transcribed the whole linguistic presence in Korea. In case of Orthography of Loanword, the object of it should be extended to foreign words and the loan words to be included in Hangeul Orthography. Accordingly, the Orthography of Loanword should be renamed Orthography of foreign word by Hangeul.

러시아어의 한글 표기, 남북한이 어떻게 다른가

한현희(Han, Hyun Hee) 한국슬라브유라시아학회 2020 슬라브학보 Vol.35 No.1

The purpose of this study is to understand the commonality and the difference in the Hangul orthography of Russian Loanword between South and North Korea and seek for the ways how to move forward after the unification. To this end, this study made comparative analysis of it referred to the South"s 〈the Loanword Orthography〉 and the North"s 〈the Loanword Orthography〉 and 〈How to Write Foreign Languages〉. As the results from analysis, it was found out that the commonalities were the compliance with the writing system of its own language, the abidance with the phonetic rules of its own language, and the respect of its accustomed orthography. The differences were the number of used Hangul alphabets, usage of the fortis and the translated loanword. And It was found out that the Russian consonants and vowels of which Korean and Russian alphabets are identically matched to each other between South and North Korea were л, м, н, р, ф, х, ё, ю, я, while the ones not identically matched to each other were б, в, г, д, ж, з, й, к, п, с, т, ц, ч, ш, щ, а, е, и, о, у, ы, э. The later parts of this study were discussed about future way for the unification from the seven points of view focused on the differences in the Hangul orthography of Russian loanwords between South and North Korea.

언어,교육 : 외래어의 표준 발음과 어문 규범

이은경 ( Eun Gyeong Yi ) 경희대학교 비교문화연구소 2015 비교문화연구 Vol.38 No.-

The purpose of this paper is to investigate how to decide pronunciation of loanwords in Korean language. There has not been a regulation for pronunciation of loanwords in Korean language. Even the dictionary published by the government does not provide any information about the pronunciation of loanwords. In this paper, some actual solutions are suggested for the pronunciation of loanwords. Korean language has Regulations of Standard Korean, Korean Orthography, Regulations on Hangeul Transcriptions on Loanwords and Pronunciation Methods of Standard Korean. These language standards could help to decide pronunciation of loanwords. Some pronunciations which could not be regulated by them must be presented in the standard pronunciation dictionary. For example, glottalization rule of ``s`` in many loanwords could be presented in the description of each loanword in the dictionary. However the pronunciation of loanwords must be similar to the spelling. If various pronunciations are allowed to one spelling, then people will be so confused by the discrepancy between pronunciation and spelling of loanwords.

외래어 표기법과 표음주의

김아영 ( Kim Ayoung ) 연세대학교 언어정보연구원 2023 언어사실과 관점 Vol.59 No.-

이 연구의 목적은 통상적으로 외래어 표기법의 원리로 받아들여지고 있는 표음주의가 외래어 표기법에서 어떻게 실현되고 있는지를 고찰하는 것이다. 외래어 표기법에서 표음주의는 일차적으로 원어의 철자가 아니라 발음을 기준으로 표기하는 것을 뜻한다. 이때 원어의 발음을 최대한 유사하게 적어야 한다는 원(지)음주의와 표음주의는 구별할 필요가 있다. 외래어 표기법에는 대체로 원어의 발음을 고려한 전사법과 음소적 원리가 적용되었다. 그러나 일부 규정에서는 변이음을 고려하지 않고 하나의 철자를 하나의 한글 자모로 고정하여 적거나 원어의 문법적 형태를 고려하는 등 전자법과 형태음소적 원리를 적용하였음이 확인된다. The purpose of this study is to examine how phoneticism, which is generally accepted as a principle of loanword orthography, is being revealed in loanword orthography. In the loanword orthography, phoneticism is primarily means transcription based on pronunciation, not spelling, of the original language. However, it is necessary to distinguish between phoneticism and original pronunciation phoneticism, which require the pronunciation of the original language to be written as similarly as possible. In general, the transcription method considering the pronunciation of the original language and the phonemic principle were applied to the loanword orthography. However, in some cases, transliteration and morphophonemic principles were applied: one foreign letter was fixed as one Korean consonant without considering variations; or the grammatical form of the original language was taken into account.