Statistics on Radiation Field Waveforms Associated with Multiple Intracloud Lightning Discharges

Lee, Bok-Hee,Lee, Dong-Moon,Ahn, Chang-Hwan,Kim, Young-Bong The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers 2001 Journal of KIEE Vol.11 No.1

This paper presents the detailed statistics on radiation field signatures associated with multiple-intracloud lightning discharges. A transient signal recording system was used to measure the electric and magnetic fields produced by lightning flashes. The measurements were made in th summers of 1995 through 1999, and the location of the observation station was in Inchon on the coast of the Yellow Sea in Korea(37$^{\circ}$25'N, 126$^{\circ}$ 39'E). Most of lightning flashes typically contains between two and five strokes. The individual intracloud stork radiation fields were the bipolar pulse. On the average, the ratio of the peak of the second stroke to the first stroke peak was 75.1$\pm$40.1% for the negative, and a fraction of the subsequent stroke peaks were higher than the first stroke peak. The greater the number of the subsequent stroke order, less time separations between strokes were produced. The mean of the depth of the dip was 81.2$\pm$27.9% for the positive polarity and 75.9$\pm$24.4% for the negative. The depth of the dip increased for the positive bipolar pulses and decreased for the negative as the number of the stroke order increased.

Multiple occurrence of recurrent nodular fasciitis after surgical extirpation: masquarding as in-transit metastasis of sarcomatous presentation

( Kyung-nam Bae ),( Kihyuk Shin ),( Woo-il Kim ),( Min-young Yang ),( Won-ku Lee ),( Gun-wook Kim ),( Hyun-chang Ko ),( Byung-soo Kim ),( Moon-bum Kim ),( Hoon-soo Kim ) 대한피부과학회 2019 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.71 No.1

Nodular fasciitis (NF) is a rare benign fibrous tumor related with a proliferative reactive process arising mostly from the muscular fascia or deep subcutaneous region. It distinctively appeared as solitary nodule in young-aged patient with rapid growth, which gives its other name as pseudosarcomatous fibromatosis. A 16-year old boy visited our clinic for the palpable mass on the left shoulder. The initial lesion had already been partially removed by the skin biopsy at local clinic. The biopsy specimen showed only fragments of fibrous mass consisting of collagenous stroma with spindle-shaped cells, but no atypia or mitotic figure. Surgical excision was performed, of which the surgical specimen showed invasion of spindle shaped cells involving subcutaneous layer interlacing with conspicious collagenous fiborus stroma without malignant features. After 3 months, two nodules reappeared near the operation sites and the following biopsy results showed the same as before. We decided to observe the remaining lesions and there had been no significant changes for 5 months. Multiple lesional occurrence is as quite uncommon feature of NF as the recurrence after surgical treatment. Herein, we report a rare case of multiple recurrence of NF after surgical extirpation, which presented with in-transit metastasis of sarcoma-like feature.

로터리 사고발생 위치별 사고모형 개발

나희,박병호 한국도로학회 2012 한국도로학회논문집 Vol.14 No.4

PURPOSES: This study deals with Rotary by Accident Occurrence Location. The purpose of this study is to develop the accident models of rotary by location. METHODS: In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attentions to developing the appropriate models using multiple linear, Poisson and negative binomial regression models and statistical analysis tools. RESULTS: First, four multiple linear regression models which are statistically significant(their values are 0.781, 0.300, 0.784 and 0.644respectively) are developed, and four Poisson regression models which are statistically significant(their values are 0.407, 0.306, 0.378 and 0.366 respectively) are developed. Second, the test results of fitness using RMSE, %RMSE, MPB and MAD show that Poisson regression model in the case of circulatory roadway, pedestrian crossing and others and multiple linear regression model in the case of entry/exit sections are appropriate to the given data. Finally, the common variable that affects to the accident is adopted to be traffic volume. CONCLUSIONS: 8 models which are all statistically significant are developed, and the common and specific variables that are related to the models are derived. PURPOSES: This study deals with Rotary by Accident Occurrence Location. The purpose of this study is to develop the accident models of rotary by location. METHODS: In pursuing the above, this study gives particular attentions to developing the appropriate models using multiple linear, Poisson and negative binomial regression models and statistical analysis tools. RESULTS: First, four multiple linear regression models which are statistically significant(their values are 0.781, 0.300, 0.784 and 0.644respectively) are developed, and four Poisson regression models which are statistically significant(their values are 0.407, 0.306, 0.378 and 0.366 respectively) are developed. Second, the test results of fitness using RMSE, %RMSE, MPB and MAD show that Poisson regression model in the case of circulatory roadway, pedestrian crossing and others and multiple linear regression model in the case of entry/exit sections are appropriate to the given data. Finally, the common variable that affects to the accident is adopted to be traffic volume. CONCLUSIONS: 8 models which are all statistically significant are developed, and the common and specific variables that are related to the models are derived.

가족력을 동반한 다발성 지루각화증 1예

조유경,권지애,김경문,김시용 대한피부과학회 2003 대한피부과학회지 Vol.41 No.4

Seborrheic keratoses are benign skin tumors and exceedingly common. The etiology of seborrheic keratoses is unknown. Several possible causes such as genetic propensity, sun exposure, human papillomavirus and epidermal growth factors are suggested. Among these findings, their familial occurrences have been rarely reported in the literature. We report a case of early-onset, multiple, familial seborrheic keratoses in a 36-year-old man. (Korean J Dermatol 2003;41(4) : 504-506)

가족에서 발생한 비증후군성 다수 과잉치 : 증례 보고

배두환,김지환 大韓小兒齒科學會 2015 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.42 No.1

과잉치는 영구치열 또는 유치열에서 정상적인 개수의 치아 외에 추가적으로 발생한 치아를 말한다. 과잉치는 인접 치아와구조물에 여러 가지 영향을 미칠 수 있기 때문에 영향을 미치기 전에 과잉치를 조기에 발견하여 관찰하며 치료계획을 세우는것이 중요하다. 과잉치의 원인은 아직 정확하게 밝혀지지 않았으나 유전 및 환경적인 요소들이 기여한다고 추측이 되고 있다. 과잉치가 발생하는 경우에 하나의 과잉치가 발생하는 경우가 대부분이고 다수의 과잉치가 발생하는 경우에는 증후군의 일부로서 발생하는 경우가 많다. 증후군과 관계없이 여러 개의 과잉치가 발생하는 것은 매우 드물다. 한 남성과 그의 세 아들에게서 소구치 부위에 비증후군성 다수 과잉치가 발견되었기에 이 증례들에 대해 보고하고자 한다. 이 증례들은 과잉치 발생에 있어서 유전이 큰 영향을 미치며 가족력이 과잉치 조기발견의 중요한 단서가 될 수 있다는 것을보여준다. Supernumerary teeth (SNTs) refer to extra teeth over normal numbers. SNTs can influence adjacent teethand structure. Therefore, it is important to find SNTs before they cause problems and to decide when to extractthem. Etiology of SNTs has not exactly been found, but it has been proposed that genetic and environmental factorsare associated. SNT appears as a single unit in most cases and multiple SNTs usually occur as a part of asyndrome. Non-syndromic multiple SNTs are rarely seen. This report is to document the occurrence of multiple supernumerary premolars in a father and his three sons. Heritage is an important factor in SNT development so familial history is important for early detection of SNT.

現代漢語反義共現四字格成語構式的生成機制研究

金鉉哲(Kim, Hyun-cheol),劉柳(Liu Liu) 중국어문학연구회 2022 중국어문학논집 Vol.- No.137

The paper constructs the Interaction Corecion Multiple Inheritance Integration Model (ICMIIM) based on the theory of cognitive reference points, combined with the theories like coercion, multiple inheritance, multiple coercion and inheritance,and conceptual integration, and uses the model to examine the generative mechanism of the construction of antonymy co-occurrence four-character idioms. Three levels of the cognitive mechanism of the structure’s generation of antonymy co-occurrence four-character idioms can be found. The first is the process of interpreting the word-forming morphemes, which activates and extracts the matrix of cognitive domains in the human brain, where the morphemes are located, and analyses the interaction between the morphemes. The second level is the process of integrating the morphemes. Under the mechanism of coercion and inheritance on different morphemes, such as phonological, syntactic, semantic and pragmatic, the conflicts between different types of constructions are eased and morphemes are interactively integrated into four-character idioms. The third level is the process of semantic integration, which is mainly examined with theories like conceptual integration, conceptual metaphor and metonymy.

비드형상 및 복수 표면균열의 확률적 특성을 고려한 필릿 용접부 피로수명 평가

한승호,한정우,Han Seung-Ho,Han Jeong-Woo 대한용접접합학회 2005 대한용접·접합학회지 Vol.23 No.3

The fatigue life of welded joints is associated with crack initiation and propagation life. Theses cannot be easily separated, since the definition of crack initiation is vague due to the initiation of multiple cracks that are distributed randomly along the weld toes. In this paper a method involving a notch strain and fracture mechanical approach, which considers the characteristics of welded joints, e.g. welding residual stress and statistical characteristics of multiple cracks, is proposed, in an attempt to reasonably estimate these fatigue lives. The fatigue crack initiation life was evaluated statistically, e.g. the probability of failure occurrence in 2.3, 50 and $97.7\%$, in which the cyclic response of the local stress/strain hi the vicinity of the weld toes and notch factors derived by the irregular shape of the weld bead are taken into account. The fatigue crack propagation life was simulated by using Monte-Carlo method in consideration of the Ad-factor and the mechanical behavior of mutual interaction/coalescence between two adjacent cracks. The estimated total fatigue life, $(N_T)_{P50\%}$, as a sum of crack initiation and propagation life under the probability of failure occurrence in $50\%$ showed a good agreement with the experimental results. The developed technique for fatigue lift estimation enables to provide a quantitative proportion of crack initiation and propagation life in the total fatigue life due to the nominal stress range, ${\Delta}S$.

Move is Occur; the First Step to Eliminate Movement

Che Gyong Im 대한언어학회 2007 언어학 Vol.15 No.4

산불 후 강우로 인한 토석류 재해 평가

정재원 한국방재학회 2015 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.15 No.4

Wildfires denude vegetation on hillslopes, reduce soil permeability. and produce water-repellent soils that increase surface runoff. This process consequently increases soil erosion and soil movement during rains, and it makes burned areas more susceptible to debris flows. For appropriate debris flow mitigation strategies in burned areas, it should be prioritized to identify the areas with debris flow potential. This paper presents statistical models to estimate debris flow volumes in burned areas, based on existing data measured from the western United States Debris flow hazards was then mapped using the estimated volumes and probabilities of debris flows. The study area is located in California, U.S. where wildfires occurred in September 2014. Its debris flow hazards were assessed in response to three design rainfalls(2-, 10-, and 25-year recurrence intervals). To determine if statistical models can be applied to Korea, it is necessary to measure and compile data of post-fire debris flows. When the perimeters of burned areas are provided, debris flow hazards can be promptly mapped for making effective mitigation decision. 산불이 발생하면 식생의 제거와 토층의 불투수층화로 토층의 수분침투력은 감소되고 빗물의 지표유출은 증가하게 된다. 이로 인해 강우시 토층의 침식과 유출은 가속화되어 산불지역은 토석류 발생에 더 취약하게 된다. 산불 후 방재 대책으로서 토석류 발생가능성을파악하는 것은 최우선 과제이다. 본 연구에서는 미국 산불지역의 토석류 발생량 자료를 이용하여 토석류 발생량 관계식을 도출하고 발생확률을 감안하여 토석류 재해도 작성기법을 제시하였다. 연구지역은 2014년 9월 산불이 발생한 미국 캘리포니아 지역이며, 강우강도의 재현주기(2, 10, 25년)를 적용하여 토석류 재해도를 작성하였다. 우리나라에 산불 후 토석류 관계식의 적용가능성을 판단하기 위해서는 산불지역의 토석류 발생량에 관한 연구가 축적되어야 한다. 또한 산불 피해지역이 지도화될 경우 정확한 토석류 재해도 제작이가능해져 이에 대한 방재대책을 마련할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

日本語における否定極性と否定一致現象に關する一考察

박강훈 한국일본학회 2008 日本學報 Vol.75 No.-

This paper argues, contrary to what is widely observed in the literature, that (i) shika ‘only’ in adjunct position, Indeterminate-mo (dare-mo/nani-mo/dokoni-mo 'anyone/anything/anywhere'), 1-Classifiermo( hitori-mo/hitotsu-mo, etc ‘even a person/ even a thing’)’, kessite ‘never’ in Japanese must be categorized as an Negative Concord Item (NCI) and that (ii) a diagnostic test to distinguish an NCI should be added to 5 diagnostic tests, that is, ‘ability to co-occur with other NCIs in the same negative clause’. In past studies, it has been widely accepted that shika, Indeterminate-mo, 1-Classifier-mo, kessite should be categorized as an NPI based on Klima(1964)’s analysis on English NPI anyone/anything/any-where. Assuming that their analyses were correct, they cannot explain that why dare-mo/nani-mo/dokoni-mo in Japanese syntactically behave quite differently from anyone/anything/ anywhere in English in the following 5 properties : a. Ability to appear in non negative contexts, b. Ability to appear in pre-verbal position, c. Ability to be modified by expressions like almost, d. Ability to be used as an elliptical answer, e. Clause-boundedness. In fact, according to Watanabe(2004), an NCI must have the above 5 properties and this fact shows that Indeterminate-mo, 1-Classifier-mo should be categorized as not an NPI but an NCI. This paper aruges that besides Indeterminate-mo, 1-Classifier-mo, shika in adjunct position and kessite have properties as an NCI. Furthermore, this paper argues that an NCI should co-occur with other NCIs in the same clause.