부산 지역 해양문화유산의 활용 문제 -정체성 형성을 중심으로-

김강식 한국해양대학교 국제해양문제연구소 2024 해항도시문화교섭학 Vol.- No.30

오늘날 부산은 해양수도를 표방한다. 부산은 대륙의 끝이 아니라 바다로 향한 출발지이며, 유라시아 대륙과 태평양을 연결하는 동북아시아의 중심지이자 관문이다. 이러한 부산의 도시 성격에 부합하기 위해서는 해항도시의 성격과 해양문화의 특성을 나타내는 해양문화유산에 관한 관심이 절실하다. 2000년을 전후하여 부산 지역에서도 해양에 관한 관심과 연구가 늘어난 것은 사실이지만, 이에 부합하는 해양문화유산의 활용이 필요하다. 부산 지역의 해양문화유산을 분류해 보면 형태별로는 유형문화유산 63점, 무형문화유산 26점, 자연유산 22점으로 전체 112점이다. 이를 분야별로 분류해 보면 정치 31점, 경제 28점, 사회 42점, 문화 11점이다. 부산 지역의 해양문화유산은 유형문화유산이 많으며, 분야별로는 정치, 경제, 사회 분야가 비슷한 분포를 나타내고 있다. 이것은 부산의 해양성을 대변하고 있다고 보아진다. 부산 지역의 해양문화유산을 활용하기 위해서는 해양문화의 특성과 부산의 정체성를 부각시킬 수 있는 선택과 집중이 필요하다. 부산의 해양성에서 비롯되어 부산의 정체성을 보여주는 국방도시, 교역도시, 어업도시의 성격을 드러낼 수 있어야 한다. 이를 위해서 무엇보다도 먼저 해야 할 것이 제대로 된 선박박물관을 건립하는 것이다. 근대 조선소의 발상지에 선박 전문박물관을 건립하여 해양수도에 걸맞는 위상을 갖출 필요가 있다. 이것도 단순한 선박의 복원에 그치는 것이 아니라 선박의 역사, 문화, 활용 등을 종합적이고 구체적으로 재현할 수 있는 공간이 필요하다. 아울러 해양문화유산을 전시・체험할 수 있는 복합 전시시설이 해양박물관뿐 아니라 분야별로 특화되어 마련될 필요가 있다. 바다에 대한 기억을 다시 찾고 해양문화유산을 보존・활용하기 위해서는 복합적인 성격의 부산 해양박물관을 건립해야 한다. 이제라도 부산의 해양성을 제대로 드러낼 수 있는 군사도시와 교역도시의 공간을 확보하여 갖추어 세우는 것이 요구된다. 군사도시의 면모는 수영강변의 경상좌수영, 자성대부두의 부산진성의 원형을 복원하는 것이다. 교역과 교류의 모습은 위상에 맞는 제대로 된 통신사 역사관의 건립, 초량왜관의 복원 추진이다. 이를 아우르는 공간으로 조선 후기의 부산진성(자성대) 일원을 추천한다. 그런데 부산 지역의 해양문화유산 활용을 위해서는 무엇보다도 먼저 다양한 해양문화유산의 발굴이 진행되어야 한다. 이를 위해서 해양문화유산에 대한 세밀한 조사가 선행된 위에서 모든 것이 가능할 것이다. 사실 부산의 해양문화와 해양문화유산에 대한 소프트웨어는 많이 연구되어 있다. 이제는 부산의 해양문화와 해양문화유산을 제대로 구현할 수 있는 하드웨어를 갖추어야 할 시점이다. 정말 과감한 발상의 전환과 투자가 필요한 시점이다. Today, Busan advocates a maritime capital. Busan is not the end of the continent, but the starting point for the sea, and it is the center and gateway of Northeast Asia connecting the Eurasian continent and the Pacific Ocean. In order to meet the characteristics of Busan's city, interest in marine cultural heritage representing the characteristics of the sea port city and the characteristics of marine culture is urgent. It is true that interest in the ocean increased in the Busan area around 2000, but it is necessary to utilize marine cultural heritage accordingly. In order to regain memories of the sea and preserve and utilize marine cultural heritage, a maritime museum with a complex character must be built. At any time, it is required to secure a space for trade with a military city that can reveal Busan's marine nature and to properly establish it. The aspect of a military city is to restore the original form of Busanjinseong at the Gyeongsangjwa Suyeong and Jagyeongdae Pier along the Suyeong River. The appearance of trade and exchange is the establishment of a proper history museum of telecommunications companies and the restoration of Choryang Waegwan. As a space encompassing this, the area of Busanjinseong (Jaseongdae) in the late Joseon Dynasty is recommended.I In addition, it is required to secure and properly establish a space for trade with a military city that can reveal the maritime nature of Busan at any time. The aspect of a military city is to restore the original form of Busanjinseong Fortress on the Jwaseongdae Pier and Gyeongsang Jwaseong Fortress along the Suyeong River. The establishment of a proper news agency history museum suitable for its status and the restoration of the Choryang Waegwan are the aspects of trade and exchange. However, in order to utilize marine cultural heritage in the Busan area, the excavation of various marine cultural heritages must be carried out first. To this end, everything will be possible above the detailed investigation of marine cultural heritage. In fact, a lot of software for marine culture and marine cultural heritage in Busan has been studied. Now is the time to have hardware that can properly implement marine culture and marine cultural heritage.

수중문화재 전시기관의 운영정책 연구

한나래 한국문화공간건축학회 2019 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.67

There are a lot of underwater cultural heritage which have accumulated according to the development of underwater archaeology in Korea. This study find the causes for low awareness and utilization of underwater cultural heritage from operational policies of the exhibition organization. There are National Museum, National Maritime Museum, and National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage, which are the only underwater excavation institution in Korea. The operational problem of organizations that exhibit underwater cultural heritage can be summarized as the following three. First, it is difficult to access exhibition organization of underwater cultural heritage. Second, there are insufficient exhibits to show the value of underwater cultural heritage. Third, there is a lack of awareness of the characteristics of the organizations that exhibit underwater cultural heritage. In this study, the details and causes of the three problems are analyzed and three development directions are presented. First of all, we should promote the touring exhibition of underwater cultural heritage, and convey the value and meaning of underwater cultural heritage only through the use of exhibition presentation that can make use of the sense of realism under the sea. Finally, we should construct differentiated images of organization that exhibits underwater cultural heritage.

제주 해녀문화의 유네스코 인류무형문화유산 등재에 따른 해양관광콘텐츠 연구

정민의 ( Jung Min-eui ),이웅규 ( Lee Woong-kyu ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2017 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.29 No.1

The term`cultural heritage`has changed content considerably in recent decades, and this partially owes to the instruments developed by UNESCO. Cultural heritage does not end with monuments and collections of objects. It also includes traditions or living expressions inherited from our ancestors and passed on to our descendants. These traditions include oral traditions, performing arts, social practices, rituals, festive events, knowledge and practices concerning nature and the universe or the knowledge and skills to produce traditional crafts. Fragile, intangible cultural heritage is an important factor in maintaining cultural diversity, especially at this time of globalization. An understanding in intangible cultural heritage of different communities helps with intercultural dialogue, and encourages mutual respect for other ways of life. The purpose of this study is to analyze the reason why Jeju Haenyeo culture is registered as a UNESCO humanity intangible cultural heritage. The study reveals four important points of why Jeju Haenyeo culture is listed in the Intangible Heritage of Humanity and proposes them as a development plan for marine tourism contents in Korea. First, Jeju Haenyeo culture symbolizes and establishes the unique cultural identity of its region. This means that we need to develop marine tourism contents in each coastal area and fishing village in accordance with the situation of times and demands of marine tourists. Second, Jeju Haenyeo culture is a sustainable marine environment in a nature-friendly way. This means that efforts should be made to diversify eco-friendly marine tourism contents. Third, it is a viewpoint that the culture of Jeju Island is developed and operated at the eye level of marine tourists. This means that marine tourism contents developed in the future should be revitalized by securing programs developed and operated from the viewpoints of tourists. Fourth, it is a viewpoint that the Jeju Haenyeo culture has been continuously passed through related knowledge and technology through the community. This means that, in the era of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, traditional marine tourism contents and its history must be provided not only offline but also online as well.

문화경관으로서의 섬문화유산 해석을 위한 시론적 연구 - 보길도 윤선도 원림 및 관련 해남윤씨가 유산을 중심으로

이태겸,박성현 국립목포대학교 도서문화연구원 2019 島嶼文化 Vol.0 No.53

Island heritage is seen as cultural landscape globally. And this value is gradually understood and preserved. Island heritage is a living one that has been closely linked to nature, society, culture, and human activities of the island from the past to the present. As an preliminary study searching for the world heritage value of the island heritage, this study first examined the concept of cultural landscape of the world heritage and related discussions. As a case study, Yun seon-do’s Garden heritage in Buyong-dong, Bogil-do was interpreted as a cultural landscape around the socio-economic background and its relationship with the surrounding area. This suggests the necessity of interpretation on cultural landscape that can complement the limitation of the partial and traditional interpretation of the heritage. By interpreting the island heritage from a cultural and landscape perspective, it is possible to enhance the stereoscopic value of island heritage that is distributed apart but is organically linked. This study interprets island heritage in an integrated perspective and is meaningful as a basic study for registering world heritage of island heritage.

非物质文化遗产教育视域下澳门妈祖信俗的传承研究

宋磊(Lei Song),曹露浩(Luhao Cao) YIXIN 출판사 2024 Education Reform and Teaching Research Vol.1 No.2

As a folk belief phenomenon that spans the Chinese community and even the world, the Mazu belief is particularly unique in Macau. In the context of the fusion and convergence of Eastern and Western cultures, the Mazu belief has become not only a part of the folk beliefs in Macau but also an essential part of Macau culture. This paper explores the core role of Macau’s Mazu belief as a bridge of cultural exchange in the “21st Century Maritime Silk Road” strategy from the perspective of intangible cultural heritage education. And the bridge role it plays in cultural exchanges. Specifically, this paper aims to explore how to effectively inherit the ancient and profound Chinese belief of Mazu in Macau through intangible cultural heritage education. At the same time, this paper also provides some helpful inspiration for maintaining and promoting the development of cultural diversity through the study of Macau’s Mazu belief. 妈祖信俗作为一种跨越华人社区乃至全球范围的民间信仰现象,其在澳门地区的体现尤为独特。在东西方文化交融和汇聚的背景下,妈祖信俗不仅成为了澳门地区民间信仰的一部分,同时也成为了澳门文化的一个重要组成部分。本文旨在从非物质文化遗产教育的角度出发,深入探讨澳门妈祖信俗作为文化交流桥梁在“21 世纪海上丝绸之路”战略中的核心作用。以及它在文化交流中所扮演的桥梁角色。具体来说,本文希望探讨在澳门地区,如何通过非物质文化遗产教育的方式,对妈祖信俗这一古老而深厚的华人信仰进行有效的传承。同时,本文也希望能通过对澳门妈祖信俗的研究,为其在维护并促进文化多样性发展方面,提供一些有益的启示。

고려의 뱃길과 섬, 최근의 연구 동향

윤용혁(Yoon, Yonghyeok) 목포대학교 도서문화연구소 2013 島嶼文化 Vol.0 No.42

고려시대는 한국의 해양문화 연구에 있어서 의미 있는 요소를 담고 있는 시기이다. 뱃길을 통하여 서울과 지방을 연계하는 조운제라는 시스템을 정착시키고, 국내외 뱃길의 활용성을 높이기 위하여 주요 거점 섬에 객관 제도를 운용하였다. 수도를 섬으로 옮겨, 섬을 거점으로 40년을 국가를 운영한 것도 고려시대이다. 그럼에도 바다와 섬은 그동안 고려시대사 연구의 관심권에서 벗어나 있었다. 근년 고려시대 연구에 있어서 해양사 연구의 진전은 괄목할만한 점이 있다. 여기에는 고려시대 선박과 해양사 자료를 지속적으로 확인한 국립해양문화재연구소의 수중 발굴조사가 중요한 계기가 되었다. 다량의 청자 자료, 선상 도구, 생활용품, 다양한 식문화 자료, 수 척에 이르는 고려 선박, 그리고 여기에 더하여 연대를 가늠할 수 있는 목간(죽찰)까지 동반 출토함으로써 역사적 검토의 구체성을 더욱 높였다. 본고는 조운제도, 해로와 객관, 선박, 목간 자료 등을 중심으로 최근의 연구 성과와 그 경향을 개략적으로 정리하고 검토함으로써, 고려 해양사 연구에 있어서 새로운 논의를 출발할 수 있는 계기를 조성하였다. 동시에 마도선의 연대와 성격 등에 관련하여서도, 나름의 의견을 제시하였다. The Goryeo Dynasty is a period with significant elements in study on Korean marine culture. A marine transportation system was settled which connected Seoul and other provinces through waterways and the inn system was operated on major islands to enhance utilization of waterways home and abroad. It was also Goryeo Dynasty when the capital was transferred to an island and the nation was managed for 40 years with the island as the national base. In spite of that fact, the sea and islands have been out of research subject on Goryeo history in the meantime. In recent studies on Goryeo history, research on marine history has been remarkably advanced. In this respect, underwater excavation of National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage has served as important momentum which consistently confirmed data on ships and marine history of Goryeo. Concreteness of historical study has been further improved with excavated wooden tags (bamboo tags) through which period can be estimated along with a great deal of Goryeo celadon materials, on-board tools, daily supplies, various materials on eating culture and several Goryeo ships. This study provides an opportunity to start new discussions on Goryeo marine history by organizing and reviewing recent research results and trends based on materials related to marine transportation system, seaways and inns, ships and wooden tags. At the same time, it also presents some views on the period and qualities of a ship excavated from Mado.

섬 문화유산 현지조사의 가치와 활용

김애경 국립해양문화재연구소 2022 해양문화재 Vol.16 No.-

The purpose of this study is to promote interest in island cultural heritage and provide useful information obtained through on-site surveys so that it can be used productively by the government in the implementation of policies on island cultural heritage and the effort to set the right direction for policies aiming at the development of islands. The study also seeks to contribute to the creation of a momentum for the development of a variety of contents from the cultural materials collected through the process of surveying the island heritage sites. The main discussion in this study is focused on the latest research trends regarding island cultural heritage and government policies aiming at the development of islands. The discussion includes an analysis of the heritage sites in the islands and under the waters off the islands. Cultural heritage items and sites in the islands are great evidences showing the historical importance of the lands containing them. In Korea, a great majority of its islands are located in the seas off the southwestern part of the Korean Peninsula, which feature numerous sea routes used since the ancient times by the vessels of China and Japan as well as Korea. That explains why archaeological discoveries continue to be made in the waters surrounding the islands. The National Research Institute of Maritime Cultural Heritage has been interested in the excavation of underwater cultural assets and the history of the islands located at the excavated sites. The surveys on the island cultural heritage sites started in 2007 and continued up to 2021, during which a total of 19 inhabited islands have been studied. The surveys led to the production of printed reports and documentary videos focusing on the history and culture of the surveyed islands. The institute had been dedicated to the development of new methods for the study of island cultural heritage in the course of research activities that spanned more than ten years. In addition to the survey and research activities, the instituted has also been keenly interested in ideas to exploit the research results in setting the right direction for the island heritage research projects joined both by experts and inhabitants of the islands concerned. Islands have their own spatial domain independent of the main land, creating their own assets to be studied in various fields of archaeology, history, folklore, architecture, livelihood, life history, transportation, and natural environment. Making records about the cultures and histories of islands is now an urgent task considering the fact that more and more islands lose their people and become uninhabited. By the same token, the passage of time demands new measures to deliver the records of island cultural heritage to future generations. That is why researches on island cultural heritage require innovation in methodology so that their results can effectively use the new media of the digital age to turn them into valuable assets for future generations.

일반논문 : 여수지역 해양문화유산의 문화콘텐츠 개발에 관한 연구

노시훈 ( Shi Hun Noh ) 전남대학교 호남학연구원 2010 호남학 Vol.0 No.47

한반도 남해안에 위치한 여수지역은 예로부터 해상활동ㆍ교류, 해양수호의 중심지로서 우리나라 해양사상 매우 중요한 역할을 한 곳이었기 때문에 많은 해양문화유산을 가지고 있는데, 그동안 인식 부족으로 그와 같은 문화유산이 제대로 보존·활용되지 못하였다. 오늘날 문화유산은 단순히 보존해야 할 대상에서 적극적으로 활용하여 그 가치를 높여야 할 자원으로 변화하고 있고 문화콘텐츠산업이 고부가가치산업으로 지역경제 발전에 크게 기여하고 있기 때문에, 본고에서는 여수지역의 해양문화유산을 문화콘텐츠로 개발하여 활용하는 방안에 대해 고찰하고자 하였다. 이 지역의 대표적인 해양문화유산으로는 자연, 역사적 사건, 인물, 문화재, 종교와 사상, 문학과 예술, 음식, 생활문화와 민속이라는 항목으로 분류될 수 있는 많은 문화유산을 들 수 있다. 이를 실제로 문화콘텐츠로 개발하여 활용하는 방안의 예로는 그 해양문화유산을 영상콘텐츠ㆍ웹콘텐츠화하는 방안과 임진왜란 당시 거북선 건조지인 여천선소유적을 테마파크화하는 방안을 제시하였다. The Yeosu area situated in the southern coast of the Korean Peninsula has a large number of maritime cultural heritages, since this area has played an important role in our maritime history as a center of sea-related activities, exchanges and protection. However, these heritages have not been protected and used enough because of the lack of understanding. Nowadays, it is believed that the cultural heritage is not an object to preserve but valuable resource to make use of. Furthermore, the cultural contents industry contributes greatly to the local economic development as high-value-added industry. In that context, this paper is to consider the ways to develop and use maritime cultural heritages in the Yeosu Area as cultural contents. In this area, there are many cultural heritages which can be classified into following categories: nature, historical event, figure, cultural property, religion & thought, literature & arts, food, and living culture & folklore. This paper suggests making documentaries and web contents concerning those heritages and developing Yeocheonseonsoyujeok (the Remains of Shipbuilding Site in Yeocheon) as an educational theme park.

해양 문화유산 실감콘텐츠 발전 방향 연구 : 신안선 실감콘텐츠 사례 분석을 중심으로

위상희,안형기,최희수 인문콘텐츠학회 2024 인문콘텐츠 Vol.- No.72

본 연구는 신안선을 활용한 실감콘텐츠의 특성과 발전 방향에 대한 것이다. 신안선은 1975년 전남 신안 앞바다에서 발굴된 중국 원나라 무역선으로 14세 기 동아시아 해양교류사 연구에 있어 중요한 문화유산이다. 현재 정보통신과학기술(ICT)을 활용한 다양한 디지털 문화유산 콘텐츠가 개 발되고 있으나 해양 문화유산을 활용한 콘텐츠 제작은 미흡한 실정이다. 따라 서 본 연구에서는 향후 해양 문화유산 콘텐츠 개발 방향을 도출하기 위해 2018년 이후 신안선을 소재로 한 국내 실감콘텐츠 사례를 조사하고, 전시 주 제, 전시 목적, 기술별 특징 등을 분석하였다. 연구결과 신안선 실감콘텐츠의 주제는 크게 ‘신안선의 항해와 침몰, 수중발 굴, 출토유물’ 등이었다. 대부분 박물관 전시콘텐츠로 제작되었으며 전시공간 의 시각적 몰입성을 강화하기 위해 프로젝션 맵핑이 주로 활용되었다. 전시 목 적에 따라서 프로젝션 맵핑에 XR, VR, 미디어 월 등 다양한 디지털 콘텐츠 기 술을 접목하고 있으며, 일부 콘텐츠의 경우 인터랙티브 요소를 결합하여 관람 객에게 체험 및 경험적 요소를 제공하기도 한다. 하지만 전시콘텐츠의 스토리텔링이 주로 신안선 해저발굴과 출토유물에만 초 점이 맞춰져 있어 콘텐츠의 주제가 획일적이고, 실감 미디어의 기술적 차이에 도 불구하고 콘텐츠의 차별화가 상쇄되기도 한다. 따라서 신안선이라는 소재 의 다양한 활용, 창의적인 연출, 참신한 스토리텔링 등을 통해 새로운 콘텐츠 제작 방향에 대해 모색할 필요가 있다. The topic of this study is about the characteristics and development direction of immersive contents using the Sinan shipwreck. This is a Chinese Yuan Dynasty trading ship excavated in 1975 off the coast of Sinan, South korea, and is an important cultural heritage in the study of the history of maritime exchange in East Asia in the 14C. Currently, various digital cultural heritage contents using information and communication science technology(ICT) are being developed, but the production of contents using maritime cultural heritage is insufficient. Therefore, in this study, in order to derive the direction of future development of maritime cultural heritage contents, we investigated the cases of domestic immersive contents based on the Sinan ship since 2018, and analyzed the exhibition theme, exhibition purpose, and characteristics of each technology. As a result of the research, the themes of the immersive contents of the Sinan shipwreck were largely 'the voyage and sinking of the Sinan ship, underwater excavations, and excavated artifacts'. Most of them were produced as museum exhibition contents, and projection mapping was mainly used to enhance the visual immersion of the exhibition space. Depending on the purpose of the exhibition, various digital content technologies such as XR, VR, and media walls are combined with projection mapping, and in the case of some contents, interactive elements are combined to provide experiential elements. However, since the storytelling of the exhibition contents mainly focuses on the excavation of the seabed of the Sinan shipwreck and the excavated artifacts, the theme of the contents is uniform, and the differentiation of the contents is offset by the technological differences of the realistic media. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new content production directions through various uses of the material of Sinan shipwreck, creative directing, and novel storytelling.

The Protection of Underwater Cultural Heritage in Disputed Maritime Areas: A Case Study of the South China Sea

Hui Zhong 경남대학교 극동문제연구소 2020 ASIAN PERSPECTIVE Vol.44 No.4

The South China Sea (SCS) has a wealth of underwater cultural heritage (UCH). However, due to contested maritime delimitation, coastal states cannot refer to the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or the Convention on the Protection of the Underwater Cultural Heritage to prevent unauthorized interference with UCH and implement the principle of in situ protection. UCH located in the SCS is thus vulnerable to being destroyed or salvaged. This article focuses on the issue of UCH protection and management in the disputed SCS, which has far-reaching implications for other disputed maritime areas where littoral states are in dispute concerning how their overlapping maritime entitlements are to be determined.