Set Covering과 Minisum 기법을 활용한 시설물 최적위치 선정에 관한 연구 (119 구급대 위치선정사례에의 적용)

오세창,김정민 대한교통학회 2009 대한교통학회지 Vol.27 No.4

Quick accident spot reaching of 119ERU is the most important role in decrease of accident depth. If 4 minutes of wounded person pass after cardiac arrest, brain damage is begun. and If 10 minutes of wounded person pass after cardiac arrest, possibility to die rises. Accordingly, when establish 119ERU, need to consider travel time to traffic accidents spot. This treatise groped a facility location problem using SCLM and minisum location problem mutually. And existent minisum location problem has a problem that maximum travel time exceed λ. ERU to need in present situation and also can reduce average travel time. so this treatise propose midified minisum location problem. In case applying modified minisum location theory, 119ERU can arrive all demand and that is optimized about demand and travel time. Can minimise figure of 119 first aids to need in present situation applying this way, and also can reduce average passing time. Finally, this way can minimise figure of 119ERU to need in present situation and also can reduce average travel time. 교통사고 발생시 119구급대의 신속한 사고현장 도착이 사고심도 감소에 가장 중요한 역할을 한다. 교통사고가 발생하여 부상자가 심정지후 4분이 경과하면 뇌손상이 시작되고 10분이 경과하면 사망할 가능성이 높은 것으로 조사되고 있다. 이에 따라 119구급대의 설치 고려시 교통사고 발생지역까지 통행시간을 고려하여 위치를 결정할 필요가 있다. 본 논문에서는 119구급대의 위치를 결정하는 방안에 대해서 기존 location theory를 검토하여 SCLM과 minisum location theory를 상호활용하는 방안을 모색하였다. 또한 기존 minisum location theory를 적용할 경우 최대통행시간(λ)보다 통행시간이 증가하는 경우가 발생할 수 있는 문제점을 개선한 수정 minisum location theory를 제안한다. 수정 minisum location theory를 적용할 경우 모든 수요를 최대거리(λ)내에 도착하면서 수요량과 통행시간에 대해서 최적화된 119구급대의 위치를 알 수 있다.

1845년 김대건 신부 일행의 상륙 장소에 관한 연구

서종태 ( Seo Jong Tae ),변주승 ( Byeon Ju Seoung ) 대구사학회 2017 대구사학 Vol.127 No.-

This paper systemically investigated the disembarkation location of Bishop Ferreol, Fr. Daveluy and Fr. Andrew Kim Tae-gon(金大建) in 1845, which has a great historic significance in the Korean Catholic Church history and the local history. First of all, the missionaries who accompanied Fr. Andrew to Korea revealed that they disembarked at Ganggyeong(江景) Port or a remote place away from an entrance to Gyanggyeong Port. Based on the statement, Dallet suggested the theory of Gyanggyeong Port that Fr. Andrew and his party disembarked at Ganggyeong Port. However, St. Peter Choi Seon-Jeong(최선정) testified that Fr. Andrew and his party disembarked at Hwangsan(黃山) village in Ganggyeong in the beatification trial on the martyrs under persecution in the years of Gihae(己亥, 1839) and Byeongoh(丙午, 1846). Based on the testimony, Fr. Pichon proposed the theory of Hwangsan(華山) that the disembarkation location was Hwangsan Port rather than Ganggyeong Port. However, there was a limit in the theory of Hwangsan since it did not consider the records of the Nabawi Catholic Community, which mentioned that the disembarkation location was Hwasan. Meanwhile, Fr. Kim Hoo-sang suggested the theory of Hwasan in 1953 that Fr. Andrew and his party disembarked at Hwasan, based on the testimony of the Nabawi Catholic Community that was founded in 1882. However, some of the records of the Nabawi Catholic Community mentioned that the disembarkation location was Ganggyeong Port or Hwangsan Port. However, he clearly revealed Hwasan of Hwangsan Port in Ganggyeong as the disembarkation location. Therefore, the terms `Ganggyeong Port`, `Hwangsan Port` or `Hwasan` in the records of the Nabawi Catholic Community were not contradictory to each other, since the disembarkation location was expressed in different units depending on the well-knownness of the area. Therefore, it is right to consider Hwasan as the location at which Fr. Andrew and his party disembarked. Given the conditions for disembarkation, it is considered that the exact location was on the western edge of Hwasan towards Geumgang River that was hardly seen from the side of Naam Port(羅巖浦) or Hwangsan Port(黃山浦). (Jeonju Universty Dept. of History and Culture Contens, seojong21@hanmail.net) (Jeonju Universty Dept. of History and Culture Contens, solyong2@hanmail.net)

공간, 영화, 영화-공간에 대한 미학적 고찰 ―헤르만 슈미츠의 신체현상학적 이론을 중심으로

하선규 현대미술학회 2008 현대미술학 논문집 Vol.1 No.12

The matter of 'space' has been a key theme of human culture. Today, we are discussing it in daily life or theoretically from various point of view. We are using the concept of space in various meanings such as physical space, geographical space, architectural space, space as a landscape, aesthetic space, social space, media space, cyber space and so on. Yet, when asked what the exact meaning of space is, we can't properly answer the question. Considering these difficulties about definition of the meaning of space, this paper examines firstly the theory of space of Kant because his theory of space still has a classical significance in two aspects. It suggests systematic theory on physical-objective space as well as tries to approach phenomenologically to the matter of space. Secondly this paper deals with the problem of space experience by focusing on German philosopher, Hermann Schimitz's theory of space. His body-phenomenological access reveals various aspects and implications that the spatial experience of human includes. Specially his explanation on three dimensions of space experience - 'expansion-space' 'direction-space' and 'location-space' - has a remarkable systematic value and theoretical persuasion. In addition it is extraordinary impressive that he emphasizes spatial character of emotion. His body-phenomenological theory of space is thought to have productive potential regarding film theory. Therefore this paper discusses thirdly the reason why the film is regarded as a proper medium that expends and strengthens our space experience. It also analyzes the way in which genuine properties of film are related to spatial experience of film spectators. Film can be defined as a medium that more vitally expresses the direction-space, movement and spatial situation of emotion than any other art form. The deep understanding of space experience will be applied to reflect perceptional process and aesthetic properties of other art forms such as painting, sculpture, play, opera etc. Furthermore through such differentiations of space experience we can precisely interpret the meanings and effectiveness of cultural systems like media forms or political events. The matter of 'space' has been a key theme of human culture. Today, we are discussing it in daily life or theoretically from various point of view. We are using the concept of space in various meanings such as physical space, geographical space, architectural space, space as a landscape, aesthetic space, social space, media space, cyber space and so on. Yet, when asked what the exact meaning of space is, we can't properly answer the question. Considering these difficulties about definition of the meaning of space, this paper examines firstly the theory of space of Kant because his theory of space still has a classical significance in two aspects. It suggests systematic theory on physical-objective space as well as tries to approach phenomenologically to the matter of space. Secondly this paper deals with the problem of space experience by focusing on German philosopher, Hermann Schimitz's theory of space. His body-phenomenological access reveals various aspects and implications that the spatial experience of human includes. Specially his explanation on three dimensions of space experience - 'expansion-space' 'direction-space' and 'location-space' - has a remarkable systematic value and theoretical persuasion. In addition it is extraordinary impressive that he emphasizes spatial character of emotion. His body-phenomenological theory of space is thought to have productive potential regarding film theory. Therefore this paper discusses thirdly the reason why the film is regarded as a proper medium that expends and strengthens our space experience. It also analyzes the way in which genuine properties of film are related to spatial experience of film spectators. Film can be defined as a medium that more vitally expresses the direction-space, movement and spatial situation of emotion than any other art form. The deep understanding of space experience will be applied to reflect perceptional process and aesthetic properties of other art forms such as painting, sculpture, play, opera etc. Furthermore through such differentiations of space experience we can precisely interpret the meanings and effectiveness of cultural systems like media forms or political events.

오늘날에 있어서 중심지 이론의 역할

성준용 국토지리학회 2004 국토지리학회지 Vol.38 No.3

After Christaller established the foundation of Central Place Theory, it has become a famous theories of spatial order in human geography from its deductive approach in pursuit of spatial law. Central Place Theory helped to solidate the theoretical foundation of spatial school as well as to fulfill the transitional gap between traditional idiographic approach and nomothetic approach in human geography. Furthermore, Central Place Theory provided a fresh theoretical base and ideas to geographers who had suffered from the lack of own theories. Despite several defects and limitations, Central Place Theory itself has extended its theoretical horizon towards the following directions; (1) consumer behavior study, (2) probabilistic central place theory based on supplier-consumer behavior, (3) dynamic theoretical approach for the central place system, (4) the “Tertiary activity theory” applied within urban areas. In addition, Central Place Theory has closely related to the development of following research subjects including (1) location theory of periodic market, (2) wholesaling location theory, (3) spatial diffusion, (4) growth pole theory, (5) urban system studies. 크리스탈라(Christaller,1933)에 의하여 확립된 중심지이론은 인문지리학 가운데에서 유명한 공간적 질서의 이론이다. 그것은 연역적으로 추구한 공간적질서의 이론으로, 새로운 공간학파의 지리학의 발전에 크게공헌하였다. 그의 이론은, 지역적인 개성추구를 중시하는 전통적인 지리학으로부터 새로운 지리학(new남겼다. 중심지이론의 등장은, 종래 인문지리학 자체의 이론 빈곤으로 인접 제 과학의 연구성과의 흡수에 급급해 왔던 인문지리학에 있어서 쾌거라 아니 할 수 없다. 중심지이론은 여러 가지의 문제점이 지적되고 있으나, 그러한 가운데 새로운 이론추구의 움직임을 찾아 볼 수 있다. 그것은, 1.행동과학적 접근방법, 2.확율론적약 할 수 있 다 . 반 면 , 1 . 정 기 시 입 지 론 , 2 .도매입지론, 3.공간적확산연구, 4.성장중심이론, 5.도시시스템연구와 같은 관련분야를 갖는 것으로 정리된다.

입지론 시각의 풍수지리: 전통입지와 현대입지의 비교관점에서

손용택,남상준 한국사회과교육연구학회 2022 사회과교육 Vol.61 No.1

This research goes for how the peng-shui(風水) geography can be applied today by how the situation featuring the Four Dieties(四神砂) and the contents getting water deuksu(得水) is interconnected with the modern hermeneutics of location theory. Focused on a mountain in the back and water in the front(背山臨水), the location of village, deuksu, and yanggi(陽基) peng-shui are well studied. Followings are the conclusions. Firstly, the Four Dieties in the peng-shui geography is classified by those of eumtaek(陰宅) and yangtaek(陽宅) [or yanggi(陽 基)]. The eumtaek Four Dieties are qualified by the Black Tortoise(玄武) of the north, the Azure Dragon(靑龍) of the east, the Vermilion Bird(朱雀) of the south and the White Tiger(白虎) of the west, whereas feasible are the multiple interpretations good or bad depending on how the mountains from four directions are featuring. Secondly, the yangtaek Four Dieties substitutes for a function of Four Dieties as a condition of mountain, river, road, and pond(山川道澤). Thirdly, the deuksu is an important agent working for the traditional living environment, village location, and modern location theory. In the yanggi(陽基) peng-shui, the Black Tortoise of the north and the Azure Dragon of the east are directly interconnected with the deuksu. Fourthly, showing similarity with the modern location theory, a situation of a mountain in the back and water in the front is mutually interconnected with the Four Dieties of mountain, river, road, and pond. Lastly, these are the cultural geography grounded on recognizing the traditional geography and also closely interconnected with location theory on a perspective of economic geography, which holds a meaningful implication of the social studies education. 본 연구의 목적은 풍수지리의 사상 철학적 원리를 살펴 서양에서 들여온 지리학의 입지론적 시각과 어떠한 유사점과 차이점이 있는지 살피고 현대의 활용면을 고찰하는데 있다. 연구결과는 첫째, 사신사에서 배산임수의 지형적 조건은 현대 지리학의 입지선정에서도 중요시되는 조건이다. 둘째, 풍수에서의 북현무, 좌청룡, 우백호, 남주작 등 사신사(四神砂)는 비교적 작은 규모의 입지환경을 조성하는 것에 유의미하며 발복 명당의 중심인 혈(穴)을 둘러싼 산세 조건이다. 셋째, 사신사는 도시와 같은 큰 규모의 양기(陽基)풍수에서 산(북), 하천(동), 도로(서), 연못(남)의 환경으로 대체된다. 대체된 사신사 개념은 도시계획상의 입지조건으로 응용할 수 있다. 넷째, 풍수지리에서 득수(得水)는 오늘날 물의 활용 측면을 말한다. 전통마을의 식수, 농업용수, 나루터 취락, 오늘날 항구의 공업도시 발달 등은 물 관리와 활용 측면이며 이를 기준하면 성격상 ‘절대입지’로 설명 할 수 있다. 항구 공업도시는 교통상 적환지, 상대입지이기도 하다. 다섯째, 서양의 입지론은 영리에 초점을 두고 무한 개발을 추구하는 반면, 풍수지리는 인간과 자연이 상생하는 지속가능성과 성장의 한계 및 안정을 추구하는 환경철학을 담고있다. 연구결과를 통해 풍수지리 사상과 원리의 온고이지신(溫故而知新)은 인문지리(경제지리의 입지론) 시각에서 유의미한 바가 있으며 인간-자연 관계의 균형점과 지속가능성을 추구하는 내용은 사회과교육(문화지리, 지리교육)적 함의에 유용성을 지닌다.

임미시온의 위법성 판단기준 - 민법 제217조와 수인한도론을 중심으로 -

안경희 ( Kyung Hee Ahn ) 한국환경법학회 2015 環境法 硏究 Vol.37 No.2

이 논문은 민법 제217조와 판례를 통하여 형성된 수인한도론을 중심으로 매연, 음향 등과 같은 불가량물에 의한 생활방해, 즉 임미시온의 위법성 판단기준에 대하여 검토하고 있다. 임미시온은 토지의 경계를 넘어서 이웃 토지로 확산되는 성질을 가지므로 일정한 정도의 임미시온은 허용되는 것으로 보아야 하는데, 그 허용기준을 설정하는 것이 제217조와 수인한도론이다. 먼저 제217조는 토지의 통상의 용도에 적합한 생활방해는 허용되는 것으로 법정하고 있다. 이에 비하여 판례는 사회공동생활을 하는 이상 일방이 타방에 어떤 피해를 준다 할지라도 상호간에 어느 정도까지는 이를 참고 수인해야 할 범위가 있음을 전제로, 이 수인한도를 넘는 생활방해 내지 손해를 입히면 위법성이 있는 것으로 해석한다. 이 수인한도론은 임미시온의 문제를 불법행위로 다루는 일본에서 프랑스 판례를 통하여 형성된 권리남용론을 발전시킨 이론이다. 제217조에서 생활방해의 허용기준으로 제시되고 있는 ‘토지의 통상의 용도에 적합한지의 여부’는 불확정개념인데, 문헌에서는-독일민법 제906조에서처럼- 침해의 중대성, 지역통상성, 회피가능성이라는 3가지의 척도를 중심으로 이 개념을 해석한다. 이에 비하여 수인한도론을 취하는 판례는 피해의 성질 및 정도, 피해이익의공공성과 사회적 가치, 가해행위의 태양, 가해행위의 공공성과 사회적 가치, 방지조치 또는 손해회피의 가능성, 공법적 규제 및 인·허가관계, 지역성, 토지이용의 선후관계 등 모든 사정을 종합적으로 고려하여 임미시온에 대한 수인한도를 판단한다. 판례에서 제시되고 있는 수인한도의 고려요소와 제217조에 따른 척도를 비교해보면, ‘피해의 성질 및 정도, 가해행위의 태양’은 ‘침해의 중대성’에서, ‘방지조치또는 손해회피의 가능성’은 ‘가능성’에서, ‘공법적 규제 및 인·허가관계, 지역성, 토지이용의 선후관계’는 ‘지역통상성’에서 다루는 내용들과 유사하다. 이와 같이 수인한도론에서 제시하고 있는 판단기준이 제217조의 기준에 거의 상응하는 것에 비추어 볼 때, 수인한도론은 제217조와 같은 규정을 두고 있지 않은 일본에서 입법적 흠결을 보완하기 위하여 제시된 이론이라고 할 수 있다. 그렇다면 임미시온의 허용기준에 대한 명문규정을 두고 있는 우리의 경우에는 생활방해와 불법행위를 불문하고 임미시온의 위법성은 제217조에 따라서 판단되어야 한다. This study reviews criteria for unlawfulness in Immission or nuisance by imponderable substances such as fumes and sound, focusing on theory of tolerance limits formed through Article 217 of Korean Civil Code and judicial precedents. Due to the nature of Immission, which is passing the boundary and spreading to neighboring land, residents in the region may suffer disturbed sleep and hearing problem because of noise from certain facilities. As to noise propagation, however, it is not possible to prohibit all noises and certain level of noise is permitted; Article 217 and Theory of Tolerance Limits set the acceptable standards. First, Article 217 allows nuisance that is suitable for ordinary purpose of the land. Meanwhile, judicial precedents premise that there is scope for ones in community to accept some damages from one another, and interpret that nuisance or damage over such tolerance limits is unlawful. The theory of tolerance limits is the theory developed from theory of right abuse, which is formed based on French judicial precedent by Japan where treats Immission as unlawful act. ‘Acceptability of ordinary purpose of land,’ which is proposed as criteria for naissance in Article 217, is indefinite concept; however, documents such as Article 906 of German Civil Code interpret this concept based on three criteria, which are materiality of Interference, customary in the location, possibility of avoidance. On the contrary, judicial precedents taking Theory of Tolerance Limits judge the tolerance limits for Immission, in comprehensive consideration all circumstances including nature and level of damage, publicness and social value of damaged profits, form of harmful act, publicness and social value of harmful act, possibility of preventive measure or harm avoidance, regulation and incensing of public law, regional characteristics, order of land usage, etc. In comparison of considerations for tolerance limits suggested by judicial precedents and criteria based on Article 217, similarities were found: ‘nature and level of damage, form of harmful act’ with ‘materiality of interference,’ ‘possibility of preventive measure or harm avoidance’ with ‘possibility of avoidance,’ and ‘regulation and incensing of public law, regional characteristics, order of land usage’ with ‘customary in the location.’ Thus, the criteria by Theory of Tolerance Limits mostly correspond with criteria by Article 217. It is reasonable to consider the theory is proposed to supplement legislative defect in Japan where does not have regulation similar to Article 217. Therefore, in case of Korea where has substantive enactment for acceptable standards Immission, unlawfulness of Immission shall be judged in accordance with Article 217, instead of Theory of Tolerance Limits, regardless of nuisance and unlawful acts.

클러스터와 공업지결정요인에 관한 이론연구 - 포터(M.Porter)의 경쟁의 경제효과를 중심으로 -

오준석 ( Oh Joon Seok ) 한국부동산학회 2010 不動産學報 Vol.40 No.-

1. CONTENTS (1) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study is to figure out how the firm-based location theory can be implemented to bring out anlternatives in Korean Cluster Planning. (2) RESEARCH METHOD This study was mainly driven by literature surveys. In the study, I tried to explain why the firm-based approach should be considered in the current situation dealing with cluster planning in Korea. As alternatives, I built up a firm-based location decision model based upon Michael Porter's economics of competition. (3) RESEARCH FINDINGS I came to build up a firm-based location decision model based upon Michael Porter's economics of competition, which can explain what matters in cluster planning in industrial location. More than that, I analyzed to compare with traditional location models with firm-based models. 2. RESULTS For this reason, I come to conclusion that the application of firm-based location model should be considered and adopted to make a feasible decision on industrial location policy.

Location Tax/Subsidy Competition: When Governments Set Their Policies After Firms Choose Their Locations

Hamada Kojun,Ogawa Yoshitomo,Yanagihara Mitsuyoshi 한국국제경제학회 2021 International Economic Journal Vol.35 No.3

In this study, we examine the location tax/subsidy competition between two countries when governments set tax or subsidy policies after firms have decided their location using a third-market model. The previous literature on tax competition with the choice of production location of firms has relied on a model in which governments set tax/subsidy policies before firms choose their production location between countries. However, if governments cannot commit to their policies in advance, the timing of decision-making changes so that governments determine their tax/subsidy rates after firms choose their location. Considering the different timings of the game, we show the following results. First, firms choose to stay in the countries in which they were originally established and governments subsidize the firms located in their countries. As a result, exporting countries fall into excessive subsidization competition, whereas firms can obtain higher profits than in the no-subsidization case. Second, when tax/subsidy authorities are tax-revenue maximizers, there are two different equilibria in tax competition in which each firm chooses to locate in different countries. Social welfare is larger when governments are tax-revenue maximizers than when they are social-welfare maximizers, whereas firms’ profits are smaller when governments are tax-revenue maximizers.

투고논문 : 도산서당(陶山書堂)의 전통(傳統) 입지환경(立地環境)

박정해 ( Jeong Hae Park ) 경북대학교 퇴계연구소 2012 퇴계학과 유교문화 Vol.51 No.-

전통 입지환경에서 중요한 의미를 가지는 풍수는 현대과학과는 다른 차원에서 친환경적인 의미를 가지고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 논리적 구성을 가지고 있어 이를 바 라보는 시각도 변화하고 있다. 우리 조상들이 가지고 있던 입지관과 지리관을 살 펴보는 데 있어서 없어서는 안 될 중요한 잣대로 풍수는 그 의미를 소홀히 할 수 없다. 그렇다면 어떤 인식적 사고를 가지고 풍수를 논하고 실제 입지에는 어떤 활 용성이 반영되어 있는지를 살펴보는 것도 의미를 가진다고 할 것이다. 특히 퇴계 선생도 도산서당의 입지선정에 풍수를 반영하고 있는데 어떤 모습으로 어떻게 입 지선정에 활용되었는지 살펴보는 것도 큰 의미를 갖는다. 『山陵議狀』을 통해 조선에 영향을 미친 형세풍수는 주자의 학문과 마찬가지로 지대한 영향을 조선에 미쳤다. 형세풍수를 중시하는 풍수논리는 비단 도산서당뿐 만 아니라 영남지방에 입지한 서원들에서 공통적으로 나타나는 모습이다. 이것은 전통을 소중히 여기는 보수적인 영남지역의 풍수인식도 작용한 결과라고 할 수 있 다. 따라서 퇴계의 학문과 풍수실력이 반영되어 영남학파의 중추적 역할을 담당한 도산서당은 형세론에 바탕을 두고 입지를 선정한 것이다. Feng shui which has important meaning in traditional location of Korea has also another meaning of environment-friendly value in modern science. Moreover the view on it has been changed due to its acceptable logic. Feng shui that had been a standard for the view of traditional location and geography should not be neglected. It is important how Feng shui has to be acknowledged and how it has to be actually applied to modern life. Yi Hwang(李滉) whose pen name is Toegye(退溪) applied Feng shui to Dosan Seodang(陶山書堂, a village school in the Joseon Dynasty) for selecting the location. Feng shui on a theory of the environment situation(形勢論) that was resulted from 『San-Reung-Eui-Jang(山陵議狀, a record of discussion about mountain and hill)』 seriously influenced the society of the Joseon Dynasty. The logic of Feng shui which puts emphasis on the theory of the environment situation appears not only Dosan Seodang but also overall Seodangs in Youngnam(嶺南) area in Korea commonly, which resulted in the conservative awareness of Feng shui in Yongnam area. Therefore, Dosan Seodang that played a pivotal role for the Yongnam school by Toegye`s study and Feng shui was constructed by the theory of the environment situation in Feng shui.

현대사회에서의 종교의 사회적 위치와 공공성

정태식(Jung Tai-sik) 한신대학교 신학사상연구소 2008 신학사상 Vol.0 No.142

  본 연구는 종교의 공적 역할을 중심으로 현대사회에서의 종교의 사회적 위치에 대하여 논구한다. 그것은 종교에 대한 이데올로기적 종교비판과 대표적 세속화이론인 사유화이론이 주장하는 종교의 사유화 현상에도 불구하고 여전히 종교가 현대사회에서 성행하며 때로는 공적 영역으로 재등장하여 새로운 사회정치적 역할을 수행하기 때문이다.   따라서 본 연구는 정교분리원칙을 기본으로 하는 정치사회적 환경에서 종교의 위치와 역할을 재평가하고 그 실체와 한계에 대하여 논한다. 이를 위해 우선 마르크스와 베버를 중심으로 한 고전사회학적 논의를 통해 현대사회의 종교의 사회적 위치를 재구성한다. 다음으로 사유화이론에 대한 재평가를 통해 현대사회에서의 종교의 실체, 즉 주술화, 상품화 등에 대하여 논한다. 마지막으로 종교의 공적재등장과 공공성의 회복에 대한 분석적이고 규범적인 평가와 함께 공적 종교의 성격에 대하여 논한다.   결론적으로 근대사회에 대한 이데올로기적 종교비판과 더불어 사유화이론의 지배적 패러다임에도 불구하고 종교는 여전히 때로는 사회윤리의 최후의 보루로서, 때로는 사회의 현상(現狀) 유지를 위한 보수적 기제로서 작동하기도 하고, 아니면 정당 등의 정치적 조직을 통해 정권 장악을 노리기도 한다. 그러나 우리가 중요시 여기는 것은 현대사회에서 종교는 공적 담론의 장인 시민사회로 진입하여 사회적 담론 이슈를 제공하기도 하고 적극 참여하면서 건조한 목적합리성의 하위체계인 관료주의 국가제체와 자본주의 시장경제체제를 견제하고 통제하며 재규범화할 수 있다는 것이다.   Centered on the public role of religion, this study tries to research the social location of religions in the modem society. It is due to the fact that, despite of the ideological critique of religion and the theory of privatization of religion, religions of all kinds manage to thrive, and sometimes resurge in the modem world performing new socio-political roles and influence.   Thus, this study reevaluates the location and role of religions in the modem socio-political environment primarily based on the dis-establishment of religion, and figures out their reality. For this, the social location of religions is reconstructed with the discussion of Marx"s and Weber"s theory on religion. Then, by way of reevaluating the theory of privatization, we reveal the reality of religion, especially its tendency to be magicized and commodified. Finally, following the discussion about the historical resurgence of public religions in modem world, we try to characterize them, and reevaluate their social location.   In conclusion, religions still work as the last citadel for the social mores, function for the maintenance of the status quo, and often aim to grasp political power organizing political parties. However, what we think highly important is that in the modem society some religions enter into civil society, a public sphere of discourse, providing some discursive issues. Moreover, they can control and balance the bureaucratic state and the capitalist market economy systems, put them into the normative question, and try the re-normatization of public sphere.