Application of Generic Algorithm to Inspection Planning of Fatigue Deteriorating Structure

Kim, Sung-chan,Fujimoto, Yukio,Hamada, Kunihiro The Society of Naval Architects of Korea 1998 Journal of ship and ocean technology Vol.2 No.1

Genetic Algorithm (GA) is applied to obtain optimal Inspection plan for fatigue deteriorating structures. The optimization problem is defined so as to minimize inspection cost in the 1ifs-time of the structure under the constraint that the increment of failure probability in each inspection interval is maintained below a target value. Optimization parameters are the inspection timing and the inspection quality. The inspection timing is selected from the discrete intervals such as one year, two years, three years, etc. The inspection quality is selected from the followings; no inspection, normal inspection, sampling inspection or precise inspection. The applicability of the proposed GA approach is demonstrated through the numerical calculations assuming a structure consisting of four member sets. Influences of the level of target failure probability, initial defect condition and stress increase due to plate thickness reduction caused by corrosion on inspection planning are discussed.

Deep Learning Based Real-Time Painting Surface Inspection Algorithm for Autonomous Inspection Drone

임헌영,장현영,한승룡 한국부식방식학회 2019 Corrosion Science and Technology Vol.18 No.6

A deep learning based real-time painting surface inspection algorithm is proposed herein, designed for developing an autonomous inspection drone. The painting surface inspection is usually conducted manually. However, the manual inspection has a limitation in obtaining accurate data for correct judgement on the surface because of human error and deviation of individual inspection experiences. The best method to replace manual surface inspection is the vision-based inspection method with a camera, using various image processing algorithms. Nevertheless, the visual inspection is difficult to apply to surface inspection due to diverse appearances of material, hue, and lightning effects. To overcome technical limitations, a deep learning-based pattern recognition algorithm is proposed, which is specialized for painting surface inspections. The proposed algorithm functions in real time on the embedded board mounted on an autonomous inspection drone. The inspection results data are stored in the database and used for training the deep learning algorithm to improve performance. The various experiments for pre-inspection of painting processes are performed to verify real-time performance of the proposed deep learning algorithm.

정기검사 시설기준 개선이 입자상물질(PM10) 배출에 미치는 영향

최성규,김용달,이재영,김호경,노기성,박정수 사단법인 한국자동차안전학회 2019 자동차안전학회지 Vol.11 No.1

The particulate matter that was emitted always come up by atmospheric environmental problem. Running on the road vehicles must have regular inspection at regular period and make sure the emissions of exhaust gases exceed the legal standards. Emission test for the atmospheric environment, but it is not free from the particulate matter. Currently, emission test of vehicle inspection is divided into regular inspection and close inspection. Regular inspection and close inspection differ not only the method of emission test, but also the facility standards that must have for this inspection. According to the “Regulations on the Implementation of Comprehensive vehicle Inspection, etc.”, close inspection must have trapping device that is trap particulate matter by emission test to vehicle. However, regular inspection is different. Regular inspection do not specify any criteria for trapping facilities. Therefore, this study is confirm how to prevent the emission of particulate matter to the atmosphere during the year when mandatory trapping facilities are required to trapped particulate matter in the regular inspection.

A Sampling Inspection Plan with Human Error

Yong-Hwa Lee,Seung-Kweon Hong 대한인간공학회 2011 大韓人間工學會誌 Vol.30 No.5

Objective: The aim of this study is to design a sampling inspection plan with human error which is changing according to inspection time. Background: Typical sampling inspection plans have been established typically based on an assumption of the perfect inspection without human error. However, most of all inspection tasks include human errors in the process of inspection. Therefore, a sampling inspection plan should be designed with consideration of imperfect inspection. Method: A model for single sampling inspection plans were proposed for the cases that visual inspection error rate is changing according to inspection time. Additionally, a sampling inspection plan for an optimal inspection time was proposed. In order to show an applied example of the proposed model, an experiment for visual inspection task was performed and the inspection error rates were measured according to the inspection time. Results: Inspection error rates changed according to inspection time. The inspection error rate could be reflected on the single sampling inspection plans for attribute. In particular, inspection error rate in an optimal inspection time may be used for a reasonable single sampling plan in a practical view. Conclusion: Human error rate in inspection tasks should be reflected on typical single sampling inspection plans. A sampling inspection plan with consideration of human error requires more sampling number than a typical sampling plan with perfect inspection. Application: The result of this research may help to determine more practical sampling inspection plan rather than typical one.

점검-정비 모형에서 열화부품의 발견확률을 고려한 시스템의 최적 점검주기

김대경,박병노,송미옥,임재학 한국신뢰성학회 2022 신뢰성응용연구 Vol.22 No.4

Purpose: The determination of the optimal inspection interval of a system is a critical factor that can influence its maintenance. Frequent inspections yield shorter inspection intervals and higher inspection costs compared with infrequent inspections, which lead to an increase in the total maintenance cost due to the frequent occurrence of failures. The objective of this study is to determine the optimal inspection interval, which minimizes the total expected cost until the system is overhauled. Methods: We developed an inspection - maintenance cost model by considering the unit inspection cost, the cost for preventive maintenance, and the cost for corrective maintenance as well as the cost and quantity of a component, the distribution of the lifetime of components, and the probability of finding fault or failure during inspections. Results: We propose a novel method for determining the optimal inspection interval, which minimizes the total expected cost. The proposed method can be applied to systems consisting of one or more types of components. The data, which is derived from the case study that is documented in the previous research [13], are utilized to illustrate that the proposed method is effective for determining the optimal inspection interval and for conducting sensitivity analysis. Finally, we apply the proposed method to determine the optimal inspection interval pertaining to a component of auxiliary power that is built into railway trains. Consequently, we observed that a relationship exists between the reduction in the cost of operating the system and the current inspection interval. Conclusions: The proposed method can be effective for other repairable systems, which undergo inspection, preventive maintenance, and corrective maintenance.

Automated Ultrasound-based Inspection of Rails: Review

Suvi Santa-aho,Antti Nurmikolu,Minnamari Vippola 한국철도학회 2017 International Journal of Railway Vol.10 No.2

The main aim of the report is to review recent progress in the utilisation of ultrasound-based automated inspection systems for rails of railway tracks and to provide a basis for further research in the field of railway track inspection. This paper reviews the ultrasound technologies currently employed in the automated inspection of railway tracks, along with examples of recent field applications. The main research areas that this review focuses on are firstly, the utilisation of ultrasound inspection for rail tracks; secondly, the different automated ultrasound techniques, and, finally, the special features of the ultrasound inspection of railway tracks. In addition, there is a review of the most recent ultrasound-based systems, and future techniques that have not yet been automated or used in routine inspection.

감찰기구의 연혁에 따른 직무감찰 권한범위와 그 발전방안

유희상 감사연구원 2020 감사논집 Vol.- No.34

The Constitution gives the Board of Audit and Inspection (the “BAI”) the responsibility for job inspections on civil servants. While the BAI, as the Supreme Audit Institution, currently conducts both for job inspections and financial audits on civil servants, back in 1948 – when the Korean Government was established - these responsibilities were respectively assigned to the Board of Audit (for financial audit), and the Commission on Inspection (for job inspections). While the former maintained its structural identity until being merged into the BAI in 1963, the latter kept being scrapped and recreated. These shifts led to changing inspection responsibilities and authorities, finally taking the present form of job inspection of the BAI. This thesis aims to analyze these changes, and deduce the meaning, limitations and directions for authority and functional improvement of job inspection. As a chronological overview, the first audit institution was the aforementioned Commission on Inspection (the “COI”). At the beginning, the CoI had the authority to inspect illegality or corruptions of civil servants and request relevant document submission and opinion statements, and determine appropriate dispositions against perpetrators. The successor Inspection Committee’s authorities were made meaningless because job inspection was limited to civil servants’ corruptive behaviors while on duty, and separate requests for document or independent disposition determination was impossible. The recreated CoI, initially, could order evidence submission and interview witnesses, and make direct disposition, inspecting misconducts of civil servants and agencies while on duty. In the legislative amendment after the 1961 military coup, job inspection focused more on misconducts of civil servants and agencies, whose legislative history suggests the role of the Audit Institution was expanded to aggressively promoting improvement of administration, from detecting corruptions of civil servants. The above demonstrates that the focus of inspection on civil servants shifted from individual corruptions to non-compliance and inefficiencies of civil servants and agencies. This culminated in the declaration in the BAI Act of the purpose of job inspection, the improvement and promotion of administration. Thus, the focus of the BAI’s inspection should be less on personal corruption, and more on government policies and performances. To achieve such goal, systematic complementation is needed, allowing individual laws to designate job inspection targets, reinforcing document request authorities to avoid denials to such requests, and strengthening the enforcement of disposition authorities. 감사원은 헌법상 공무원에 대한 직무감찰업무를 담당하고 있다. 정부수립 당시에는 회계검사기구인 심계원과 감찰담당기구인 감찰위원회로 2원화 되어 있었는데 심계원은 1963년 감사원에 통합되기까지 동일성을 유지하였던 반면에 감찰담당 기구는 여러 차례 폐지와 설치를 거듭하였다. 감찰기구의 변천과정에서 담당 임무범위와 권한이 다르게 설계되어 오다가 오늘날의 감사원의 직무감찰권한으로 정착되게 된다. 따라서 과거의 감찰기구가 수행하였던 권한과 기능을 살펴봄으로써 감찰업무의 의미와 한계점, 발전방향에 대하여 검토할 수 있을 것이다. 연혁적으로 감찰기구는 초대 감찰위원회부터 감사원에 이르기까지 네 차례의 변화를 겪는다. 초대 감찰위원회는 공무원의 위법이나 비위에 대한 감찰권한과 서류제출이나 의견진술 요구권한이 부여되었고 징계의결권한을 행사하였다. 사정위원회의 감찰대상은 공무원의 직무상비위에 국한하였고 별도의 자료요구권이나 독립된 처분권한을 부여받지 못하는 등 형해화되어 있었다. 2대 감찰위원회는 설립초기에는 공무원과 행정기관의 직무상의 비위를 담당하고 증거제출명령권과 증인신문권이 부여되어 있었으며 징계처분권한까지 행사하였다. 1961년 법 개정을 통해 감찰위원회의 감찰업무가 공무원의 비위와 행정기관의 사무로 변경되면서 소극적인 비위조사업무를 벗어나 적극적으로 행정발전을 도모하도록 하였다. 이러한 감찰의 연혁을 살펴보건대, 공무원에 대한 감찰은 비위조사를 중심으로 하는 대인감찰보다는 공무원과 행정기관의 직무와 관련된 직무감찰로 중심이동이 되었고 감사원법에 직무감찰의 목적이 행정운영의 개선향상에 있음을 명시하였다. 따라서 감사원의 감찰업무는 직무감찰 외 개인적인 비위사항은 대상에서 제외된다. 반면에 정부의 시책이나 사업이 효율적으로 집행되고 있는지를 살피는 정책감사나 성과감사는 감사원 본연의 직무감찰 범위에 포함된다. 감사원이 직무감찰을 제대로 수행하기 위해서는 직무감찰의 범위를 다양화하여 개별법에서도 직무감찰 대상을 정할 수 있도록 하고 자료제출요구권을 강화하여 자료제출 거부와 같은 사태를 방지할 필요가 있으며 징계절차의 이행을 강화하는 등 제도적 보완이 필요하다.

운행 자동차의 첨단 자동차검사 시스템 도입에 관한 연구

여운석(Unseok Yeo),박원덕(Wondeok Park),정영달(Yongdal Jung),오상엽(Sangyeob Oh),강병도(Byungdo Kang) 한국자동차공학회 2012 한국자동차공학회 학술대회 및 전시회 Vol.2012 No.11

According to vehicle control regulations in 1917, vehicle inspection system of a vehicle in service has been conducted by the transportation safety authority and non-official servicing shops. In advanced country, a vehicle safety inspection system has been conducted according to its real situation. Especially, Japan, Germany and USA etc. make an effort not only the reliability, but also the quality of a safety inspection service by introducing an advanced vehicle inspection system. But, in korea, trying to improve the operation such as the development of a computing system, the automation of inspection equipment and inspection standard service etc. by the transportation safety authority during about 50 years, the existing vehicle safety inspection system has been conducted without the improvement of a special legal and system. In this study, in order to develope and introduce an advanced vehicle safety inspection system, which apply flexibly to new vehicle design technology and consider to the reliability and facility, we try to improve the efficiency of advanced safety inspection methods by comparing exist safety inspection methods with advanced safety inspection methods. And advancing the safety inspection equipment on the base of this study"s result, the purpose of this study make an offer to not only setting the equipment with applicable in inspection center, but also increasing the effectiveness of the vehicle inspection system, withdrawing inconvenience according to inspection a vehicle in service, and optimal servicing a vehicle safety inspection. Especially, up to now, the study on a safety inspection for a vehicle in service after a delivery new vehicle was not sufficient, we provide the fundamental data to a government policy on the base of this study"s result.

건축물 점검에서의 BIM데이터 구축 및 활용에 관한 연구 -제3종시설물 실태조사 및 건축물관리점검을 중심으로-

강찬,김명근,고인룡 한국산학기술학회 2024 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.25 No.3

In South Korea, the percentage of buildings aged 30 years or older has increased from 37.1% in 2018 to 41.0% in 2022. As of 2022, 54.3% of buildings in Seoul were aged buildings, exceeding half of the total. As the need to secure the stability and maintenance of these aged buildings grows, the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport inspects existing buildings. It establishes and performs a Facility Management System (FMS) and Building Life History Management System. On the other hand, the current inspection method relies on visual examinations and simple measuring instruments. In addition, different inspection agencies (inspectors) are designated in each inspection cycle. Nevertheless, there are challenges, such as different detailed inspection criteria of inspection agencies, inspection data omissions, and practical limitations to transmitting inspection information to subsequent inspection agencies. As a result, it is difficult to secure and manage consistent inspection information. This study assessed building inspection cases to propose standards for establishing and applying BIM data, focusing on information accumulation and continuity and transferring information efficiently to subsequent inspection agencies, as well as to understand the efficiency of BIM application to building inspection systems. Follow-up research will be needed on the appropriateness of detailed levels, information input and transmission system, and interaction with the national information system by applying BIM to actual building inspections based on these results.

감사원의 독립성 보장에 관한 소고– 최근 발의된 감사원법 일부개정법률안을 중심으로 -

김나루 전북대학교 부설법학연구소 2023 法學硏究 Vol.72 No.-

The Board of Audit and Inspection of Korea is a consensus organization that systematically belongs to the president, but functionally performs its work independently without interference from anyone. Ensuring independence and political neutrality is essential for the Board of Audit and Inspection to fairly and objectively perform audit examination, confirmation of settlement of accounts, inspection of duties. This is an important matter that determines the value of the existence of the Board of Audit and Inspection, and the Constitution of Korea and the Board of Audit and Inspection Act stipulate related contents such as the status and authority of the Board of Audit and Inspection to ensure independence and political neutrality. However, controversy over political audit and target audit continues due to the Board of Audit and Inspection's audit of projects and policies conducted by the previous government and the audit of the heads of institutions appointed by the previous government. Recently, in response to this controversy, some partial amendments to the Board of Audit and Inspection Act have been proposed to ensure independence and political neutrality of the Board of Audit and Inspection. In response, it is pointed out that the fairness of the audit can be guaranteed by preventing abuse of the auditor's authority, such as target audit and political audit, and at the same time, there is a possibility of infringement on the auditor's status and authority as a constitutional organization. Accordingly, we would like to examine whether some partial amendments respect the constitutional status of the Board of Audit and Inspection and allow the Board of Audit and Inspection to function as an auditor from a fair and objective standpoint.