오픈스페이스와 토지 이용 규제가 주택가격에 미치는 영향

정재호,이요한 한국도시행정학회 2019 도시 행정 학보 Vol.32 No.2

Recent Korean government housing policies, in response to the rapid housing price increase in highly demanded residential areas, aim to suppress speculative demands. However, the speculative demand is often caused by the limited housing supply in an area with favored local public goods such as high quality public education or open space. Among the local public goods, the existence of open space affect housing prices through two different channels, housing demand and housing supply. In the demand side, the existence of open space increases the willingness to pay of households for the housing close to open spaces. In the supply side, open space limits the size of available lands for housing construction in and around open space. In addition, the existence of open space often justifies government interventions in the form of land use regulations to protect the open space or to prevent massive development of open space. The main purpose of this study is to understand the impact of open space and land use regulation on housing price. To analyze the impact, we develop the simulation model of housing market in a city with one economic center. We compute average housing price changes with the changes in open spaces size, as well as the impact of land use regulation on housing prices that aims to prevents massive development of areas around open space. Simulation results show the relationship between housing price, open space and land use regulation. First, compared with a city without an open space, the average housing price of a city with open space is higher. The average housing price increases as the size of open space increase. In addition, when there exists land use regulation around open space that restricts the housing supply around open space, the average housing price increases. As restricted areas by the regulation increases, or the more restrictive the regulation is, the average housing price also increase more. We also found that housing price due to land use regulation around the open space varies by locations, which implies that the effect of land use regulation may be different depending on the different type of housing demand by location. 정부는 최근의 급격한 주택가격 상승이 투기 수요 증가에 의한 것으로 판단하여 주택에 대한 투기 수요를 억제하는 것을 목표로 하는 정책을 시행하였다. 하지만, 투기 수요는 선호되는 재화에 대한 공급이 부족한 경우 발생한다는 점을 고려하면 수요억제 정책은 공급부족에 의한 가격상승 문제에 대한 해결책이 될 수 없다. 본 연구는 가구의 주택에 대한 수요와 공급에 영향을 주는 요인 및 이같은 요인들이 주택가격에 미치는 영향을 분석하는 것을 목표로 한다. 구체적으로, 본 연구에서는 공원 등 가구의 효용에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 오픈스페이스가 가구의 주택에 대한 수요 및 주택 공급자의 주택 공급에 미치는 영향을 분석한다. 오픈스페이는 가구에 의해 선호되는 어메니티를 생산하는 동시에 주택으로 개발 가능한 토지의 공급을 제한하는 요인으로 작용한다. 또한, 정부에서는 오픈스페이스 및 주변 지역의 난개발 방지 등을 목적으로 다양한 형태의 토이지용규제를 도입하는데, 이러한 규제는 주택공급을 제한하는 요인이 된다. 본 연구에서는 시뮬레이션 분석을 통해서 오픈스페이스가 존재하는 지역은 그렇지 않은 지역에 비해 월세가 높으며, 오픈스페이스 주변 지역에 대한 규제가 존재하는 경우 규제가 적용되는 지역의 월세는 그렇지 않은 경우보다 더 높아짐을 보였다. 한편, 지역별 주택에 대한 수요를 고려하지 않고 획일적인 수준의 규제를 도입하는 경우, 규제로 인한 주택가격 상승 정도가 서로 다를 수 있음을 보였다. 이러한 결과는, 주택가격 안정 정책 수립 시 주택의 수요 및 공급에 영향을 주는 요인들에 대한 이해가 선행되어야 하며, 나아가 현재 존재하는 획일적인 기준의 토지이용 제한 정책에 대한 재검토가 필요함을 보여준다.

공공주택 공유공간의 계획 경향에 관한 연구 -대한민국 공공주택 설계 공모대전을 중심으로-

김진희 ( Kim Jinhee ),곽동화 ( Kwack Dongwha ),나현규 ( Na Hyeongyu ) 한국공간디자인학회 2021 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.16 No.3

(Background and Purpose) In the process of industrialization, Korea has been supplying high-density residential apartments to solve the problem of housing shortages. The apartments that were developed by maximizing the area of unit housing and minimized sharing space resulted in a lack of community. To solve these problems, changes to community recovery have been attempted in recent Public Housing proposals and plans to use sharing space as a central point have been proposed. In addition, new plans for sharing space are also being proposed as people's daily lives change due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, this study aims to propose the direction of developing sharing space by identifying the planning characteristics and trends of sharing space in the recent Public Housing plan. (Method) The subjects of the research analysis were the winners of the 2019 and 2020 Public Housing Design Competition. As a research method, theoretical considerations of such sharing space is conducted. Based on this, the components of the sharing space were derived through case analysis by Public Housing type. The relationship between physical spatial planning characteristics of derived elements and programs was analyzed to identify the tendency of Public Housing sharing space. (Results) The components of sharing space can grasp the different physical space characteristics depending on the type of Public Rental Housing, and the results of the comprehensive analysis are as follows. First, the path of the intermediate territoriality is designed as a through-type path in the complex considering the context of the surrounding urban organization, and local residents tend to use it together. Second, in general, the yard tends to be designed for both internal type and open type, distinguishing the space of residents from the space available to local residents. Third, when community facilities face two sides of the yard, the yard forms closed spaces and open spaces depending on whether they face an inner yard or an open yard. Fourth, when intermediate territoriality interacts with local residents, a continuous flow of intermediate territoriality and programs can help increase contact between local residents and residents. In addition, a new trend of sharing space for COVID-19 Prevention induces selective or essential encounters in sharing space through the distributed placement of through-type paths and internal yards. (Conclusions) As a result of this study, the recent Public Housing plan showed a tendency to plan an independent sharing space for residents and sharing space for the local residents in addition to the trend of sharing spaces to prevent COVID-19. Therefore, this study will serve as the basis for revitalizing the residents' community and strengthening the local community by presenting the direction of development when planning the sharing space of Public Housing in the future.

한·중·일 전통도시주거의 외부공간에 관한 비교 연구

임창복,김경환,지성광 대한건축학회 2006 대한건축학회논문집 Vol.22 No.2

Korea, Japan and China are regarded culturally similar considering its religion, climate and many other social respects. Comparing with that of Western nations, traditional urban housing of those 3 nations are believed to have many similarities and some differences. So, this paper aims to do the comparative study on the exterior space structure of traditional urban housing in Korea, China and Japan. As a case study area, the following districts are selected and analysed; Hanok of Gahoe-dong and Bomun-dong in Seoul, Siheyuan of Beijing, Lilong housing of Shanghai and Machiya of Kyoto. These cases appears specific about making of urban housing and space organization specially. In this study, block, street, housing type and specific character are analysed on the basis of same criteria. As a result, the following factors have been found. Firstly, as for the exterior space structure in block and streets, Lilong housing had the most systematic exterior space structure. Exterior space elements of Lilong housing had certain function and character. And the street of Lilong housing had closed space, because the street was narrow compared with the building height. Secondly, as for the exterior space structure in housing, Siheyuan had the most systematic and highest rate of exterior space. Thirdly, as for the overall exterior space structure, Siheyuan and Lilong housing had the most systematic exterior space structure. And all of cases had exterior space structure which divided by semi-public, semi-private, and private space. Siheyuan and Lilong housing had the most distinct exterior space structure.

국내외 저층집합주택의 사례분석에 따른 가로활성화를 위한 가로주택 외부공간 계획 연구

김민영,김정곤 한국문화공간건축학회 2020 한국문화공간건축학회논문집 Vol.- No.72

The housing plans focused on large housing complex that have been popular in Korea regarded housing unit, housing, building arrangements, and planning of outdoor space as separate objects of planning, excluded existing housing and street system, and pursued only profits from development. As a result, urban structure broke down and street system was fragmented. This study started from the reflection on the existing housing planning that focused only on the planning logic of separate space and viewed it important to plan the outdoor space of housing that is in contact with the street in order to recover the collapsed urban structure and streets and to secure various urban landscapes. At a time when ways of small-scale renewal are expected to be promoted, street housing is thought to be worthy of attention in that it can be developed in various scales, and through various combination of form and plane, it can avoid uniformity of landscape and satisfy the needs for new urban housing types. Street housing maintains the existing streets so it is closely related to the living streets of the existing residents. Targeting 7 cases of overseas block-unit street multifamily housing, this study examined the ways of interpreting street space and the ways of responding to street space and outdoor space, and searched for planning elements that can be applied to domestic street housing. As for the direct response to streets, there were ground -floor and lower level planning, and as for street landscape response, there were reflective outdoor space of housing block and shared space planning. So this study examined the necessity of planning outdoor space that faces streets and the planning elements, and searches for ways for street housing, which are gaining attention as a realistic alternative for urban regeneration, to be onnected to the surrounding environment, secure totality of livingenvironment, and pursues ways to vitalize streets.

도시형 유료노인복지주택의 활성화를 위한 공용공간 계획

장은혜(Jang, Eun-Hye),김미경(Kim, Mi-Kyoung) 한국실내디자인학회 2013 한국실내디자인학회논문집 Vol.22 No.1

Elderly welfare housing refers to a residential facility with diverse medical and welfare services for cohabitation of elderly. Especially, community shared spaces in the elderly welfare housing plays an important role as a place for community and leisure activities that enhance vitality of elderly life. The purpose of this study was to investigate types, planning characteristics and actual utilization of community shared spaces in for-profit elderly welfare housing. Eight for-profit elderly welfare housing facilities in Seoul and Gyeonggi province were selected for this study and categorized into small-, medium- and large-scale facilities based on the number of housing units. Community shared spaces in the elderly welfare housing were classified into six space types: social space, education space, exercise space, medical space, convenience space and leisure space. Findings are as follows. Small-scale elderly welfare housing facilities with less than 100 housing units had fitness centers, clinics, restaurants, convenience stores and hobby rooms which were required by law. All community shared spaces were planned on a single level. Fitness centers was found the most frequently used while the other spaces were not used very frequently. Medium-scale facilities with 100 to 299 housing units had multi-purpose halls, libraries, swimming pools, indoor and/or outdoor driving ranges, physical therapy centers, saunas, karaokes and so on. Most community shared spaces were found frequently used. Large-scale facilities with 300 or more housing units had religion rooms, community halls, hair salons, pharmacies, etc. In most facilities, community shared spaces were planned in distributed locations.

고령친화형 공공주택 리모델링 계획에 관한 연구

염태준 ( Yeom Taejun ),박미진 ( Park Mijin ),홍은기 ( Hong Eunki ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.1

(Background and Purpose) Korea is expected to reach super-aged society by 2026. More than 50 percent of the elderly over the age of 60 live in housing. In particular, caution is needed as 61.5 percent of elderly accidents occur within homes. In response, related standards are proposed to improve housing for the elderly. In response, Elderly-friendly standards are proposed to improve housing for the elderly. However, in housing, where the elderly reside, they face a planned problem that, deterioration buildings and the physical conditions of the elderly have not been taken into account at the initial design stage. In addition, it has been found that the size of housing is small, making it difficult to apply the housing standards for the elderly. The purpose of this study is to propose a plan for the elderly-friendly remodeling of housing and a plan for its application. It is believed that this will solve the problems of the elderly' safety and housing inconveniences that have emerged as social problems in the aging society and the use of aging housing. (Method) Through a comparative analysis of the criteria related to housing for the elderly in Korea, we identified the characteristics of each standard and problems with its application in remodeling. In addition, through analysis of the unit-space of housing, the plan for remodeling was derived considering the standard of housing for the elderly in Korea, and applied to the planning direction of elderly-friendly housing was proposed. (Results) The results of this study first, It is difficult to secure 1,500mm×1,500mm of wheelchair activity space in housing with a exclusive area of housing 59m². Therefore, 1,200mm×1,200mm was secured as an active space for walking assistance device. second, It is desirable to plan two bathrooms and approaching from the living room includes showering. It is appropriate to install a dry process washbasin and toilet and a well-waterproof holding door for shower booths. third, Balcony, which is difficult to secure an effective area of 1,200mm to 1,500mm, is advised to secure insufficient interior space through the expansion. fourth, Safety measures are installed as specified by the criteria, such as height-controlled furniture, handrail and slip-resistant finishing materials. It is appropriate to secure safety through the use of soft finish materials up to the height of handrail. fifth, For unit-space planning, it is appropriate to plan dead space as a storage space that is insufficient due to the securing of activity space. (Conclusions) A plan for remodeling of housing was applied to the unit-space that is continuously habitable in the current dwelling. This is expected to prevent safety accidents for the elderly and improve housing welfare.

1인 가구 주거공간의 코하우징 커뮤니케이션 특성 연구

유정 ( Liu Ting ),문승현 ( Moon Sunghyun ),신소현 ( Shin Sohyeon ),황연숙 ( Hwang Yeonsook ) 한국공간디자인학회 2020 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.15 No.8

(Background and Purpose) Recently, the number of single-person families has been increasing in Korean society. With this trend and the development of the “single-person residence” model, the dredged interpersonal relationship has been cut off, forming one-sided interpersonal relationships. Among the housing models developed to solve this problem, co-housing, the most representative one, activates communication by providing an exchange space where people can communicate. Therefore, this study analyzed previous research considering the co-housing communication space characteristics of a single-person family, and by investigating “sharing cases,” it puts forward the ideal planning direction of public housing communication space, which will be used as the basic data in the future. (Method) First, through a literature review, the definition of a single-person family was mastered, as well as common residence and the communication space types in the space composition types. Second, through the advance research, a checklist of the spatial characteristics of co-housing communication was obtained. Third, based on the list, this paper conducted field investigation and analyzed six cases of shared housing established after 2015 that could accommodate 10-29 people. Fourth, we conducted the final comprehensive analysis of the co-housing exchange space composition and obtain spatial characteristics of the conclusion. (Results) The spatial characteristics in the co-housing residence exchange space can be classified as proximity, openness, and interaction. In our analysis, the spatial characteristics had the highest openness and the lowest interaction. First, in terms of openness, the communication space covered a large area with few obstacles. Large windows are used for lighting, and white walls are used to improve the visual openness. In addition, there is no time limit. Second, considering proximity, most of the examples provided natural access to the communication space through the main entrance, and there were many examples of available signage. Most of the examples come in the form of intersections, with communication space on each floor, facilitating its use. However, people with disabilities or older people had difficulty using it. Third, in terms of interaction, the communication space that could accommodate all the residents was limited, and it is difficult to change the use or layout of large furniture according to residents’ needs due to the fixed location of lighting and furniture. In addition, due to the limited area, the layout and location of the space were difficult to replace. (Conclusion) At present, there is a continuous increase in the trend of single-member families. For this reason, we should develop further the spatial layout of co-housing and diversify the communication space. Therefore, it is necessary to put forward detailed design guidelines through a user questionnaire survey or interview and other approaches in the future.

일본 셰어하우스 사례조사를 통한 도시형 생활주택의 공용공간 발전 방향에 관한 연구

우소연(So Yeon Woo),남경숙(Kyung Sook Nam) 한국디자인문화학회 2013 한국디자인문화학회지 Vol.19 No.2

현대사회에 들어서면서 가족구조의 변화를 통해 1-2인 가구가 급속히 증가하였다. 이에 정부에서도 기존의 법을 완화하여 소형주택 보급을 활성화 하고자2009년 5월 4일 도시형 생활주택 제도를 도입하였으나 완화된 법규만큼 입주자의 생활의 질이 떨어질 수 있다는 우려가 나오고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 일본의 셰어하우스의 개요 및 공용공간의 공간구성을 사례연구하고 그 특징을 도출하여 국내 도시형 생활주택의 공용공간 발전방향을 제안하고자 한다. 사례조사는 일본 내 셰어하우스 최대 업체인 리비타의 공유플레이스 사이트에서 사례를 추출하여 공간설명을 참고하고 도면을 통해 공간 종류와 구성을 파악하는 것으로 진행하였다. 연구의 범위는 일본 셰어하우스 대표기업인 리비타가 운영하는 공유플레이스에서 도쿄에 위치하며 2010년 이후 리모델링한 셰어하우스 3곳의 사례로 한정하였다. 이렇게 셰어하우스의 특성을 분석한 후 그것을 토대로 도시형 생활주택의 공용공간 발전 방향을 제안한 내용은 다음과 같다. 주택내 공용공간은 접근성이 좋은 위치에 전체면적의 일정 비율 이상 계획되어야 한다. 또한 거주자의 요구를 반영한 다양한 종류의 공간으로 계획되어야 하며 면적의 한계를 극복하기 위해 여러 공간이 유기적으로 연결시켜 다목적으로 활용 가능하도록 하고 자투리공간을 충분히 활용하여 계획한다. 부가적으로 각 주택만의 차별화된 디자인으로 심미적 쾌적감을 줄 수 있도록 해야 한다. 본 연구는 국내 소형 공동주택의 발전 모델로 공용공간의 확대를 제안한 연구로써 일본의 발전된 사례를 조사하여 우리나라의 현황과 비교하고 참고할 수 있는 자료를 구축했다는데 그 의의가 있으며 앞으로 개발되는 국내 도시형 생활주택은 공용공간에 관한 연구가 다각도로 이루어져 1인 가구의 삶의 질을 높일 수 있는 주거형태로 나아가야 할 것이다. Entering the era of modern society, there has been a rapid growth in the number of single- or two-person households through the changes of family structure. In an attempt to alleviate the existing laws and activate the spread of small-sized houses, the government introduced the urban life housing system on May 4, 2009. However, voices have been raised about the possibility that quality of life might drop among the tenants due to the alleviated acts and regulations. This study thus conducted a case study on the overview of share housing in Japan and the spatial organization of its public space, identified its characteristics, and proposed some directions for developing the public space of urban life housing in South Korea. For the case study, the investigator found a group of cases at the place sharing site of Revita, Japan`s largest share housing company, and examined the types and organization of space on the drawing by consulting space explanations. The research scope was limited to three cases of share houses located in Tokyo at the place sharing site run by Revita and remodeled after 2010. Based on the analysis results of share housing characteristics, the study made the following proposals regarding directions of developing public space in urban life housing: The location of public space is easy for anyone to access and the space should be large enough for every dwellers. And there should be diversity in the types of space. Spaces should be organized to be connected with each other organically. Remnant space should be put to full use and planned to serve multiple purposes. Such an approach to organization will help to diversify the types of space and deliver an aesthetic sense of pleasure with a differentiated design for each house. The study proposed the expansion of public space as a model to help to develop small-sized apartment housing in the nation. It claims its significance in that it examined the advanced cases of Japan and built a set of data for comparison and consultation with the current state of South Korea. It is required to conduct multifaceted researches on the public space of urban life housing to be developed in the nation so that it will progress toward a housing format to increase quality of life in single-person households.

농어촌주택개량사업을 통한 강릉시 농촌 주거 공간 조사 연구

문정인 한국기초조형학회 2024 기초조형학연구 Vol.25 No.4

본 연구의 목적은 농촌주택개량사업의 결과물인 주거공간의 특성을 도출하는 것이며 지속해서 추진하는 농촌 주거환경개선 사업 자료의 축적 및 농촌주택의 건축계획 시 고려할 수 있는 계획의 기초자료로 사용하고자 한다. 연구대상은 2021년 강릉시 농촌주택개량사업으로 정부에서 지원하는 대출금을 지원받아 주택을 신축하거나 리모델링한 15가구를 대상으로 하였다. 연구의 방법은 대상 주거의 실태 및 면담 조사를 시행하였다. 분석 결과를 정리하면 다음과 같다. 첫 번째, 주택 주변의 환경은 대부분 농지를 중심으로 계획되어 있는 특징이 나타났다. 그리고 대지의 특징은 자연환경이 수려한 장점은 있지만, 접근이 어렵고 주변에 근린생활시설이 없으므로 다음에는 단지 조성을 통해 생활편의 시설에 대한 계획이 필요하다. 두 번째, 외부공간은 마당, 작업공간인 텃밭, 주차장, 옥외 데크로 구성되어 있었다. 그러나 농촌주택의 특성상 작업공간과 연계가 되어질 수 있는 데크는 거실과 연계가 대부분이므로 외부공간의 활성화를 위해 다용도실과 같은 서비스 공간과 연계가 될 수 있는 외부공간의 계획이 필요한 것으로 나타났다. 세 번째, 주거는 방, 거실, 주방, 화장실, 확장형 발코니, 옥외 데크로 구성되어 있었다. 하지만 지역 지구의 건폐율의 한계로 인해 내부공간을 좀 더 거주자의 개성에 맞게 계획하는 방안이 모색되어야 한다고 생각된다. 네 번째, 농어촌 주택사업의 행정절차는 어렵지 않으나 신청할 장소나 방법이 한정적이기 때문에 불편함이 초래되어 신청 방법에 대한 개선이 필요하다. 다섯 번째, 농촌에 거주하는 무주택자에 대한 지원사업이라 본인의 주거공간을 적극적으로 참여하여 계획하기 때문에 공간에 대한 만족도는 높게 도출된 특징이 나타났다. 하지만 신청 완료 후 건축설계 및 시공 전문가 섭외가 어려워 협력업체 지원 개선점이 필요한 것으로 도출되었다. The aim of this study is to show the characteristics of the residential space that is the result of the rural housing improvement project. This study intends to accumulate data on the continuously promoted rural residential environment improvement project and use it as a basic data for planning that can be considered when planning the construction of rural houses. The subjects of this study were 15 housing that newly built or remodeled houses with loans supported by the government as a rural housing improvement project in Gangneung City in 2021. For the method of the study, the actual condition of the target housing and interview were conducted. The analysis results are summarized as follows. First, most of the environment around the house was designed around farmland. And although the characteristic of the site is that it has a beautiful natural environment, it is difficult to access and there are no nearby living facilities. Second, the external space consisted of a yard, a vegetable garden, a work space, a parking lot, and an outdoor deck. However, due to the characteristics of rural houses, most decks that can be linked to the work space are linked to the living room, so it is necessary to plan an external space that can be linked with a service space such as a multi-purpose room to revitalize the external space. Third, the residence consisted of a room, living room, kitchen, bathroom, extended balcony and outdoor deck. However, due to the limitation of the building-to-land ratio, the interior space plan must be tailored to the individuality of the occupants. Fourth, the administrative procedures for rural housing projects are not difficult, but since the places and methods to apply are limited, the application method needs to be improved. Fifth, as it is a support project for the homeless living in rural areas, the satisfaction with the space was found to be high because it was planned by actively participating in their own residential space. However, it was determined that it was a need to improve the support of subcontractors because it was difficult to recruit experts in architectural design and construction.

아파트 모델하우스 욕실공간 색채경향에 관한 연구

김연경,이정교 한국기초조형학회 2008 기초조형학연구 Vol.9 No.6

Because of development of intelligent industry and improvement of culture level, bathroom space is changing into more complex space for rest and mental stability beyond simple physiology and sanitization space. The space, to which mental feature is applied, is closely associated with human's emotion and it is also associated with color. Therefore, the role of color becomes important day by day. The purpose of this study is to research color in bathroom space. The apartment model house is reflecting current feature and recent trend well. Therefore, this study wants to research color trend by focusing on bathroom space of apartment model house. On the basis of bathroom space and theoretical background about color, the study is focused on case analysis of 8 construction companies' bathroom spaces of 30 pyong type model houses. This study analyzed color presentations of four construction companies's bathroom space in applying field research and NCS color system analysis for objectifying subjective limitation of color. From the result of analyzing 8 companies' colors of bathroom spaces, it was found that uniform color is displayed without distinct color by applying YR series color in hue color and the color with high brightness and low chroma, which is close to white, in color triangle and displaying calm atmosphere. Therefore, bathroom space of apartment model house shall display the color that can satisfy various people mentally. Accordingly research of how to extract objective base as NCS color analysis must be continued. Because of development of intelligent industry and improvement of culture level, bathroom space is changing into more complex space for rest and mental stability beyond simple physiology and sanitization space. The space, to which mental feature is applied, is closely associated with human's emotion and it is also associated with color. Therefore, the role of color becomes important day by day. The purpose of this study is to research color in bathroom space. The apartment model house is reflecting current feature and recent trend well. Therefore, this study wants to research color trend by focusing on bathroom space of apartment model house. On the basis of bathroom space and theoretical background about color, the study is focused on case analysis of 8 construction companies' bathroom spaces of 30 pyong type model houses. This study analyzed color presentations of four construction companies's bathroom space in applying field research and NCS color system analysis for objectifying subjective limitation of color. From the result of analyzing 8 companies' colors of bathroom spaces, it was found that uniform color is displayed without distinct color by applying YR series color in hue color and the color with high brightness and low chroma, which is close to white, in color triangle and displaying calm atmosphere. Therefore, bathroom space of apartment model house shall display the color that can satisfy various people mentally. Accordingly research of how to extract objective base as NCS color analysis must be continued.