프리기아[Phrygia] 모자에 대한 연구

장영수(Yi-Chang Youngsoo) 한국복식학회 2005 服飾 Vol.55 No.4

Phrygia headgear has an important meaning from the perspectives of costume history and cultural exchanges in ancient times. This study is to investigate the prototype of Phrygia headgear through analysis of its manufacturing methods and styles on the basis of prior studies on ancient sculptures and literatures conducted by European researchers and to examine its history and meanings. In these ways, this study will be helpful in understanding the importance of Phrygia headgear in cultural exchanges between the East and the West. Results of this study can be summarized as follows: Phrygia headgear was orn by eastern tribes, so it was a symbol of those from the east in ancient times. Phrygia headgear is frequently found in Greek artistic works of 5th to 4th century BC that depicted eastern tribes. Also, this headgear can be observed in artistic works for Mithras, Attis, or other gods. Since Phrygia headgear's shape is similar to that of Homer's helm, many researchers believe that it might be originated from Homer's helm. This headgear made of oxen scrotum(stierbeutel) or its surrounding skin has a long end at the top. This long end is round and drooping toward the front side. From such unique shape, we top. This long end is round and drooping toward the front side. From such unique shape, we top. This long end is round and drooping toward the front side. From such unique shape, we can draw a conclusion that Phrygia headgear was made of oxen scrotum and its surrounding skin. Dependingy on drooping patterns, there are various shapes, such as the round, tightly swollen one worn by Mithras, the tongue-shaped one found in Basilika S. Apolinare Nuovo's mosaic depicting three wise men, the balloon-shaped one frequently found in Greek vases depicting Scythian, and the one drooping to the side depicted in Alexandersarkophag. Further, some Phrygia headgear has covers for neck and ears. For example, Phrygia headgear worn by Persian Satrap tribe has such covers attached to the head part. Meanwhile, Phrygia headgear worn by Amazone tribe does not show such separate covers, Rather, one piece of oxen skin was tanned and finished to make such covers. Wearing Phrygia headgear can be interpreted in several ways. Use of animal's skin for wearing things is a unique aspect in ancient societies because they believed that wearing animal skin would give them power of the animal. Further, Phrygia headgear made of oxen scrotum was a symbol of reproductive power to women.

상악전치의 후방견인시 J-hook headgear의 사용이 응력분포변화에 미치는 영향에 대한 광탄성학적 연구

이유진,박수병 대한치과교정학회 1997 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.27 No.5

발치 환자의 치료에서 결과의 안정성과 심미적인 요구를 만족하기 위해서는 상악 전치의 전후방 및 수직적인 위치와 순설측 경사를 올바르게 설정하여야 한다. 상악치열에서 제1소구치를 발거하고 견치를 발치공간으로 후방이동시킨 상태에서, 호선을 이용하여 전치를 후방견인시킬때 치아의 설측 경사와 정출과 같은 부작용이 일어날 수 있으므로 이를 방지하기 위해 다양한 방법으로 힘과 모멘트의 조절을 시도하여야 한다. 치관의 한 지점에 적용되는 힘의 크기와 모멘트 비율에 따라 치근막에 나타나는 응력분포가 변화하고 이를 알아냄으로써 치아이동 양상을 예측할 수 있다. 상악 전치부에 직접 힘을 가하게 되는 J-hook headgear는 전치부의 모멘트를 변화시키는 효과를 제공하므로, 본 연구에서는 호선의 전치부에 각각 다른 토오크를 부여하고 각 상태에서 J-hook headgear를 후상방으로 적용하였을 때 모멘트 변화에 따른 응력분포의 변화를 광탄성법으로 관찰하였다. 치조골 부위를 광탄성 레진으로 대체한 모형을 제작하고 인공 치아에 .022" slot의 standard edgewise bracket을 부착하였다. 측절치 bracket원심 1mm지점에 높이 7mm의 vertical loop을 가지는 호선을 .020"X.025" stainless steel wire로 제작하였으며 중절치와 측절치 사이에 high pull J-headgear를 위한 hook을 납착하였다. 전치부에서 0。, 7。, 14。의 토오크를 가각 부여한 뒤, loop을 1mm activation하였을 때 나타나는 응력분포와 각각에 high pull J-hook headgear를 교합면에 대하여 후상방 35。방향으로 200mg의 힘을 적용 했을때의 응력분포를 비교하였여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 결론 1. 0。토오크에서는 치근의 치근단측 1/2부위에 응력이 분포하였으나 순측에 비해 설측이 약하고 좁게 나타났고 특히 치근단에 집중된 응력은 순, 설측 모두에서 high pull J-hook headgear의 사용으로 감소하였다. 2. 7。토오크에서는 치근면을 따라서 응력이 분포하는데, 순측으로는 치조정에서부터 나타나는 응력이 치근면을 따라서 치근단측 1/3부위까지 점차 폭이 좁아졌고, 설측은 순측보다는 약한 응력이 치근의 치관측 1/3에서부터 차근단까지 나타났다. 치근단에서는 순측보다 설측이 더 강하게 나타났고, high pull J-hook headgear의 사용으로 전반적으로 응력의 크기와 폭의 증가가 있었다. 3. 14。토오크의 호선에서는 7。토오크의 호선과 분포하는 응력의 양상은 유사하지만 좀 더 강하게 나타났고, 순측에서는 치근면의 중앙부위가 폭이 가장 넓게, 설측에서는 순측에 비해 균일한 폭으로 응력이 분포하였다. 치근면을 따라서 나타나는 응력은 headgear를 사용하는 것이 사용하지 않은 경우보다 강하였고 순측보다는 설측이 더 강하였다. headgear를 사용하였을 때 치근단의 응력 집중은 순측에서보다 설측에서 더 크게 나타났다. This study was designed to investigate the stress intensity and distribution produced by 1mm activation of retraction archwire with 0。, 7。, 14。 torque and application of high pull J-hook headgear during retraction of four maxillary incisors using the photoelastic stress analysis. The photoelastic model was made a PL-3 type epoxy resin which was substituted by alveolar bone portion. Each retraction archwire was fabricated from .020"X.025" stainless steel wire which had vertical loops in 7mm height and hooks for high pull J-hook headgear between central and lateral incisors. The high pull J-hook headgear was applied 35 degree backward and upward to occlusal plane with 200gm per each side. The findings of this study were as follows: 1. In case of 0。 torque, the stress was distributed from cervical 1/3 to apex of roots of central and lateral incisors which were the forms of arc mode. When the high pull J-hook headgear was applied, the stress distributed by arc mode was presented from cervical 1/2 to apex of roots of central and lateral incisors. And the stress distributed by following the root surface was presented from alveolar crest to cervical 1/2 of roots of central and lateral incisors. The stress between apecies of central and lateral incisors was presented also. 2. In case of 7。 torque, the stress distributed by arc mode was presented from cervical 1/2 to apex of roots of central and lateral indisors. And the stress distributed by following the root surface was presented from alveolar crest to cervical 1/2 of roots of central and lateral incisors. When the high pull J-hook headgear was applied, the stress distributed by following the root surface was presented more apically than without headgear. The stress between apecies of central and lateral incisors was presented also. 3. In case of 14。 torque, the stress distributed by following the surface was presented from alveolar crest to apex of roots of central and lateral incisors. When the high pull J-hook headgear was applied, the stress distributed by following the root surface was presented stronger than without headgear. The stress between apecies of central and lateral incisors was presented also.

Treatment for Class II Division I Malocclusion Using Cervical Headgear and Hotz Appliance: A Case Report

조용제,김선미,최남기 大韓小兒齒科學會 2016 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.43 No.1

성장기 아동의 II급 부정교합의 치료에는 많은 악정형장치가 사용되어 왔으며 다양한 형태로 변화하여 발전되어 왔다. Headgear는 II급 부정교합 중 상악이 과성장된 경우 상악골의 성장 억제를 목적으로 사용하는 구외장치이다. Hotz 장치는주로 II급 I류 부정교합 환자에서 cervical headgear와 함께 사용한다. 이 증례 보고는 상악의 과성장과 상악전치의 전향을 가진 3명의 II급 I류 부정교합 환자들에 관한 것이다. 모두 cervical headgear와 Hotz 장치를 이용하여 성장기에 악정형 치료를 시작하였다. cervical headgear와 Hotz 장치를 이용하여 치료한 후, 각 환자의 상황에 맞는 후속 치료를 다음과 같이 시행하였다: 고정식 교정장치, 유지 및 계속적 악정형 치료를 위한class II activator, 기존의 Hotz 장치를 이용한 유지. 환자들을 악정형 치료하고 각각의 상황에 맞는 후속 치료를 하였으며 돌출된 안모와 상악전치 전향의 개선, 전치부 총생의개선, 상악골 성장 억제 등 양호한 결과를 얻을 수 있었다. Many types of orthopedic appliances have been developed and used for the treatment of class II malocclusion in pediatric dentistry. Headgear is one of the extraoral appliances, which is used for the purpose of preventing the overgrowth of maxilla. Hotz appliance is used in couple with a cervical headgear for the expansion of maxilla and retraction of maxillary incisors. This case report is about the orthodontic treatment of three patients with class II division I malocclusion. These young patients were given orthopedic treatment in combination with a cervical headgear and Hotz appliance. After the treatment using these extraoral and intraoral appliances, succeeding treatments were practiced considering individual needs as follows: fixed orthodontic appliance for mandibular anterior crowding, Class II activator for retention and additory orthopedic treatment and the retention with Hotz appliance. Young patients with Class II division I malocclusion reported in this study received the orthodontic treatment using a cervical headgear and Hotz appliance as well as appropriate succeeding treatment afterward. All patients received improved convex profiles and lip protrusions by retracting maxilla and maxillary incisors.

신묘사행(辛卯使行] 「도중행렬도(道中行列圖)」에 나타난 통신사 편복 관모 연구

박선희(Sun Hee Park),홍나영(Na Young Hong) 한국복식학회 2011 服飾 Vol.61 No.3

This study set out to investigate the identity of everyday headgear, which is often found in many paintings of Tongshinsa, Joseon diplomatic missions to Japan, in the 18th century. That resembles Yu-geon儒巾, but on the top of the headgear are lappets like a roof. The study proceeded as follows: 1) The painting of Tongshinsa parade in 1711 was used to analyze wearers of everyday headgear because titles of position are shown for each one. 2) Personal records of Tongshinsa in the 18th century were analyzed to examine the cases of everyday headgear. 3) Cases of everyday headgear in literature around the 18th century were examined. Those researches revealed three findings: 1) The names of everyday headgear with a roof shaped top are Gohu-gwan高厚冠and Yeonyeop-gwan蓮葉冠. 2) Among Tongshinsa, wearers of Gohu-gwan or Yeonyeop-gwan are medical staff, interpreters, painters, and secretaries. However, it doesn`t seem to have been distinction between the two types according to social class and position. 3) People wore everyday headgear, that resembled the two types in appearance, such as Minja-geon民字巾, Sunyang-geon純陽巾, Hwayang-geon華陽巾, Jeon-geon戰巾, or Jang-geon將巾in China and Joseon around the 18th century. Among them, Sunyang-geon and Hwayang-geon seem to have had the closest relationship with Gohu-gwan and Yeonyeop-gwan in terms of shape and character of wearers. The analysis of the research findings led to the two following conclusions: 1) Gohu-gwan and Yeonyeop-gwan were worn as one of everyday headgear to represent appearances of a scholar. 2) Gohu-gwan and Yeonyeop-gwan could be changed versions of the similar everyday headgear or different names of them.

Pressure alopecia caused by an orthodontic headgear appliance

( Eui-sung Jung ),( Su-kyung Park ),( Seok-kweon Yun ),( Han-uk Kim ),( Jin Park ) 대한피부과학회 2018 대한피부과학회 학술발표대회집 Vol.70 No.1

Pressure alopecia is a kind of localized hair loss, resulting from excessive or chronic local pressure of the scalp. It is usually described in patients with immobilization of the head during longstanding surgery or in bed-ridden state; however, it can rarely occur from a long-term use of various fixation instruments including head straps, orthodontic headgears, hairpins, and even wigs. A 9-year-old female presented with a localized hair loss patch on the frontal scalp after putting on a headgear appliance for several days due to her orthodontic treatment. She was complaining of pruritus, bruising and oozing on the area where direct pressure was applied by the headgear. Physical examination showed a 3.5 x 3.5 cm, round bald patch and another 2.0 x 3.0 cm, oval bald patch on the frontal scalp. Dermoscopy revealed scattered yellow and black dots with some broken hairs and without any exclamation mark hairs, which is the characteristics of alopecia areata. Histopathologic findings revealed trichomalacia with pigmented cast, and increased number of catagen and telogen hair follicles, but with no peribulbar infiltration. Based on clinical and histologic findings, he was diagnosed as pressure alopecia due to orthodontic headgear. After 3 weeks of removal of the headgear, newly emerging hairs was observed on the lesion. During the 4 months of follow-up period, complete hair regrowth was noted.

Anterior j hook headgear를 이용한 상악골 성장억제에 관한 연구

정규림,강장윤 대한치과교정학회 2000 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.30 No.4

이 연구는 악외견인장치의 하나인 Anterior J hook headgear의 상악골 성장 억제효과를 관찰하기 위하여 혼합 치열기의 골격성 Ⅱ급 부정교합 아동 20명을 대상으로 얻어진 측모두부 방사선규격사진이 분석되었다 구강내 교정장치로서는 horseshoe appliance가 사용되었으며, J hook의 견인은 상악견치 중앙부에서 후상방으로 이루워졌다. Anterior J hook headgear의 적용기간은 평균 14개월이었으며 계수형 분석법에 의해 적용전후 측모두부 방사선규격사진이 분석된 바, 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1.상악골의 전하방성장이 억제되었다. 2.상악골의 회전효과는 일어나지 않았다. 3.상악치열은 전체적으로 후방이동하였다. 4.상악의 치아치조부 성장억제변화는 구치부보다는 전치부에서 더 뚜렷하였다. 5.하악평면각(SN-MP)은 치료후 변화가 없었으며 하악골은 정상적인 성장을 나타냈다. 6.전안면고경과 후안면고경 사이의 비율은 유의한 변화가 없었다. This study was aimed to observe the effect of Anterior J hook headgear on the craniofacial structures in mixed dentition with Class II malocclusion. The material cephalograms of 20 children treated by Anterior J hook headgear were traced, digitized and statistically analyzed. The results were as follows : 1.Forward growth of maxilla was inhibited. 2.Rotational effect of maxilla was not observed. 3.There was distal movement of maxillary dentition. 4.Maxillary dentoalveolar growth changes were more effective in anterior portion than posterior portion. 5.Mandible maintained a normal growth and mandibular plane angle was maintained during treatment period. 6.The ratio of anterior facial height to posterior facial height was almostly not changed.

Activator와 Anterior high pull headgear를 이용한 골격성 II급 부정교합의 치험례

양규호,김정란,최남기,Yang, Kyu-Ho,Kim, Jung-Ran,Choi, Nam-Gi 대한소아치과학회 1999 大韓小兒齒科學會誌 Vol.26 No.1

저자는 전남대학병원 소아치과에 내원한 혼합치열기 II급 부정교합환아를 Activator와 Anterior high pull headgear로 치료하여 다음과 같은 결론을 얻었다. 1. 상악골의 전, 하방 성장을 억제하였다. 2. 하악골의 전방 전위 및 반시계방향 회전을 유도하였다. 3. Deep overbite와 large overjet이 개선되었다. This article describes the use of an activator with anterior high pull headgear to treat a skeletal Class II malocclusion in children in the mixed-dentition phase. A combination of headgear-activator appliance can inhibit forward and downward growth of the maxillary complex while stimulating mandibular growth. The correction of Class II malocclusion can be achieved by careful case selection of a motivated patient with a favorable growth pattern. The patients who have skeletal Class II malocclusions were treated by means of activator with anterior high pull headgear and the following results were observed; 1. Forward and downward growth of the maxillary complex were inhibited 2. Mandibular growth was stimulated and counterclockwise rotation of the mandible was observed. 3. Large overjet and deep overbite were corrected.

국제복싱협회(AIBA) 규칙 개정에 따른 개선방안에 관한 연구

김주영 한국무예학회 2018 무예연구 Vol.12 No.4

This is a study on an improvement plan based on the rule revision in the International Boxing Association (AIBA) with the goal of identifying problems related to headgear-wearing status and presenting an improvement plan; to achieve this goal, seven leaders and seven boxers who had participated in the 48th presidential National Municipal and Provincial Boxing Tournament were interviewed, obtaining the following results: First, the positive aspects of the non-use of headgear included the reduction in inconvenience, help in securing a clear view, the possibility of dodging the opponent's punch more easily, facilitation of an exciting game, and making boxers more valuable because their faces were made visible. Second, the negative aspects of the non-use of headgear included shortening of boxers' sport life due to injuries caused by butting, difficulties in making the best performance due to passive progression of games to avoid possible injuries, and unfavorable impression of boxing on the basis of the awareness that it is a dangerous event. Third, the majority consented to wear it so that they could prevent injuries, and some suggested using authorized personal headgear. In particular, others suggested that they could raise the KO rate by using slightly smaller gloves in pursuit of exciting games and that wearing headgear would induce them to participate more actively in games without possible injuries and ultimately help activate boxing. Lastly, still others suggested the need to reinforce judge training, whether boxers wore headgear or not, so that they could avoid being injured. 이 연구는 국제복싱협회(AIBA) 규칙 개정에 따른 개선방안에 관한 연구로 헤드기어 착용 여부에 따른 문제점을 도출해 개선방안을 제시하는데, 이 연구의 목적이 있으며, 이를 위해 제48회 대통령배 전국시도복싱대회에 참가한 지도자 7명과 선수 7명을 대상으로 인터뷰한 연구 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 헤드기어 미착용에 따른 긍정적인 면은 불편함 감소, 시야 확보에 도움, 상대 펀치를 피하기에 유리하며 박진감 있는 경기를 유도, 선수 얼굴 노출로 인해 선수의 가치를 높일 수 있다는 결과를 얻었다. 둘째, 헤드기어 미착용에 따른 부정적인 면은 버팅에 의한 부상으로 선수들의 운동 생명 단축, 부상 위험에 따른 소극적인 경기 진행으로 최상의 경기력을 발휘할 수 없고, 복싱은 위험한 운동이라는 인식으로 인한 복싱 이미지가 실추된다. 셋째, 다수가 부상 예방을 위해 헤드기어 착용에 찬성했으며, 공인된 개인용 헤드기어를 사용하고자 하는 의견도 있었다. 특히 박진감 넘치는 경기를 위해 조금 더 작은 글러브 사용으로 KO율을 높이고 헤드기어 착용으로 부상 위험 없이 적극적인 경기를 유도해 결국 복싱 활성화에 도움이 될 것이라는 의견도 나왔다. 끝으로 헤드기어의 착용 여부에 관계없이 선수들이 부상을 당하지 않도록 심판의 교육을 강화하자는 의견도 있었다.

성장기 아동에서 Cervical Headger 사용시 골격적 변화 양상에 대한 연구

현하영,이진우,차경석 대한치과교정학회 1996 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.26 No.5

성장기 아동의 Class II 부정교합에서 과도한 성장의 억제, 미약한 성장의 촉진으로 성장 시기에 적절히 치료하는 것이 가장 효과적이며 좋은 치료 방법이다. 이러한 방법 중 가장 적절히 쓰이는 장치 중 Cervical headgear의 사용을 들수 있으며 악골에 효과적으로 적용된다. 그러나 장치의 부작용이라 할 수 있는 수직적 성장의 과잉을 볼 수 있는데 이에 대해 많은 서학들의 연구가 시행되어 왔다. 본 연구는 Cervial headgear의 상하악골에 대한 효과를 분석하고 Lower facial height를 기준으로 증가군(>0)과 증가하지 않은 군 ( ≤0)으로 나누어 골격적 특성을 알아보기 위해 단국대학교 부속 치과병원에 내원한 성장기 아동의 II급 부정교합환자 25명을 대상으로 cervical headgear를 사용한 결과 다음과 같이 다소의 지견을 얻었기에 보고하는 바이다. 1. 상악골의 전방 성분이 억제되었고, 구개 평면의 전방이 하방으로 tipping되었으며 상악 제 1대구치의 후방 이동이 있었다. 2. 하악골의 두개저에 대한 상대적인 전방 이동이 있었으며 상악에 대한 하악 제1대구치의 상대적인 전방 이동이 있었고 하악골의 alveolar growth에 의한 수직적인 증가가 있었다. 3. 전안면 고경과 후안면 고경이 각기 유의하게 증가했으나 안면 고경 비율에는 유의성이 없었다. 4. Lower facial height가 증가한 group이 증가하지 않은 group보다 ramus의 길이가 짧고 palatal plane angle이 더 작았으며 상악 제 1대구치의 후방 이동량이 더 많았다. This study was to investigate the horizontal & vertical bone change pattern when using cervical headgear in Class II malocclusion of growing children and compared the skeletal features between the group with increased lower facial height and the group without increase in lower facial height. The results are as follows ; 1. Forward growth of maxilla was inhibited, downward tipping of anterior palatal plane could be seen and distal movement of maxillary first molar was observed. 2. There was relative forward movement of Mandible against the Maxillary cranial base, and relative forward movement of mandibular 1st molar against the Maxilla and vertical increase due to alveolar growth of Mandible. 3. There was significant increase in anterior and posterior facial heights but the ratio of facial height showed no significant difference. 4. The group with increased lower facial height has shorter ramus length, than the smaller palatal plane angle, and more distal movement of Maxillary 1st molar than the group without increase Ha-young Hyun.

A three-dimensional finite element analysis of molar distalization with a palatal plate, pendulum, and headgear according to molar eruption stage

Ju-Man Kang,Jae Hyun Park,Mohamed Bayome,Moonbee Oh,Chong Ook Park,Yoon-Ah Kook,Sung-Seo Mo 대한치과교정학회 2016 대한치과교정학회지 Vol.46 No.5

Objective: This study aimed to (1) evaluate the effects of maxillary second and third molar eruption status on the distalization of first molars with a modified palatal anchorage plate (MPAP), and (2) compare the results to the outcomes of the use of a pendulum and that of a headgear using three-dimensional finite element analysis. Methods: Three eruption stages were established: an erupting second molar at the cervical one-third of the first molar root (Stage 1), a fully erupted second molar (Stage 2), and an erupting third molar at the cervical one-third of the second molar root (Stage 3). Retraction forces were applied via three anchorage appliance models: an MPAP with bracket and archwire, a bone-anchored pendulum appliance, and cervical-pull headgear. Results: An MPAP showed greater root movement of the first molar than crown movement, and this was more noticeable in Stages 2 and 3. With the other devices, the first molar showed distal tipping. Transversely, the first molar had mesial-out rotation with headgear and mesial-in rotation with the other devices. Vertically, the first molar was intruded with an MPAP, and extruded with the other appliances. Conclusions: The second molar eruption stage had an effect on molar distalization, but the third molar follicle had no effect. The application of an MPAP may be an effective treatment option for maxillary molar distalization.