위성영상을 이용한 줄포만 간석지의 미지형 분류와 지형적특성

조명희 ( Myung Hee Jo ),조화룡 ( Wha Ryong Jo ) 大韓遠隔探査學會 1999 大韓遠隔探査學會誌 Vol.15 No.3

Landsat TM 위성영상을 이용하여 전라북도 줄포만 간석지의 미지형을 무감독분류의 ISODATA기법으로서 분석한 결과 mudflat, mixed flat, sandflat의 3지형으로 분류되었다. 각각의 미지형들은 퇴적물 입도와 지형에 있어서 상이한 특성을 나타내었으며, mudflat은 내만쪽에 위치하고 sandflat은 만의 입구 그리고 mixedflat은 그 사이에 각각 분포하였다. 각 지역의 지형적특성으로는 2m내외의 갯골이 평탄면 사이에 분포하는 mudflat과 평균기복이 10cm이하로서 아주 평탄한 지형으로 물결무늬가 발달한 sandflat 그리고 이 양자의 중간형태를 취하는 mixedflat의로 구분되었다. 아울러 Landsat TM의 7개의 밴드중에서 밴드 5와 7이 건석지의 미지형분류, 밴드 4는 육지와 간석지의 분류 그리고 밴드 3은 해면과 간석지의 분류에 각각 효율적임이 밝혀졌다. Through the ISODATA method of unsupervised classification, the micro-landform of Julpo-Bay tidal flat was classified into mudflat, mixedflat, and sandflat using Landsat TM image. Each showed an apparent differences in its topographical characteristics and grain size composition. Mudflat occupied innermost part of the tidal flat, sand flat located closest to the entrance of the bay and mixed flat in the center is. For example, mudflats are formed with flat faces and tidal channel. Topographically, mudflat consist of tidal channels and flat intermediate surface. Its average relief of them is about 2 meter. Meanwhile, sand flat comprised very flat landform with well-developed ripple marks of less than 10cm average relief. And Mixed flat stood in between. In addition, Out of 7 bands of Landsat TM images, band 5 and 7 provided the highest power level for discrimination between micro-landforms of the tidal flat. Band 4 showed a clear boundary between the land and tidal flat, and band 3 did its share by showing well a boundary between the sea surface and the tidal flat.

The Tidal Flat Environments and Experiential Learning Program of Southwest Coast, Korea

오강호,김해경,고영구,윤석태,김종희 대한지구과학교육학회 2015 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.8 No.3

Ecosystems of the southwestern tidal flats in Korean peninsula have been seriously injured by human activities. The results are mainly due to the lack of public recognition and education on tidal flats. In particular, thoughtless visitors in tidal flats are giving rise up damages because of non-systematic experience programs to tidal flat ecosystems. Therefore, experience programs friendly to natural tidal flats are necessary as a plan to reserve tidal flats and to enhance the effects of environment education on the flats. Experience learning programs on tidal flats can divide into direct experience, indirect experience and local society works. Direct experience work must undergo tidal flats directly and consider on forming the flats with natural refinement functions. Indirect experience includes deeper knowledge on role, circumstance and ecosystems of the flats on the bases of direct experience on the flats. In addition, local society learning must have the feeling and understanding on socio-cultural characteristics of local society itself through above two works. Experience activity would be a kind of injuring one to tidal flats. However, appropriately planned experience and education works on tidal flats could be sustainable development to attract desirable human activity on coastal ecosystems.

The Tidal Flat Environments and Experiential Learning Program of Southwest Coast, Korea

Oh, Kang-Ho,Kim, Hai-Gyoung,Koh, Yeong-Koo,Youn, Seok-Tai,Kim, Jong-Hee The Korean Society of Earth Science Education 2015 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.8 No.3

Ecosystems of the southwestern tidal flats in Korean peninsula have been seriously injured by human activities. The results are mainly due to the lack of public recognition and education on tidal flats. In particular, thoughtless visitors in tidal flats are giving rise up damages because of non-systematic experience programs to tidal flat ecosystems. Therefore, experience programs friendly to natural tidal flats are necessary as a plan to reserve tidal flats and to enhance the effects of environment education on the flats. Experience learning programs on tidal flats can divide into direct experience, indirect experience and local society works. Direct experience work must undergo tidal flats directly and consider on forming the flats with natural refinement functions. Indirect experience includes deeper knowledge on role, circumstance and ecosystems of the flats on the bases of direct experience on the flats. In addition, local society learning must have the feeling and understanding on socio-cultural characteristics of local society itself through above two works. Experience activity would be a kind of injuring one to tidal flats. However, appropriately planned experience and education works on tidal flats could be sustainable development to attract desirable human activity on coastal ecosystems.

The Tidal Flat Environments and Experiential Learning Program of Southwest Coast, Korea

Kang-Ho Oh,Hai-Gyoung Kim,Yeong-Koo Koh,Seok-Tai, Youn,Jong-Hee Kim 대한지구과학교육학회 2015 대한지구과학교육학회지 Vol.8 No.3

Ecosystems of the southwestern tidal flats in Korean peninsula have been seriously injured by human activities. The results are mainly due to the lack of public recognition and education on tidal flats. In particular, thoughtless visitors in tidal flats are giving rise up damages because of non-systematic experience programs to tidal flat ecosystems. Therefore, experience programs friendly to natural tidal flats are necessary as a plan to reserve tidal flats and to enhance the effects of environment education on the flats. Experience learning programs on tidal flats can divide into direct experience, indirect experience and local society works. Direct experience work must undergo tidal flats directly and consider on forming the flats with natural refinement functions. Indirect experience includes deeper knowledge on role, circumstance and ecosystems of the flats on the bases of direct experience on the flats. In addition, local society learning must have the feeling and understanding on socio-cultural characteristics of local society itself through above two works. Experience activity would be a kind of injuring one to tidal flats. However, appropriately planned experience and education works on tidal flats could be sustainable development to attract desirable human activity on coastal ecosystems.

전라남도 갯벌의 현황분석 및 발전전략 수립에 관한 연구 - 무안·신안을 중심으로 -

손정모 ( Son Jeong-mo ),오강호 ( Oh Kang-ho ),김동주 ( Kim Dong-ju ) 한국도서학회 2017 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.29 No.3

본 연구는 전남지역에 분포하는 갯벌을 해황 및 지형,지리적 특성에 따라 분류하고, 인문사회환경, 자연환경, 법,제도 등에 대한 현황 파악과 무안·신안 갯벌의 특성에 맞는 발전전략을 수립하는 목적으로 수행하였다. 전남갯벌은 우리나라에 분포하는 갯벌의 약 42%를 차지하고 있으며, 특히 무안군과 신안군 갯벌은 이 중에서 각각 14.1%, 33.3%를 차지하고 있다. 지난 20년간 무안군의 인구수는 도청 이전으로 인하여 증가한 것으로 보이나, 신안군의 경우 인구수가 감소하였다. 세대별 인구 구성은 무안군과 신안군 모두 노령화가 진행 중인 것으로 조사되었다. 65세 이상 인구 비율이 무안군은 21.2%, 신안군은 21.9%로 고령인구 비율이 증가하였으며, 무안군과 신안군을 통합하였을 경우 고령인구비율이 20년간 11.3%에서 23.6%로 크게 증가하였다. 인구의 고령화는 지역 내 총 생산 증가율의 감소를 가져온 것으로 분석되었으며, 신안군의 경우 농림·어업부문에서 -17%의 성장률을 보였다. 관광분야의 경우 무안군을 방문한 관광객은 연평균 11.4%의 증가율을 보이고 있으며, 신안군의 경우 2013년을 기준으로 감소세로 전환되었다. 무안갯벌센터는 매년 지속적으로 관광객이 증가하고 있으며, 신안군 증도에 위치한 갯벌센터도 관광객의 유입이 꾸준하다. 신안 갯벌은 내면 쪽의 도서 해안을 따라 펄 갯벌이 대규모로 발달하여 있고, 서해와 열려있는 서쪽 해안은 모래 갯벌이 형성되어 있다. 무안 갯벌은 중대형 반 폐쇄성 내만에 위치하고 있으며, 가장자리는 충적층과 해안절벽이 발달되어 있다. 만의 안쪽은 수심이 낮으며, 모래성분이 우세한 특성을 보이고, 갯벌이 육지쪽으로 성장하는 전형적인 후퇴형 갯벌의 특징을 보인다. 무안과 신안갯벌은 일부 지역이 해양보호구역인 습지보호지역과 전라남도 도립공원으로 지정되어 있다. 도립공원으로 지정된 지역이 습지보호지역을 포함하고 있다. 무안 갯벌은 우리나라 제1호 습지보호지역으로 지정되었으며, 신안 증도 갯벌이 제9호, 비금-도초도 갯벌이 제13호로 지정되어 있다. 전남갯벌은 북서계절풍의 영향을 받는 서부갯벌과 남동계절풍의 영향이 우세한 남부갯벌로 구분되며, 무안과 신안 갯벌은 서부갯벌에 속한다. 갯벌은 다시 지형·지질학적 특성에 따라 개방 갯벌, 섬 갯벌, 만 갯벌로 구분되며, 신안 서쪽 갯벌은 개방 갯벌, 내면 쪽은 섬 갯벌에 해당되고, 무안 갯벌은 만 갯벌에 해당된다. 무안과 신안 갯벌은 외해와 바로 연결되지 않고 섬으로 가로막혀 갯벌이 잘 발달할 수 있는 자연적 환경을 보유하고 있다. 또한, 육성기원 퇴적물로 이루어져 수산·양식자원의 보고이자 건강한 해양생태계를 보유하고 있다. 무안과 신안갯벌의 효과적인 보전·관리를 위하여 갯벌의 체계적인 보호·관리기반 구축, 갯벌의 기능과 가치제고, 갯벌자원의 비교우위 강화가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 해양보호구역으로서 무안과 신안 갯벌의 효과적인 보호·관리를 위하여 해양보호구역센터를 설치·운영하고, 체계적인 갯벌 자원 조사 등을 수행할 갯벌자원연구센터 설치가 필요하다. 또한 일부지역에 한정되어 있는 습지보호지역을 생태권역으로 확대 지정하고, 갯벌 환경의 보호·관리를 위한 시설 확충 및 해양 쓰레기 처리 방안 등이 논의되어야 한다. 그리고, 건강한 생태환경을 가지고 있는 무안과 신안 갯벌에서 생산되는 수산 자원의 판로를 개척하기 위한 브랜드화 및 인증작업이 병행되어야 하며, 갯벌생태유원지 등의 인프라 확충과 함께 체류형 관광상품 개발을 통해 무안과 신안 갯벌의 관광상품화도 필요하다. This study classified. tidal flats in Jeollanam-do according to their geographical characteristics. The purpose of this study is to identify the status of human social environment, natural environment, legal system, and to establish a development strategy for tidal flat of Muan & Shinan in Jeollanam-do. Tidal flats in Jeollanam-do accounted for about 42% of the tidal flats in Korea. In particular, tidal flats in Muan and Shinan accounted for 14.1% and 33.3% of tidal flats in Jeollanam-do. Over the past 20 years, the population of Muan has increased and the population of Shinan has decreased. Population composition of each generation was surveyed that both Muan and Sinan were aging. The proportion of the population aged 65 and over was 21.2% in Muan and 21.9% in Shinan. The ratio of elderly population increased from 11.3% to 23.6% over 20 years(adding Muan and Shinan). The aging of the population was analyzed as a decrease in the total production growth rate in the region. Shinan showed -17% growth rate in agriculture and fishery. In the tourism, the average annual growth rate of tourists visiting Muan is 11.4%. And Shinan has been on the decline since 2013. The Muan Tidal Center and Shinan Jeungdo Tidal Center is constantly increasing in number of tourists every year. Tidal flat in Shinan has a large scale mud tidal flats along the inner coast of the island, and sand tidal flats are formed.on the west coast. Muan tidal flats are located in mid-large semi-enclosed inner bay. The edges are alluvium and coastal cliffs are developed. The inner part of the bay is low in depth, mainly sandy, and features a typical retreat tidal flat where the tidal flats grow toward the land. Some areas of Muan and Shinan tidal flats are designated as wetland protect areas of Marine Protected Area(MPA) and Jeollanam-do Provincial Park. Areas designated as provincial parks include wetland protection areas. Muan tidal flat is designated as the No. 1 wetland protect area in Korea, Shinan Jeung-do tidal flat is No. 9, and Bigeum· Docho-do tidal flat is No. 13. Jeollanam-do tidal flats are divided into western tidal flats affected by the northwest monsoon and southern tidal flats dominated by the effects of the Southeast Monsoon. Muan and Shinan tidal flats belong to the Western tidal flat. Tidal flats are divided into open tidal flats, island tidal flats, and bay tidal flats according to geomorphological and geological characteristics. Tidal flats in Muan and Shinan are not directly connected to the sea, there have a natural environment where the tidal flats can be well developed. It is also a rich repository of marine aquaculture resources and a healthy marine ecosystem. For effective conservation and management of tidal flats in Muan and Shinan , it is necessary to foundation setup for systematic protection and supervision of tidal-flat, enhance the function and value of the tidal-flat, and enhance the comparative advantage of tidal-flat resources. Establish and operate a Marine Protected Area Center for effective protection and management of tidal flats in Muan and Shinan as Marine Protected Areas. It is also necessary to establish a tidal-flat resource research center to conduct systematic tidal-flat resource surveys. Wetland protection areas that are limited to some areas should be extended to the ecosphere region. The expansion of facilities for the protection and management of the tidal flat environment and the disposal plan of the marine garbage should be discussed. Branding and certification of fisheries resources produced in Muan and Shinan tidal flats should be carried out. In addition, it is necessary to increase the infrastructure such as the tidal-flat ecological recreation area and to develop the tourism products of the tidal flats.

비식생 갯벌의 블루카본 저장량 산정 및 영향인자 분석

박경덕,강동환,조원기,소윤환,김병우,Park, Kyeong-deok,Kang, Dong-hwan,Jo, Won Gi,So, Yoon Hwan,Kim, Byung-Woo 한국환경과학회 2022 한국환경과학회지 Vol.31 No.9

In this study, sediment cores were sampled from tidal flats (six sites) in the west and south coastal wetlands, the blue carbon stock in the tidal flat sediments was calculated, and the blue carbon stock characteristics and influencing factors were analyzed. The sediment particle size of the west coastal tidal flats was larger than that of the south coastal tidal flats, and the organic carbon content in the south coastal tidal flats was more than twice that of the west coastal tidal flats. Blue carbon stock per unit area was 28.4~36.8 Mg/ha on the west coastal tidal flats and 69.8~89.8 Mg/ha on the south coastal tidal flats, which was more than twice higher in the south coastal tidal flats than in the west coastal tidal flats. The total amount of blue carbon stock in the tidal flats was the highest in Suncheon Bay tidal flats at 153,626 Mg, and followed by Gomso Bay tidal flats at 141,750 Mg, Hampyeong Bay tidal flats at 58,420 Mg, Dongdae Bay tidal flats at 44,900 Mg, Cheonsu Bay tidal flats at 36,880 Mg, and Jinhae Bay tidal flats at 26,205 Mg. Blue carbon stock per unit area was higher in the south coastal tidal flats, but the total amount of blue carbon stock in the tidal flats was higher in the west coast. The slope of the regression function of blue carbon stock with respect to the organic carbon content in the tidal flat sediments was estimated to be about 0.05 to 0.07, and the slope of the regression function was higher in the west coastal tidal flats than in the south coastal tidal flats.

서남해안 어촌의 갯벌이용형태와 지속가능한 어업 -갯벌세계유산 신청지역을 중심으로-

김준 남도민속학회 2019 남도민속연구 Vol.38 No.-

In Korea, tidal flats can be found in the areas of the Han River estuary in Gyeonggi Bay, the Geum River estuary in Seocheon, the Yeongsan River estuary in the southwest offshore, and around Nakdong River. With a high tidal range and sinuosity in addition to being located at an estuary with archipelagos behind, these areas possess favorable conditions for developing tidal flats. Among these tidal flats, Sinan Tidal Flats, Seocheon Tidal Flats, Gochang Tidal Flats, Boseong-Suncheon tidal flats have been recommended to be listed as a UNESCO World Heritage. Local residents work at artisanal fisheries on these tidal flats. Unlike large-scale commercial fisheries, an artisanal fishery is a small-scale fishery where fishermen incorporate traditional fishing craft with hand-held equipment to support their livelihood. Tidal flats not only serve as a major source of livelihood but have an important place in the local communities as a hub for networking and trading and for their contribution to creating a unique local culture. Village rituals such as Dangsanje, Gaetje, and Pungeoje have all originated from these tidal flat fishing practices. The aforementioned tidal flats can be differentiated between sheltered embayed tidal flats such as Yeoja Bay and Gomso Bay and exposed island tidal flats such as the Sinan Archipelago. Sheltered tidal flats are muddy whereas the exposed tidal flats can be sandy or mixed. Cockles and razor clams can be found in the muddy flats of the Boseong-Suncheon Tidal Flats that are situated at an estuary. Manila clams are cultivated on farms in the mixed flats of the Gochang Tidal Flats and Gomso Bay. In the Sinan Archipelago, whip-arm octopi are harvested in the muddy tidal flats while seaweed farms are developed along the tidal creek and channels and salt evaporation ponds on the shoreline. Moreover, a haven for shorebirds and plovers, Yubudo Island’s sandy tidal flats provide excellent habitat for Asian hard clams. The sustainability of these tidal flats is now being threatened by overfishing, overcrowding, unregulated eco-tourism, and the residents’ indifference to the value of the tidal flats. These threats must be recognized and overcome in order for the Korean tidal flats to be listed as a World Heritage and must be seriously considered when developing plans for preservation and maintenance when they become listed as a World Heritage Site. Passive approaches such as area and time restrictions and environmental improvement are deemed to be preferable to direct approaches such as resource propagation or farming, while improving the health of the habitat should be prioritized to the artificial placement of spats. Different types of fishing other than hand-gathering should be actively encouraged by promoting seafood festivals and implementing a fishing license. In addition, there is an urgent need to develop concrete measures to protect endangered marine species and to reduce microplastics. Such measures require the participation of all consumers and not simply the fishermen. Preservation and management policies should be developed in line with the Korea Important Fisheries Heritage System, and international solidarity must be achieved in conjunction with the Slow Fish campaign. Enhancing the brand value for local small-scale fisheries by focusing on their importance in the ecosystem can be an excellent way of raising the value of the tidal flats. To sustain the tidal flats’ ecosystem and the unique culture of the fishing villages that are the basis of being recommended for the UNESCO World Heritage Site listing, consumers must actively participate and perform their roles as co-producers as advocated by the Slow Fish campaign. 우리나라 갯벌은 한강 하구 경기만지역, 금강 하구 서천지역, 영산강 하구 서남해안 지역, 낙동강 하구 등에 발달했다. 이들 지역은 조차와 굴곡도가 크며 강 하구지역에 위치하고 배후에 다도해가 분포하여 갯벌 형성에 유리한 지형을 갖추고 있다. 이중 세계자연유산으로 등재하려는 갯벌은 신안갯벌, 서천갯벌, 고창갯벌, 순천․보성갯벌 지역이다. 이들 지역은 해당지역 어민들이 맨손어업으로 생업활동을 하는 공간이다. 맨손어업은 대규모 양식어업과 달리 단순한 도구를 이용한 소규모 생계형 어업이다. 마을주민들이 모두 참여해서 함께 이용하고 생산물을 나누는 공동체가 발달한 곳이다. 뿐만 아니라 당산제, 갯제, 풍어제 등 독특한 마을의례가 발달한 곳이 갯벌어업에 기반 한 것들이다. 사례지역은 여자만, 곰소만과 같은 폐쇄형 ‘만갯벌’과 신안 다도해처럼 개방형 ‘섬갯벌’로 구분할 수 있다. 폐쇄형 갯벌은 펄갯벌이 개방형 갯벌은 모래갯벌이나 혼합갯벌이 발달해 있다. 폐쇄형 하구인 순천․보성의 경우 펄갯벌이 발달해 꼬막, 가리맛이 서식하고, 혼합갯벌이 발달한 고창 곰소만은 바지락양식이 활발하다. 신안 다도해는 펄갯벌에 낙지, 갯골을 따라 김양식이 발달했고, 신안의 섬지역은 염전업이 활발하다. 또 유부도는 모래갯벌이 발달해 백합이 서식하며 도요새류나 물떼새류가 많이 찾는 곳이다. 이들 지역의 지속가능한 갯벌어업을 위협하는 요인으로 남획, 밀식, 왜곡된 갯벌체험, 주민들의 갯벌가치 공감 부족 등을 들 수 있다. 세계자연유산으로 등재하기 위해서도, 등재되고 나서 보전 및 관리계획의 수립에서도 반드시 개선되어야 할 요소들이다. 이를 개선하기 위해서는 우선 직접적인 자원의 증식이나 양식보다는 금어기, 금어구역, 서식환경 개선 등의 소극적인 방법이 필요하다. 이를 통해 어패류가 서식할 수 있는 환경을 만드는 것이 인위적으로 치패를 투입하는 방법보다 적절하다. 또 잡는 어업 중심으로 갯벌체험이나 수산물축제의 개선과 낚시면허제 도입 등도 적극 추진되어야 한다. 이와 함께 사라질 위험에 있는 어패류나 해조류의 보존방안, 미세플라스틱 문제도 대책마련이 시급하다. 이는 어민들만의 문제가 아니라 소비자의 참여가 반드시 이루어져야 한다. 그리고 국가중요어업유산과 연계한 보전과 관리정책이 추진되어야 하며, 슬로피시 운동과 연계한 국제연대도 추진되어야 한다. 갯벌어업의 가치를 높이는 방법으로 마을어업의 브랜드 가치를 높이고, 가치를 생태계서비스 차원에서 접근하는 것도 좋은 방법이다. 세계유산에 등재하려는 갯벌의 생태계, 어촌문화, 마을어업이 지속될 수 있으려면 어민들만의 노력이 아니라 슬로피시가 주창하는 것처럼 소비자들도 공동생산자로 참여해야 한다.

한국의 간석지 연구

장동호 ( Dong Ho Jang ) 한국지형학회 2011 한국지형학회지 Vol.18 No.4

본 연구에서는 우리나라의 간석지 연구사를 유형별 및 시기별로 정리하였다. 간석지 연구사는 크게 간석지 퇴적물 연구, 위성영상을 이용한 연구, 제4기 환경변화와 간석지에 관한 연구, 그리고 간석지의 생태학적 연구 등 4개 분야로 구분하였다. 한국의 간석지 연구사를 종합적으로 살펴보면, 간석지 연구는 일제시대 때부터 있었으나 대부분 수산업에 관계된 연구들이었다. 이후 1960년대에는 간척사업으로 인해 형성된 간척지를 대상으로 하는 연구에 집중되었다. 지형학적인 관점에서의 간석지에 관한 연구는 1970년대에 본격적으로 시작되어 1980년대 이후부터 간석지의 중요성이 알려지면서 더욱 활기를 띠게 되었다. 특히, 퇴적환경과 지표 형태 및 생태계, 지형 변화에 관한 연구가 주를 이루었으며, 2000년대 이후에는 위성영상 자료와 현장조사를 병행하여 접근하기 어려운 간석지의 퇴적상 및 퇴적환경 변화를 지속적으로 모니터링 하는 연구가 진행되었다. 우리나라의 간석지에 관한 지리학 분야에서의 학술연구는 다수 진행되었지만, 지형학에서의 간석지 연구 성과는 소수에 의해 진행되어 여전히 블루오션과 같은 분야이다. 따라서 향후 더 많은 지형학자의 관심 속에서 우리나라의 간석지에 대한 다양한 연구가 진행되어 지형학에서의 주요 연구 분야로 정착하기를 기대한다. In this study, the tidal flat research history of South Korea was organized by type and period. South Korea`s tidal flat research history was largely divided into four fields: sediment research of tidal flat, research using satellite imagery, research on the Quaternary environment change and tidal flats, and ecological research on tidal flats. The comprehensive review of the South Korean tidal flat research history showed that tidal flats had been researched on since the period of Japanese colonial period, but most of the past studies were related to fisheries. Then, in the 1960s, the studies started to focus on the reclaimed land created through reclamation projects. The research on tidal flats from a geomorphological perspective fundamentally started in the 1970s, and the importance of tidal flats became more widely known in the 1980s. Most of the studies then were about the sedimentary environment and the form of landform, the ecosystem, and morphological changes. Since the 2000s, research has been carried out on satellite imagery data together with field survey, to continuously monitor the changes in the sedimentary facies of tidal flats, and in the sedimentary environment. There have been many academic studies on the geographic field of tidal flats, but the research performance on tidal flats in terms of geomorphology is still a blue ocean that has been touched by only a few. Therefore, it is hoped that various studies on Korean tidal flats will be conducted by geomorphologists in the future, and that such area will be established as an important field of study in geomorphology.

갯벌어로의 특징과 지식체계의 범주

김준 남도민속학회 2022 남도민속연구 Vol.45 No.-

Korea’s “Gaetbeol,” or tidal flats, was officially designated as a UNESCO world heritage site in 2021, and “tidal flat harvesting” was declared National Intangible Cultural Heritage. The former represents a global recognition of the value of gaetbeol as a national heritage while the latter shows the state’s acknowledgment of the long-standing experience and knowledge of the fishermen, who relied on tidal flats for their livelihood, as a type of cultural heritage. Gaetbeol Eoro, or tidal flat harvesting, has been providing a livelihood for fishermen living along the west and south coasts and an economic foundation for the fishing community until the present time. Tidal flat harvesting is the process of collecting fish, shellfish, and algae using tools made based on the traditional knowledge accumulated by generations of fishermen while adapting to the tidal flat (sea) and developing a system of diverse knowledge to maintain these materials as sustainable resources. Tidal flat harvesting, as an intangible asset, can be viewed from the categories of humanity, space, and time. The way they are combined determines the cultural layers of the tidal flat harvesting. Tidal flat harvesting cultures can be divided by such cultural layers. This study aims to examine the related categories and elements. From the perspective of the relationship between tidal flat harvesting, humans, villages, fishing village fraternities, traditional knowledge, fishing gear and methods, faith, and food will be examined, as well as “return-to-farming/fishing villages,” which have recently been debated. While tidal flats are natural resources, tidal flat harvesting has been reorganized as a culture where nature and humans interact with each other. Tidal flat harvesting differs depending on the type of tidal flat including mud flats, sand flats, or mixed flats. Even when catching the same fish in the same type of tidal flats, the shape or usage of the fishing gear may differ. In the relationship between tidal flat harvesting and space, “water depth,” the vertical space that appears when the tide comes in, should be examined in addition to the horizontal space. In other words, new habitats are formed in the tidal flats. Some organisms are active when the tide goes out while others forage for food when the tide comes in. In addition, some marine organisms live in tidal flats; not only the depth of the water but also the speed of the tidal flats must be considered. The habitats vary not only according to the area of the activity of the organisms but also according to the method and scope of fishing activities. Furthermore, tidal flats may disappear or change in nature due to development, resulting in the traditional knowledge surrounding harvesting and fishing, long handed down by fishermen, and related culture such as tools and food, also disappearing or becoming damaged. Finally, it is necessary to consider the category of tidal flat harvesting and time. In tidal flat harvesting, this is the category in which researchers are most interested as well as an area of interest in folklore studies. Fishermen remember and express the time of tidal flat harvesting as “multtae,” or tide times. Multtae is a tidal phenomenon caused by the moon orbiting the earth resulting in high and low tides occurring twice a day with daily variances. Accordingly, the area of the tidal flats that is exposed as the tide goes out varies, and the organisms living there differ. Multtae is repeated twice a month with a cycle of 15 days following the rising and falling of the moon, and the tide levels vary depending on the region. The best times and methods for fishing vary depending on the times, which affects the daily lives of the villagers and the operation of the village. With the advancement of science and technology, fishing operation increasingly depends on fish finders and GPS rather than on experience or handed-down knowledge. These changes may be effec...

유아기 자녀를 둔 부모의 생태소양 함양을 위한 갯벌체험교육프로그램 개발 - 무안 갯벌체험학습장과 생태갯벌과학관을 중심으로 -

오숙현 ( Oh Sook-hyun ) 한국도서(섬)학회 2022 韓國島嶼硏究 Vol.34 No.3

본 연구의 목적은 유아가 추후 지속가능한 인간공동체의 구성원으로서 역할을 할 수 있도록 교육적 안내를 해야 하는 부모의 생태소양을 함양하기 위한 프로그램을 개발하는 것에 있다. 이를 위한 연구문제는 유아기 자녀를 둔 부모의 생태소양 함양을 위한 갯벌체험교육프로그램을 개발하는 것이다. 연구 절차는 다음과 같다. 먼저 생태소양 및 갯벌에 대한 문헌조사 및 현장 답사를 통해 프로그램의 구성, 내용, 교육방법 등을 선정하였다. 그리고 갯벌의 교육적 가치, 생태학적 의미 등에 대한 이론교육과 갯벌에서 이루어질 수 있는 자녀와의 상호작용 방법 및 관련 시설 이용에 대한 교육 프로그램 시안을 개발하였다. 프로그램 시안에 대하여 유아교육 전문가 3인, 과학교육 전문가 3인과의 논의를 통해 타당도를 검증하였다. 마지막으로 유아기 자녀를 둔 부모 5명을 대상으로 2회기의 프로그램을 적용함으로써 프로그램 실시 시간, 이해도, 교수방법, 장소 등에 대한 적절성을 점검하여 수정ㆍ보완 후 최종 프로그램을 확정하였다. 최종 선정된 활동으로는 ‘갯벌과의 만남’, ‘갯벌과 친해지기’, ‘갯벌 생물 알아보기 1-7’, ‘갯벌생태환경을 위한 노력 알아보기’, ‘갯벌생태보전의 필요성 느끼기’, ‘자녀와 함께하는 갯벌 체험 준비 1-3’, ‘자녀와 함께 하는 갯벌 체험 추후 활동’등이다. 본 프로그램의 진행자는 생태소양을 잘 이해하고 있어 이를 적절하게 안내해 줄 수 있는 관련 전문가들이다. 이러한 전문가들이 해당 분야의 지식과 기술을 강의, 시범, 모델링, 역할놀이 등의 방법으로 제시하도록 하였다. 본 프로그램은 부모 자신의 갯벌생태환경에 대한 이해를 확립하고, 생태소양 함양을 위한 교육의 저변 확대와 활성화를 가져오는데 활용될 수 있다. 특히 갯벌체험에 기초한 다양한 생태소양 함양 교육프로그램 개발에 시사하는 바가 크다고 할 수 있다. The purpose of this study is to develop a program to cultivate the ecological literacy of parents who should educationally guide their young children so that their children can play a role as members of a sustainable human community later. The research problem to that end is to develop a tidal flat experience education program for the cultivation of ecological literacy of parents with young children. The study procedure is as follows. First, the composition, content, and educational method of the program were selected through a literature survey and field surveys on ecological literacy and tidal flats. Thereafter, a draft proposal of an education program for theoretical education on the educational value and ecological significance of tidal flats, and methods of interaction with children that can be carried out at tidal flats, and the use of related facilities was developed. The validity of the draft proposal of the program was verified through discussions with three experts in early childhood education and three experts in science education. Finally, the appropriateness of the program implementation time, comprehension, teaching method, location, etc. was checked by applying the program for two sessions to five parents with young children to revise and supplement the program and finalize the final program. The activities that were finally selected include 'Encounters with the tidal flats', 'Becoming intimate with the tidal flats', 'Learn about creatures on the tidal flats 1-7', 'Learn about efforts for the ecological environment of the tidal flats', 'Feel the necessity of the preservation of the ecology of tidal flats', 'Preparation for tidal flat experience with children 1-3', and 'Follow up activities after the tidal flats experience with children'. The hosts of this program are related experts who are well aware of ecological literacy and can properly guide the experience. These experts were requested to present their knowledge and skills in their relevant fields through lectures, demonstrations, modeling, and role plays. This program can be used to establish the parents' own understanding of the ecological environment of tidal flats, and to bring about the expansion of the base and activation of education for the cultivation of ecological literacy. In particular, it could be considered that it has great implications for the development of various ecological literacy cultivation programs on the basis of tidal flats.