Novel Approach for Deriving Test Scenarios and Test Cases from Events

( Sandeep K Singh ),( Sangeeta Sabharwal ),( J P Gupta ) 한국정보처리학회 2012 Journal of information processing systems Vol.8 No.2

Safety critical systems, real time systems, and event-based systems have a complex set of events and their own interdependency, which makes them difficult to test ma Safety critic Safety critical systems, real time systems, and event-based systems have a complex set of events and their own interdependency, which makes them difficult to test manually. In order to cut down on costs, save time, and increase reliability, the model based testing approach is the best solution. Such an approach does not require applications or codes prior to generating test cases, so it leads to the early detection of faults, which helps in reducing the development time. Several model-based testing approaches have used different UML models but very few works have been reported to show the generation of test cases that use events. Test cases that use events are an apt choice for these types of systems. However, these works have considered events that happen at a user interface level in a system while other events that happen in a system are not considered. Such works have limited applications in testing the GUI of a system. In this paper, a novel model-based testing approach is presented using business events, state events, and control events that have been captured directly from requirement specifications. The proposed approach documents events in event templates and then builds an event-flow model and a fault model for a system. Test coverage criterion and an algorithm are designed using these models to generate event sequence based test scenarios and test cases. Unlike other event based approaches, our approach is able to detect the proposed faults in a system. A prototype tool is developed to automate and evaluate the applicability of the entire process. Results have shown that the proposed approach and supportive tool is able to successfully derive test scenarios and test cases from the requirement specifications of safety critical systems, real time systems, and event based systems.

중환자의 카바페넴 내성 Acinetobacter baumannii 폐렴 치료 시 발생한 이상사례와 위험 인자

최인아,배성권,이용수,배성진 한국병원약사회 2019 병원약사회지 Vol.36 No.4

Background : Pneumonia caused by carbapenem-resistant Acinetobacter baumannii (CRAB) has been a major problem for the intensive care unit (ICU) in recent years. However, antibiotics targeting these pathogens frequently cause adverse events. Thus, we investigated the incidence of adverse events, their risk factors, and treatment outcomes in the CRAB pneumonia patient in the ICU. Methods : Electronic medical records of CRAB pneumonia patients admitted to the ICU from January 1, 2015 to April 1, 2017 were reviewed retrospectively. Patients younger than age 18 years or those whose antibiotic maintenance dosage was within two days were excluded from this study. Results : A total of 127 patients were enrolled in this study, 40 of whom experienced an adverse events, and nephrotoxicity was the most common of those events (n=32, 80%). Combined use of nephrotoxic drugs (OR: 3.44, 95% CI: 1.27-9.34, p=0.015) and cancer history (OR: 3.36, 95% CI: 1.14-9.93, p=0.029) were risk factors for adverse events, but inhaled colistin reduced the risk of adverse events (OR: 0.24, 95% CI: 0.09-0.62, p=0.003). The treatment failure rate (OR: 1.62, 95% CI: 1.20-2.19, p=0.004) and in hospital mortality (OR: 2.30, 95% CI: 1.36-3.88, p=0.002) were higher in patients who experienced adverse events than those who did not experience adverse events. Also, patients with nephrotoxic adverse events experienced prolonged admission to the intensive care unit (40.8±28.0 vs 31.6±18.6, p=0.038). Conclusions : Patients with a history of cancer or who received nephrotoxic agents may have increased risk of adverse events when treating CRAB pneumonia. Also, adverse events were associated with negative outcomes, such as treatment failure, increased in hospital mortality, and prolonged ICU hospital stay. Thus, these patients should be closely monitored for occurrence of adverse events, and healthcare providers should consider the safest treatment option for them.

Adverse Events Following Yellow Fever Vaccination in Korean Children

이재요,김태희,박향미,신혜정,김경은,김재윤,이상택 대한소아감염학회 2009 Pediatric Infection and Vaccine Vol.16 No.1

Purpose : Yellow fever, a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever, is one of the most lethal diseases. Recently there have been an increasing number of Korean children who have travelled to yellow fever endemic zones and were administered yellow fever vaccine (YFV). Therefore, we carried out this study to provide child travelers with safety information of YFV. Methods : This study was conducted at the International Clinic of National Medical Center in Seoul between April 2007 and June 2008 for the evaluation of adverse events of YFV. One hundred twenty-five children received YFV (17-DD) and were prospectively monitored for adverse events through telephone interviews on day 3, 6, 9, 16, 23 and 30 after vaccination. Results : Adverse events were observed in 31 (24.8%) of 125 child travelers who received the YFV. The mean age was 12.5±5.0 years. Sixty-six of the child travelers (52.8%) were males. The common adverse events were pain in 11 (8.8%), swelling in 8 (6.4%) and redness in 7 children (5.6%) at the injection site. The systemic adverse events included mild fever in 5 (4.0%), headache in 5 (4.0%), cough in 4 (3.2%), abdominal pain in 3 (2.4%), and vomiting in 2 children (1.6%). Most of the adverse events were detected within 7 days of administration and there were no differences in adverse events by gender or age. All travelers who had complained of symptoms improved spontaneously or following symptomatic treatment. Conclusion : This study showed that YFV is well-tolerated and there were no reports of severe adverse events. Studies are ongoing to clarify the cause and risk factors for rare adverse events. Purpose : Yellow fever, a mosquito-borne viral hemorrhagic fever, is one of the most lethal diseases. Recently there have been an increasing number of Korean children who have travelled to yellow fever endemic zones and were administered yellow fever vaccine (YFV). Therefore, we carried out this study to provide child travelers with safety information of YFV. Methods : This study was conducted at the International Clinic of National Medical Center in Seoul between April 2007 and June 2008 for the evaluation of adverse events of YFV. One hundred twenty-five children received YFV (17-DD) and were prospectively monitored for adverse events through telephone interviews on day 3, 6, 9, 16, 23 and 30 after vaccination. Results : Adverse events were observed in 31 (24.8%) of 125 child travelers who received the YFV. The mean age was 12.5±5.0 years. Sixty-six of the child travelers (52.8%) were males. The common adverse events were pain in 11 (8.8%), swelling in 8 (6.4%) and redness in 7 children (5.6%) at the injection site. The systemic adverse events included mild fever in 5 (4.0%), headache in 5 (4.0%), cough in 4 (3.2%), abdominal pain in 3 (2.4%), and vomiting in 2 children (1.6%). Most of the adverse events were detected within 7 days of administration and there were no differences in adverse events by gender or age. All travelers who had complained of symptoms improved spontaneously or following symptomatic treatment. Conclusion : This study showed that YFV is well-tolerated and there were no reports of severe adverse events. Studies are ongoing to clarify the cause and risk factors for rare adverse events.

대규모 국제 체육행사로서 올림픽 경기가 국가의 법규범의 변화에 미치는 영향

김종호 한국스포츠엔터테인먼트법학회 2015 스포츠와 법 Vol.18 No.3

Mega sporting events can be defined by their impacts on the society and state and complexity in organization and delivery channel. I challenge the events which include its various characteristics such as economy, culture, law, politics and they must not be treated as just typical single and simple sports event. The top of the ideology and value system of Olympic games may be deduced from the philosophy of Olympicism. The games are organized under the framework that made by International Olympic Committee and Olympic spirits as driving forces are strongly impact on the growth of the events. The paper concludes that while the prospect of economic growth is the driving force behind bids for hosting the mega sports event (i.e., Olympic Games), the legacies that follow their hosting are difficult to quantify, prone to political interpretation and multifaceted. Single and multi-sport events of all natures are multiplying, an increasing number of cities and countries want to host such events, and sponsorship is on the rise both in terms of the number of business organizations wanting to be involved as well as the dollar amounts associated with sponsoring event. These statements are especially true for mega sporting events. Such events are traditionally defined as events designated as being a ‘must-see’ event able to attract worldwide publicity. Countries and cities vigorously compete to host sports mega-events because they perceive that doing so will enhance their image and stimulate or boom-up their economies. International sporting events necessarily require substantial expenditures on infrastructure, organization and security and critically depend, therefore, on public subsidization. Accordingly, careful attention is paid to the presence of constraints on interest and concerns on the goods and service and on the sources of many side of Olympic business and capital investments. One of the reasons for the increased popularity of mega sporting events is the supposed legacies the events can bring to the host region. These legacies are thought to change or impact the host region arguably for the better. Therefore, we should consider the inner and exterior elements of the event, size of the festival, certain degree of intervention of government or private corporation, and public entities, etc. These range of the political, social, economical, physical and cultural effects comes from sports event can be negative as well as positive. This paper reviews the literature on the features of such events and, drawing particular examples from recent Olympic Games which was held over the world cities, it identifies the nature and extent of their impacts on the host country and community. This work analysed many kinds of effect on the society that stemming from the sports and especially legal side of the effects were narrowly examined. Furthermore, my arguments are focused on the reviewing both positive and negative point of view of the impacts of the mega sports events. 대규모 스포츠 행사로서 올림픽은 경제, 문화, 법, 정치 등의 영역에서 다양한 특징들을 내포하고 있기 때문에 본고에서는 올림픽 경기를 하나의 전형적이고 단순한 대규모 체육행사로서만 취급되어서는 안 된다는 것을 분석을 통하여 제시하고자 한다. 올림픽 경기들은 올림픽주의라고 하는철학으로부터 최고의 이념이나 가치가 도출된다. 국제올림픽위원회가 정한 엄격한 틀 내에서 경기가 조직되고 올림픽주의라는 정신이 그 성장과 발전에 원동력으로서 영향을 미친다. 대규모 스포츠 행사의 유치는 다양한 혜택을 가져오게 되고 이것은 본질적으로 도시나 지역개발을 위한 정부의 주도권에서부터 사경제 영역의 이익을 얻기 위한 주도권에 이르기까지 다양한범위에 걸친 이해관계와 관련되어 있다. 그 결과 조직위원회는 갈등이 배제된 다양한 이해관계를다루어야 하는 바 이것은 그들이 아주 복잡한 업무를 수행해야 함을 의미한다. 대규모 스포츠 행사를 개념 정의함에 있어서 우리는 이 행사에 미치는 영향의 정도를 추가할 필요가 있고 내부적인결정인자들은 조직적인 측면에 있어서 복잡성뿐만 아니라 그 행사의 규모와 기간도 포함하고 정부와 사기업, 그리고 공공단체와 같은 다양한 단체의 개입정도도 고려해야만 한다. 대규모 스포츠 행사가 그와 같은 순기능을 실제로 발휘하는지 여부에 대해서는 여러 학자들에의해서 논쟁이 제기되었다. 대규모 스포츠 행사가 유치도시와 지역에 미치는 영향은 그 정도가 크고 범위가 다양하며, 이와 같은 행사는 어느 국가이든지 긍정적인 결과를 야기할 수 있다는 생각이 여러 문헌들에 의해서 지지를 받고 있다. 본고에서는 대형 스포츠 행사가 우리사회에 미치는다양한 영향에 대해서 논의하는데 특히 법규범에 미치는 변화를 살펴보았다. 나아가 스포츠 행사가 미치는 영향의 긍정적인 측면에 대한 반론에 대해서도 초점을 맞추어 고찰하였다.

사립 유치원 행사와 교육과정 연계의 실태 및 개선 방안

노경옥(Kyoung Ock Noh),김주후(Ju Hu Kim),전유영(Yoo Young Jeon) 한국열린유아교육학회 2014 열린유아교육연구 Vol.19 No.5

본 연구는 사립 유치원 행사와 교육과정 연계의 실태 및 개선 방안에 대하여 알아봄으로써 바람직한 행사 운영의 방향을 제시하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구대상은 경기도에 소재한 사립 유치원 교사 200명이었으며, 수집된 자료를 빈도분석 및 기술통계 처리 하였다. 연구결과, 첫째, 유치원 행사와 교육과정 연계 실태 측면에서 보면, 행사를 선정하는 주요 근거로는 원장 및 원감의 의견이 가장 높았고 행사의 유형별 필요성은 안전지도관련 행사가 가장 높게 나타났다. 행사와 교육과정의 연계정도에 대해서는 약간 긍정적인 반응을 보였으나 행사로 인한 수업결손도 나타났다. 교육과정과 연계성이 가장 낮은 행사 유형은 ‘학예행사’로 나타났고, 수업결손에 대한 대처는 미비한 것으로 드러났다. 행사 평가와 관련된 내용 중 ‘유아 및 학부모의 참여도와 만족도’가 가장 높게 나타났다. 행사의 가장 긍정적인 영향은 ‘다양한 경험을 통한 학습흥미 신장’으로, 가장 부정적인 영향은 ‘과중한 업무로 인한 일상적 수업준비 미비’로 나타났다. 둘째, 유치원 행사와 교육과정 연계의 어려움 측면에서 보면, 행사와 교육과정을 연계시키기 어려운 이유로는 ‘교육적 행사의 선정에 대한 적절한 기준의 부재’가 가장 높게 나타났다. 행사 운영의 부담에 대해 원장은 ‘유아와 부모의 요구반영’, 교사는 ‘행사 준비를 위한 과중 업무’, 유아는 ‘행사 준비를 위한 수업의 반복’, 그리고 부모는 ‘부모의 행사활동 참여’에 대한 부담이 가장 높다고 응답하였다. 셋째, 유치원 행사와 교육과정 연계의 개선 방안과 관련해서, 교사들은 형식적인 행사의 종류와 수를 줄일 것을 지적하였다. 축소 가능한 행사 유형으로는 ‘학예행사’가 가장 높게 나타났다. 행사 운영단계별 교육과정과의 연계방안으로, 계획단계에서는 ‘연간행사계획에서 꼭 필요한 행사만 계획’, 진행단계에서는 ‘평소의 자연스런 환경에서 수업으로 진행’, 평가 단계에서는 ‘평가 결과를 다음 행사활동 교육과정에 반영’을 가장 많이 선택하였다. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current status of linkage between kindergarten events and curriculum as well as improvement direction. It was also aimed to suggest appropriate direction for events implementation. The subjects of this study were 200 kindergarten teachers who are working for kindergartens located in Gyeonggi-do province. By utilizing the collected data, frequency analyses and descriptive statistics were conducted. The results of this study showed that first, in terms of linkage between kindergarten events and curriculum, the primary criterion of events selection was directors’ or vicedirectors’ ideas. Necessity of events by type revealed that the highest and lowest frequencies were ‘safety guidance related events’ and ‘arts events’ respectively. The teachers showed somewhat positive responses to the level of linkage between events and curriculum, but class deficit was also reported. The lowest level of curriculum linkage was arts events. Of the events evaluation related contents, ‘participation and satisfaction of young children and parents’ was found to be the highest priority. The teachers chose positive and negative impacts of events as ‘improvement of learning interests through diverse experiences’ and ‘incomplete preparation of normal class because of heavy job load’ respectively. Second, in terms of difficulty aspects of linkage between kindergarten events and curriculum, the primary reason of poor linkage between events and curriculum was found to be ‘absence of criterion for selection of educational events’. For events implementation, the teachers chose ‘reflection of needs of young children and parents’, ‘heavy job load for events preparation’, ‘repetition of class for events preparation’, ‘parents’ participation in events activities’ as primary burdens of directors, teachers themselves, young children, and parents respectively. Third, for the direction of strong linkage between kindergarten events and curriculum, teachers pointed out reduction of the types and numbers of perfunctory events. As a type of educable event, ‘arts events’ was selected. For curriculum linkage ideas by stage of event implementation, teachers chose ‘planning of necessary events out of annual events plans’, ‘implementation as a regular class under unaffected circumstance’, ‘reflection of events results in the planning for next events curriculum’ as the stage of planning, implementation, and evaluation respectively.

유치원 행사에 대한 현황 및 교사의 인식

김마리(Kim Ma Ri),이승연(Lee Seung Yeon) 한국육아지원학회 2008 육아지원연구 Vol.3 No.2

본 연구는 유치원 행사에 대한 현황 및 교사의 인식을 알아보기 위해 국ㆍ공립 및 사립유치원에 1년 이상 근무 중인 교사 206명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 연구결과는 첫째, 교사들은 유아들에게 다양한 경험을 제공해줌으로써 학습 흥미를 신장시키기 위한 목적으로 평균 연간 20회 이상의 행사를 실시하고 있었다. 둘째, 유아의 흥미도가 높다고 교사들이 인식한 행사는 유아중심의 행사였고, 낮다고 인식한 행사는 성인 중심의 행사였다. 또한 부모의 만족도가 높다고 교사들이 인식한 행사는 부모가 참여하는 행사들이 많았다. 마지막으로 교육적 필요도가 높다고 교사들이 인식한 행사는 안전ㆍ방재지도나 부모교육 행사였고, 낮다고 인식한 행사는 유치원 홍보를 위한 전시성 행사였다. 셋째, 행사의 운영단계는 충실히 이루어지지 않고 있는 것으로 나타났으며, 다양한 문제점들이 지적되었다. 가정과의 연계 또한 활발히 이루어지지 않고 있었으며, 교사들은 가정과의 연계를 실시하는 데에 어려움을 느끼고 있는 것으로 나타났다. The purpose of this study was to identify the current status of kindergarten events and teachers' perceptions on them. The subjects of this study were 206 kindergarten teachers who were working at public or private kindergartens in Seoul and Gyeonggi province, with at least one-year experience. The teachers were completed a questionnaire made for this study. The findings of the study are as follows: First, the teachers thought that the purpose of kindergarten events is to enhance interests in learning by providing young children with various experiences. The ideal number of events that the teachers thought was 4-6 times a year, while the actual number of events was 20 times a year. Second, the teachers perceived that children-centered events were the ones that young children show higher interests, while adult-centered events such as ceremonies and exhibitions were the ones that young children show lower interests. The teachers also perceived that the events where parents participate such as parent participation days and christmas parties were the ones that parents show higher satisfaction. In terms of educational necessity, the teachers perceived that the events such as safety education and parent education have higher educational necessity, while the events for displaying or advertising the kindergarten have lower educational necessity. Third, the difficulties in selecting and planning curriculum-connected events, the excessive frequency of events, the unusual management of curriculum due to excessive exercises for such events were indicated to be the most severe problems in planning, preparing, and holding kindergarten events. The cooperation with families of young children in the whole process of events was also a major difficulty that the teachers expressed.

Construction of Sports Event Standard System in the Context of Big Data and Internet of Things

Jin Zha 한국정보처리학회 2024 Journal of information processing systems Vol.20 No.3

It is a complex project to construct the standard system of sports events. Sports events standard system coversfrom the implementation plan to the evaluation work after the smooth implementation of sports events,involving many links. Large-scale sports events have extremely high media value. However, the successfulorganization and operation of large-scale sports events face many problems to be overcome, especially in termsof event safety. Although the organizers and organizers of large-scale events have invested many resources forthe safe holding of sports events, violence similar to "football hooligans" in Europe is endless. At present,compared with Western countries, the standardization of sports events in China is low, and there is a problemof a late start and huge difference with Western developed countries. Knowing the construction of thestandardization system's situation in China, we have summarized the data related to 15 sports events held inChengdu is the last 5 years. By analyzing the problems in the process of holding these 15 events and thereflections of participants on the experience of sports events, the problems in the development of the standardsystem of sports events are discussed in depth. The final conclusion is that the system structure of China's sportsevents is not so good and athletes have a poor experience. China's sports event system still has many problems. Finally, we built a sports event standardization model using Internet of Things, and after a practical test wefound that it has a good effect. Finally, we combined the current situation of sports event standardization systemin China and put forward the following suggestions: laws and regulations related to the standard system ofsports events must be formulated at the national level. The implementation level must strengthen the degree ofintegration of sports events and technology. To improve the quality of human resources in the management ofsports events. The article puts forward targeted solutions, which play a great role in promoting the perfectionand completeness of China's standard system for sports events. At the same time, it also promotes economicdevelopment and improves China's international status.

능동규칙에서 시간사건의 처리 모델

옥수호,홍규완 동의공업대학 1999 論文集 Vol.25 No.1

In this paper, We have classified temporal events in active rule, studied the properties of them, and implemented the SQL-like temporal event definition language and the temporal event processor. Temporal events are classified into primitive events and composite events. Primitive events are defined as absolute-time events and database operation events with an event modifier, PRE or POST. Composite events are defined as relative time events, periodic events, aperiodic events, disjunction, conjunction and sequence. For processing temporal events we have designed the Temporal Event Preprocessor(TEP) and the Temporal Event Detector(TED). The TEP consists of parser, database operation event transformer, and query executor. The TED consists of initializer, absolute-time event detector, database operation event detector, and composite event detector. TEP and TED have been implemented as a front-end system running on the extended relational active database system, PostgreSQL V6.0, and tested using various business applications.

공공공간에서 다양한 도시사건의 유형과 서사적 자원으로서의 공간적 관계에 관한 연구

노욱 ( Lu Yu ),서동진 ( Seo Dongjin ),김주연 ( Kim Jooyun ) 한국공간디자인학회 2022 한국공간디자인학회논문집 Vol.17 No.7

(Background and Purpose) As an important part of urban development, urban events constitute a colorful urban life. The event not only reflects the unique image of the city but also becomes an effective means to improve the comprehensive competitiveness. And as the core component of narrative, events can provide rich theme content for narrative space design. From the perspective of considering events as a narrative resource, the elements of events can be used as themes and experiences in space. The active use of urban events provides diversified resources for stimulating urban vitality and improving urban space quality, and provides important theoretical support for the research of narrative design methods in the future. (Method) The related concepts of the event and its influence on the field of space design are theoretically investigated. The concept of diverse urban events is put forward from the viewpoint of narrative design resources. Urban events are divided into thematic events and experiential events, and their constituent contents are specifically distinguished, and the utilization principles of urban events and their relationship with space are analyzed. To establish the analysis framework of the research content and conduct the case study. Based on the results of the analysis, it is possible to determine whether diverse urban events play an important role in urban space and social life. (Results) First, the event is an epitome of understanding the city, and it is the driving force for the sustainable development of urban economy and culture and the renewal of urban space. Second, thematic events and experiential events together form narrative resources, and event elements play a clearer role in the design process. Thirdly, when urban events are selected as narrative resources, four principles should be followed according to the characteristics of the events. The interaction between various urban events and urban space, as a narrative resource, has an important impact on people's values and urban development. (Conclusions) Cities need events (stories) and a sense of identity, based on which cultural pride can be built. The proper use of events can improve the quality and attention of the city. The narrative resources of each city show obvious self-characteristics, and the study of urban events should be carried out from a broader perspective. This study emphasizes the importance of urban events, redefines the concept and type of urban events, determines the content of event evaluation, and provides a reference standard for the selection and utilization of event elements. It is hoped that the research results of this paper will play an effective role in improving the further research of narrative public space design system in the future.

노인의 중요생활사건 정서가에 따른 사건의 주제, 발생 시기 및 회상정보 인출량

김영경(Young-Kyoung Kim) 한국인간발달학회 2022 人間發達硏究 Vol.29 No.2

본 연구는 노인이 회상하는 긍정적 및 부정적인 중요생활사건의 주제가 무엇이고, 그 사건은 언제 발생했으며, 부정사건보다 긍정사건을 더 상세히 기억하는지 알아보기 위해 수행하였다. 연구 참가자는 노인 60명으로 평균연령은 75.75세였으며, 내 인생의 중요생활사건 중 긍정적인 사건 세 가지, 부정적인 사건 세 가지를 회상하도록 하였다. 사건 주제 및 연령은 빈도와 백분율로 알아보았고 사건 정서가별 정보량 차이는 SPSS 21을 사용하여 일원변량분석을 실시하였다. 그 결과, 사건 주제에서 긍정사건으로 자녀 출생이 가장 많았고 그다음으로 인간관계, 일, 자녀 결혼, 본인 결혼 순이었으며, 부정사건으로 가장 많이 회상한 주제는 사별이었고 인간관계, 건강, 금전문제가 뒤를 이었다. 사건 발생 시 연령은 긍정사건에서 26-30세가 현저히 높았던 반면, 부정사건에서는 26-30세가 61-65세와 유사하게 높았고 긍정사건만큼 다른 연령대와 뚜렷한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 그리고 노인은 긍정사건보다 부정사건의 세부사항, 사건에 관련된 나의 행동과 사고, 사건에 관련된 타인의 언어와 행동을 더 잘 기억하였다. 이러한 결과는 회고절정이 긍정사건에서 나타나는 현상이라는 주장을 지지하였으며, 노년기 긍정편향이 나타나지 않으면서 자전적 기억의 자기향상기능을 지지하지 않았다. 논의에서 본 연구의 의의, 제한점, 추후연구에 대해 기술하였다. This study investigates the themes of positive/negative life events, occurrence time of those life events, and the self-enhancement function of autobiographical memories in older adults. Participants were 60 older adults(M = 75.75, 25 males, 35 females) and recalled the three positive/negative important life events. If persons were not at the level of normal cognitive function and depression, they could not participate. The percentage of event themes and occurrence time of events were produced and ANOVA was performed for self-enhancement function of autobiographical memory. The results showed that the birth of children was the most recalled theme and social relationship, career, marriage of children, and marriage were produced in positive events. In negative events separation by death, social relationship, health, and financial trouble were recalled. The occurrence time of events showed a bump between 21 and 30 only in positive events. ANOVA showed that older adults recalled more informations about event details, actions and thoughts of themselves, and talk and actions of others in negative events than positive events. These findings suggest the differences by cultures in themes of important life events, a bump during young adulthood only in positive events and did not support the self-enhancement function of autobiographical memory.