Appropriate Methods in Determining the Event Mean Concentration and Pollutant Removal Efficiency of a Best Management Practice

Marla C. Maniquiz,Ji Yeon Choi,So Young Lee,Hye Jin Cho,Lee Hyung Kim 대한환경공학회 2010 Environmental Engineering Research Vol.15 No.4

This study attempted to develop and suggest a more appropriate method for the determination of event mean concentration (EMC) and pollutant removal efficiency of a stormwater best management practice (BMP) considering rainfall. The stormwater runoff and hydrologic data gathered from 22 storm events during a 28-month monitoring period on a swirl and filtration type of BMP were used to evaluate the developed methods. Based on the findings, the modified EMC method resulted in lower (average) values than the overall EMC, although the differences were not significant (P>0.05). By comparison, the developed ``Rainfall Occurrence Ratio`` (ROR) method was most significantly correlated (r=0.967 to 988, P<0.009) with the other existing removal efficiency determination methods such as the ``Efficiency Ratio`` (ER), ``Summation of Loads`` (SOL) and ``Regression of Loads`` (ROL) methods. In addition, the ROR method gave the highest efficiency values, with no significant differences with any of the pollutant parameters, unlike the other three methods. These results were obtained because the ROR method integrated both pollutant loading and rainfall, which are not considered by the other three methods. Therefore, this study proved the suitability of the modified EMC and ROR methods for application in other BMP monitoring studies.

스포츠 이벤트 라이센싱 상품화 사업의 성공전략 방안

심우택(ShimWootaek),신선윤(ShinSun-yun) 한국체육학회 2017 한국체육학회지 Vol.56 No.3

본 연구는 스포츠 이벤트 라이센싱 사업을 성공으로 이끌 수 있는 핵심 요인을 중심으로 IPA방법을 통해 그 요소들을 분석하고 매트릭스의 각 사분면 위에 지표들을 도식화하여 라이센싱 상품화 사업의 전략수립 방향을 도출하고자 하였다. 연구 목적의 달성을 위해, 조사도구로서 ‘라이센싱 상품화사업 성공요인 도출을 위한 탐색적 연구: 메가스포츠 이벤트를 중심으로(심우택, 신선윤, 2016)’을 통해 도출된 최종요인을 활용하였다. 이러한 조사도구를 바탕으로 연구방법으로서 IPA분석방법을 활용하여 각 속성의 상대적인 중요도와 만족도를 동시에 비교, 분석하였다. 특히, IPA분석방법을 통한 사분면 해석의 모호함을 해소하기 위해, 사분면 대신 연속된 대각선상에서 우선순위를 판단하는 방식으로서 Slack(1994)의 IPA 조사방법을 활용하였다. 연구결과 중요도 측면에서는 중요도가 높은 속성은 라이센싱 제품 디자인, 마스코트 등과 같은 상징적인 캐릭터의 개발, 해당 스포츠 이벤트에 대한 대중의 관심 등의 순으로 나타났고, 성취도 측면에서는 대회 참가 스타선수 존재 여부, 마스코트 등과 같은 상징적인 캐릭터의 개발 등의 순으로 나타났다. 이후 최종적으로 결론에서는 이러한 IPA의 분석 결과에 마케팅믹스 이론을 접목시켜 4P’s에 따른 메가스포츠 이벤트 라이센싱 상품화 사업을 성공적으로 이끌 수 있는 전략을 논의하였다. The purpose of this study is to analyze the factors through the IPA method focusing on the key factors leading to the success of the sport event licensing business and to derive the strategy establishment direction of the licensing merchandising business by plotting the indicators on each quadrant of the matrix. In order to achieve the purpose of the research, the final factor derived from the ‘An Exploratory Study on the Success factors for Effective Licensing and Merchandising: Focusing on the Mega Sports Events’ was used as the research tool. The relative importance and satisfaction of each attribute were compared and analyzed using the IPA method as a research method based on these survey tools. Especially, to solve the ambiguity of quadratic analysis through IPA method, Slack(1994)'s IPA method was used as a interpretational frame of determining priority on consecutive diagonal lines instead of conventional quadrants of IPA. As a result of research, in terms of importance, ‘design of licensing products', 'development of symbolic characters such as mascots', and 'public interest in the corresponding sports events’were appeared and in terms of accomplishment, 'the presence of star players’ and 'development of symbolic characters such as mascots' were appeared in the order. Finally, at the conclusion, the marketing mix theory was applied to the IPA analysis results and the strategy to successfully lead the mega sport event licensing commercialization project according to 4P's was discussed.

TV시사다큐멘터리 영상재현의 사실성 표현에 관한 수용성 연구

이규정 ( Gyu Jeong Lee ) 현대사진영상학회 2008 현대사진영상학회논문집 Vol.11 No.-

In this study the image representation skills for TV current events documentary have been reviewed and the analysis on how accepters accept them has been made. Especially, the analysis was carried out focusing on what kinds of characters the image representation methods of TV current events documentary have and how those accepters react to a variety of image representation methods. For this, two current events documentaries televised on MBC and YTN have been selected and the statistical analysis and survey have been carried out via experimental researchers. As a result of this study, in those current events documentaries representation images such as archive films, materials images, the interview with a witness at the crime scene are used, and it is notable to use representation technologies in case there are no related materials. In addition, it was conformed that image methods that highlight captions, graphic laps, other images, and letters was largely used. In the meantime, by comparison with the fact items on the image representation methods (credibility, relevancy, objectivity), archive films and images on the crime images at the crime scene are closer to the fact(credibility, relevancy, objectivity) than anchor`s speaking. Concerning he interview type, the interview at the crime scene was more reliable than any other materials. In the configuration image the images directly photographed showed more reliance in credibility, relevance, and objectivity than computer images. This fact proves that the images on the spot and the image representation methods carried out at the crime scene are more effective. In addition, it was confirmed that in the representation method used when there are no materials related to accidents, image representation showed more reliance than the drama representation. Furthermore, when the accepters` thoughts and feelings on the image representation methods were analyzed, the credibility on drama representation and computer CG image configure was evaluated to be low but that on interesting degree and comprehension to be high. However, from the standpoint of view of the production intention that those current events make a contribution to realize social justice as they let us know the truth of accidents, using archive films, witnesses` interviews, and visual displays may raise the credibility of accepters. In conclusion, it is necessary to use the images on the spot that maximally guaranties the fact to raise the credibility and objectivity in making TV currents documentaries and to have image representation methods that appeal to viewers by introducing specific, high percentage-completed computer CG images, and abundant representation methods guarantying many things worth seeing configure images that are short of materials or that have none.

아동들의 스트레스 생활사건과 대처방법 및 사회적 지지와의 관계연구

이강오,나덕미,박경애 조선의대 1995 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.20 No.2

초과강우에 대한 우수관망 신뢰도 평가 기법

이정호,박무종,Lee. Jung Ho,Park. Moo Jong 한국방재학회 2012 한국방재학회논문집 Vol.12 No.4

우수관망의 신뢰도에 관한 기존의 연구들 중 우수관망에서의 파괴 현상을 초과 강우 사상들에 대한 월류 발생 현상으로 정의하고 이에 따른 신뢰도 산정 방법인 RSDMM(Reliability of Sewer system using DMM)을 제안한 바가 있다. 이때 RSDMM 산정을 위한 매개변수로는 초과 강우 사상들에 대한 관망 내 월류 발생량 및 발생 지점 개수가 되며, 이때 이 두 가지 요소는 단위와 차원이 다르므로 거리척도방법(Distance Measure Method, DMM)을 이용하여 하나의 정량화된 신뢰도를 산정하였다. 그러나 이러한 연구에서 제안된 우수관망 신뢰도 산정식 및 산정 절차는 적용 대상이 되는 초과강우 사상들의 범위를 명확히 규정짓지 못하고 있다. 즉, 적용되는 초과강우사상에 따라서 월류의 발생 현상이 명확히 차이남에도 불구하고 단순 평균하여 신뢰도를 산정하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 우수관망 신뢰도 산정을 위한 적용 대상 초과강우사상의 범위를 명확히 규정지었으며, 또한 빈도별 초과강우사상에 따른 월류 발생량 및 발생 지점 개수에 대한 스케일 조정을 통하여 하나의 정량화된 신뢰도를 산정할 수 있도록 기존의 RSDMM 산정식을 개선하고 산정 절차를 새롭게 수립하였다. One of the researches about the reliability of storm sewer network defined the sewer system failure as the overflow occurrence for the rainfall events and suggested the reliability evaluation method of storm sewer network, RSDMM(Reliability of Sewer system using DMM). In this study, the parameters to estimate the reliability are the overflow volume and the number of the overflow manholes in the storm sewer network. In order to estimate the reliability, this method used the Distance Measure Method (DMM) to estimate the distance between the parameters while the units and dimensions of each parameter are different. But, the frequency boundary of applied rainfall events was not clear although the reliability results can be different when the boundary of rainfall event`s frequency is different. That is, the RSDMM is estimated as the average of overflows for each excessive rainfall event although the overflow occurrences are different according to applied rainfall frequencies. Therefore, to solve these problems and improve the RSDMM, in this study, the frequency boundary of applied rainfall events was defined clearly and the scale control between the number of overflow nodes and overflow volume was organized. Then, the reliability of sewer network is estimated as the quantitative evaluation and this new suggested method improved the RSDMM of Lee`s study.

일부 체육고등학교 학생의 자아개념 및 스트레스 요인과 대처방법에 관한 연구

오현이,김혜숙 朝鮮大學校 附設 醫學硏究所 1992 The Medical Journal of Chosun University Vol.17 No.1

The purpose of this study was tried to find out the students stressful life events, their methods to cope with them, and their self-concept effecting on the coping method, to analize the relationship among these three variables, and to provide basic data which maintain and promote student's adaptability and mental health. The data were collected from total 216 students of a physical education high school in Gwansg-ju. The Questionnair survey was done from June 25 to July 5, 1991. The instruments were composed of; 1. A part of Choi's perceptual orientation scale for measuring Self-Perception of students. 2. Rosenberg's Questionnair for measuring student's evaluation of self-esteem. 3. Modified McCubbin's Adolescent-Family Inventory of Life Events and Changes and Adolescent Life Change Event Questionnaire by Oh and Han's Stressful Life Events. 4. Modified Patterson's Adolescent Coping Orientation for Problem Experience by Oh and Han's coping method. The survey questionnaire consisted of 30 questions related to self-concepts, 47 questions related to stressful life events, and 44 questions related to coping method. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, frequency, ANOVA, t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient. The results were summarized as follows; 1. The mean score of self concept was 10.58. 2. The mean score of stressful life events was 6.31. 3. The mean score of coping methods was 120.28. 4. The relationship between general characteristics and self-concept represented significant differences in sex(t=3.27, P=0.00), academic score(F=4.81, P=0.00), leisure time(F=4.32, P=0.00), reading(F=3.52, P=0.01), going to college after graduation(F=7.04, P=0.00), and health condition(F=6.39, P=0.00). 5. The relationship between stressful life events and general characteristics represented significant differences in presence or absence of parents (F=3.49, P=0.00), academic score(F=4.29, P=0.00), and family atmosphere(F=-2.74, P=0.01). 6. The relationship between general characteristics and coping methods represented significant differences in religion(F=3.11, P=0.02), educational level of father(F=2.57, P=0.03), and leisure time(F=3.98, P=0.00). 7. The relationship between self-concept and coping methods(r=0.30, P=0.00), and stressful life events and coping methods(r=0.30, P=0.00) represented correlation statistically significant.

Freund 이변량 지수분포의 매개변수 추정과정 검토

박철순,유철상 한국수자원학회 2012 한국수자원학회논문집 Vol.45 No.2

본 연구에서는 연최대치 독립 호우사상의 결정에 사용되는 Freund 이변량 지수분포의 매개변수 추정과정을 구체적으로 검토하였다. 먼저, 모멘트법을 이용하는 경우를 구체적으로 검토하고, 그 결과를 최우도법을 적용한 결과와 비교하였다. 두 방법을 1961~2010년 서울지점의 시강우 자료에 적용하여 연최대치 독립 호우사상을 선정하고, 그 결과를 비교·검토하였다. 이러한 과정을 통해 얻은 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 매개변수 추정방법으로 모멘트법을 적용하는 경우에는 두 변량의 평균과 분산뿐만 아니라 상관계수도 고려해 주어야 하는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 최우도법은 두 변량의 평균에 대한 재현성이 우수하고, 모멘트법은 분산의 경년변동을 잘 나타내는 것으로 나타났다. 셋째, 모멘트법과 최우도법을 통해 선정한 연최대치 독립 호우사상들은 대체로 유사한 것으로 나타났다. 다르게 선정된 호우사상은 최우도법의 경우에는 총 강우량이 큰 것, 모멘트법의 경우에는 강우강도가 큰 것으로 나타났다. This study reviewed the parameter estimation procedure of the Freund bivariate exponential distribution for the decision of the annual maximum rainfall event. The method of moments was reviewed first, whose results were compared with those from the method of maximum likelihood. Both methods were applied to the hourly rainfall data of the Seoul rain gauge station measured from 1961 to 2010 to select the annual maximum rainfall events, which were also compared each other. The results derived are as follows. First, when applying the method of moments for the parameter estimation, it was found necessary to consider the correlation coefficient between the two variables as well as the mean and variance. Second, the method of maximum likelihood was better to reproduce the mean, but the method of moments was better to reproduce the annual variation of the variance. Third, The annual maximum rainfall events derived were very similar in both cases. Among differently selected annual maximum rainfall events, those with the higher rainfall amount were selected by the method of maximum likelihood, but those with the higher rainfall intensity by the method of moments.

Dynamic Event-triggered Approximate Optimal Control Strategy for Nonlinear Systems

Songsong Cheng,Mingjian Zhu,Yuhui Fu,Xiaohan Fang,Yuan Fan 제어·로봇·시스템학회 2022 International Journal of Control, Automation, and Vol.20 No.5

This work proposes a novel dynamic event-triggered approximate optimal control strategy for nonlinear continuous-time systems. By employing the dynamic event-triggered control scheme, the purposes of maintaining system stability, approximatly minimizing the cost function, and saving communication as well as computation resources can be achieved simultaneously. Firstly, to obtain the solution of the optimal control problem, we propose the Hamiltonian-Jacobian-Bellman (HJB) equation. A critic network is involved to approximate the optimal discounted cost function. A weight matrix update scheme using gradient descent method is designed to realize the weight calculation of the neural network. Secondly, a dynamic event-triggered condition has been presented to derive a near optimal event-triggered controller, which is more efficient in resource utilization than that of existing results. By using the Lyapunov method, it is proven that the states in the closed-loop system are uniformly ultimately bounded. Finally, numerical results and some comparison with the static ETM and time-triggered systems have been provided to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed dynamic event-triggered mechanisms (ETM).

Event Study 방법론을 통한 지역 중소기업들의 환위험노출 추정

최성희(Sunghee Choi),이기동(Ki-Dong Lee),최종일(Jong-Il Choe) 한국경제연구학회 2012 한국경제연구 Vol.30 No.2

기업의 동시기적(contemporaneous) 환위험노출을 분석하기 위해 기존의 논문들이 대표적으로 사용하는 Adler and Dumas(1984) 실증모형은 통계적으로 유의한 추정결과를 제시하는데 한계를 가지고 있다. 따라서 본 논문은 기존의 전통적인 방법론과 달리 event study 방법론을 사용하여 2008년 글로벌 금융위기시 발생하였던 급격한 환율변동이 비수도권에 위치한 주요 4대 지역의 중소기업 수익률에 미친 효과를 분석하였다. 실증결과로서 전체 기업의 약 51%가 환율변동에 유의하게 노출되는 것으로 발견되었는데, 이는 기존의 10% 내외의 성공률과 비교할 경우 매우 개선된 결과이다. 또한 높은 수출비중과 많은 단기차입금을 가지고 있는 기업일수록 더 높은 노출 정도를 보인 것으로 발견되었는데, 특히 단기차입금과 관련된 결과는 기존의 연구에서 다루어지지 않았다는 점에서 의미가 있다. Existing literature using the standard empirical model of Adler & Dumas(1984) for estimating exchange-rate exposure of firms have difficulty in providing statistically significant results. Responding such difficulty, this paper first attempts to find the impact of the sizable exchange rate changes on returns of Korean “small and medium enterprises (SME)” located in 4 major regions out of the capital area for the 2008 global credit crisis period using the event study method. The primary finding is that about 51% of the total sample SMEs are significantly exposed to exchange rate fluctuation, which is an astonishing result compared to about 10% by most of prior studies. In addition, it is found that the significantly exposed SMEs have higher ratio of export to total sales and greater short-term debt, on average, rather than insignificantly exposed SMEs.

BEYOND A DYADIC VIEW ON VALUE CO-CREATION: A MULTI-ACTOR PERSPECTIVE FROM BUSINESS NETWORKING EVENTS

Vincent-Wayne Mitchell,Bodo B. Schlegelmilch,Sorina-Diana Mone 글로벌지식마케팅경영학회 2014 Global Marketing Conference Vol.2014 No.6

The events industry continues to grow and is estimated to be worth around 30 billion dollars yearly involving more than 50 million trips worldwide. MICE (meetings, incentives, conferencing, exhibitions) offer opportunities for business networking, business development and customer loyalty, and are used for internal company purposes as well as for external commercial gain. However, capturing the value of any given MICE appears difficult and relatively little is known about how customers engage in co-creation and there are few models or frameworks. Moreover, dyadic encounter and value from a provider perspective ignore the measurement of customer value in multi-actor service encounters. The research questions posed by this study were therefore: How do multi-actor service encounters differ from dyadic ones? Do current value frameworks capture all the value created in these encounters? And how can multi-actor service providers increase customer value? To address these questions, we embarked on a qualitative study with 35 actors (attendees, organizers, speakers) from networking events, using a service-dominant logic approach to conceptualizing customer perceived value from networking events. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first empirical studies to address the joint creation of value in service encounters characterised by multiple providers (provider network approach) and multiple customers (customer group approach) at the same time and studied from the perspectives of both sides. In answering our first research question of how do multi-actor service encounters different from dyadic ones, we first identify several characteristics that define multi-actor services and compare them to traditional one-to-one services. Our second research question asked whether current value taxonomies capture all the value created in these encounters and we conceptualised the dimensions of event value (social, professional, learning, emotional and hedonic), and show how these relate to existing value taxonomies, as well as highlighting professional value which is new and novel to event encounters. Thirdly, in answering how multi-actor service providers can increase customer value, we supplement previous research on customer value from the providers’ view by adding how the design and execution of service impacts customer value. From this managerial perspective, our study brings new perspectives for event management in understanding when and where value is created and therefore when and how it should be measured. In terms of assessing interaction and engagement, we have found that few practices are in place. We suggest that observation within an event setting could be complemented by video recording.