사방댐 준설퇴적물 관리시스템 개발 및 관리기준 제안

송영석,윤중만,정인근 한국지반신소재학회 2018 한국지반신소재학회 논문집 Vol.17 No.4

사방댐 배면의 준설퇴적물에 대한 준설시기를 객관적, 정량적, 과학적으로 결정할 수 있도록 준설퇴적물 측정장치를 개발하고실제 현장에 시범 구축하였다. 사방댐 배면의 준설퇴적물 하중을 측정하기 위하여 준설퇴적물 관리시스템을 설계 및 개발하였다. 본 관리시스템은 Data Acquisition System (DAS), Solar System 및 준설퇴적물 하중변화 측정유닛으로 구성되어 있다. 또한 사방댐 배면의 준설퇴적물 하중, 수위 및 강우량을 실시간으로 측정하고 무선통신을 통하여 자료를 전송할 수 있다. 준설퇴적물 하중변화 측정유닛은 강우를 측정하기 위한 강우계, 사방댐 배면의 준설퇴적물 하중을 측정하기 위한 하중측정계, 사방댐 배면 수위를 측정하기 위한 수위계로 구성되어 있다. 사방댐 배면의 준설퇴적물 관리기준은 준설퇴적물의 하중을기준으로 제안하였다. 사방댐 배면에 퇴적될 수 있는 최대 준설퇴적물의 양을 산정하고, 최대 준설퇴적물의 50%, 70% 및90%가 쌓인 경우 관심, 주의 및 경보의 단계로 구분하여 관리기준을 마련하였다. 사방댐 배면의 준설퇴적물 관리시스템을활용하여 현재 준설퇴적물의 하중을 실시간으로 측정할 수 있으며, 이를 토대로 사방댐의 상태와 준설퇴적물의 준설시기를결정할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다. The dredged sediment management system was developed to have an objective, quantitative and scientific decision for the optimum removal time of dredged sediments behind debris barrier and was set up at the real site. The dredged sediment management system is designed and developed to directly measure the dredged sediments behind debris barrier in the field. This management system is composed of Data Acquisition System (DAS), Solar System and measurement units for measuring the weight of dredge sediments. The weight of dredged sediments, the water level and the rainfall are measured in real time using the monitoring sensors, and their data can be transmitted to the office through a wireless communication method. The monitoring sensors are composed of the rain gauge to measure rainfall, the load cell system to measure the weight of dredged sediments, and water level meter to measure the water level behind debris barrier. The management criteria of dredged sediments behind debris barrier was suggested by using the weight of dredged sediments. At first, the maximum weight of dredged sediments that could be deposited behind debris barrier was estimated. And then when 50%, 70% and 90% of the maximum dredged sediments weight were accumulated behind debris barrier, the management criteria were divided into phases of Outlooks, Watch and Warning, respectively. The weight of dredged sediments can be monitored by using the dredged sediment management system behind debris barrier in real time, and the condition of debris barrier and the removal time of dredged sediments can be decided based on monitoring results.

Behavior of sediment from the dam FERGOUG in road construction

Benaissa, Assia,Aloui, Zehour,Ghembaza, Moulay S.,Levacher, Daniel,Sebaibi, Yahia Techno-Press 2016 Advances in concrete construction Vol.4 No.1

In Algeria, wastes are often stored in such conditions that do not meet standards. Today and more than ever, we really must implement an environmentally management of wastes. Recovery of waste in Algeria has a considerable delay due to the absence of a policy favorable to the development of waste management. But many researchers have shown the possibility to reuse dredged sediments in road construction. Through Europe, recent research works have been already performed on dam sediments. Present study fits into the context of the valorization of dredged sediments from Fergoug dam. They are found in considerable quantities and mainly composed of mineral phases, organic matters and water. The reservoir sedimentation poses problems for the environment and water storage, dredging becomes necessary. Civil engineering is a common way of recycling for such materials. Dredged sediments have not the required mechanical characteristics recommended by the standards as GTR guide (LCPC-SETRA 1992). So as to obtain mechanical performance, dredged sediment can be treated with cement, lime, or replaced materials like quarry sand. An experimental study has been conducted to determine physical and mechanical characteristics of sediments dredged from dam. Then different mixtures of sediment and/or quarry sand with hydraulic binders are proposed for improving the grain size distribution of the mixes. Finally, according these mixtures, different formulations have been tested as alternative materials with dredged sediments.

Rapid Chemical Dewatering of in-situ Dredged Sediment

( Won-sik Shin ),( Jiyeon Choi ),( Sanghwa Oh ) 한국폐기물자원순환학회(구 한국폐기물학회) 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 춘계학술발표논문집 Vol.2015 No.-

A rapid chemical dewatering of the in-situ hydraulically dredged coastal sediment suspensions treated with cationic cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium-bromide (CTAB) was investigated. The dewatering process consisted of coating or adsorption of the surfactant on the surface of sediment to change its hydrophobicity and hexane spraying to enhance moisture removal from the sediment surface. The dredged wet sediment sample was wet-sieved with the #450 sieve (32 μm) and synthetic sea-water made of bay salt (3.5%). The sieved sediment was settled and then freeze-dried. Considering the field process, the freeze-dried sediment was pre-treated by adding 5 M H₂O₂ and 0.5% Tween 80 to remove organics in the sediment and then adding 0.5% alum and 0.001% PAC for flocculation. The mean water content of the pre-treated sediment was 55.8~59.1%. The CTAB dosage was in the range of 0.001 to 1.0 g per 10 g of the pre-treated sediment (0.01 to 0.10 (wt/wt) of CTAB/sediment ratio). After addition, the sediment and CTAB mixture was mixed thoroughly by using a vortex followed by freeze-dried. For hydrophobicity test, 0.5 g of the freeze-dried samples were taken into the two-layer solutions mixed with hexane (20 mL) and deionized water (20 mL). The higher amount of the samples were migrated into the hexane layer as the CTAB dosage increased to 0.1 g (Fig. 1), indicating that the surface charge of the sediment was neutralized by electrostatic attraction of negative charged sediment particles with cationic CTAB. The additional dosage of CTAB to 1.0 g per 10 g sediment led to transfer some of the sediment back into the water layer (Fig. 1). The optimum dosage of CTAB was 0.1 to 0.2 g per 10 g sediment. The sediments with the optimum dosage were transferred onto the filter paper and treated with spraying 0.25 to 1.0 mL of hexane per 1 g sediment, resulting in the significant decrease in the water content to 21% at 1.0 mL hexane/g sediment.

연안준설토 관리의 제도적 문제점 진단 및 개선방안 연구 -마산만 사례를 중심으로-

이용민 ( Yongmin Yi ),오현택 ( Hyuntaik Oh ),이대인 ( Daein Lee ),김귀영 ( Guiyoung Kim ),전경암 ( Kyeongam Jeon ),김혜진 ( Hyejin Kim ) 한국환경영향평가학회 2015 환경영향평가 Vol.24 No.5

In relation to the utilization and disposal of dredged sediment caused by coastal dredging project, we diagnosed the status of legal standard and system, and proposed the improvement plan. Dredging costal sediment distinguished the usage and the disposal by the Standard for the Beneficial Usage of Dredged Sediment. The site where disposal has been completed could be used as a site for developmental project. In case of the usage of dredged sediment for reclamation, we found that the adaptation of the Standard for Beneficial Usage of Dredged Sediment is appropriate for reclamation considering the characteristic of soil, the differences of variables, and the distinction of standard analysis methods. The current the Standard for Beneficial Usage of Dredged Sediment requires the improvement with the usage of dredging coastal sediment in the following. First, the Standard needs to include the standard of the discrimination for reclamation. Second, the current Standard is necessary to be divided by two levels, it needs to be mitigated considering human health risk. Third, it is necessary to consider both the marine environmental impact assessment and mitigation plan near coastal dredging area.

열분해에 의한 유류오염 준설 퇴적물의 중금속 및 유기오염물질 흡착특성변화

장윤미(Yoonmi Jang),최용주(Yongju Choi),김기범(Kibeum Kim) 대한환경공학회 2021 대한환경공학회지 Vol.43 No.7

목적: 본 연구는 유류로 오염된 준설 퇴적물의 열분해 정화 처리가 준설 퇴적물의 중금속, 유기오염물질 흡착특성에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 방법: 깨끗한 준설 퇴적물(Clean sediment)을 No. 6 Fuel Oil을 이용하여 총석유계탄화수소의 농도가 5,000- 50,000mg/kg가 되도록 인공오염시킨 후 전기로를 이용해 300℃와 500℃의 두 온도조건에서 30분간 열분해하였다. 깨끗한 준설 퇴적물(유류오염 전)과 열분해 준설 퇴적물을 이용하여 중금속(Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg, As, Cr)과 phenanthrene 및 bisphenol A 오염수를 대상으로 흡착 특성을 분석하였다. 결과 및 토의: 500℃에서 열분해된 준설 퇴적물의 경우 모든 초기 TPH 농도 조건에서 잔류 TPH 농도가 50 mg/kg미만으로 나타나 열분해 정화 효율이 우수한 것을 확인하였다. Cu, Zn, Pb 오염수의 경우 Clean sediment와 Pyrolyzed sediment를 흡착제로 사용하였을 때 두 경우 모두 98% 이상의 높은 용존 중금속 제거효율을 보였다. Ni, Cd 오염수의 경우 열분해로 인한 준설 퇴적물의 산소 포함 작용기량의 감소와 비표면적 감소로 인해 깨끗한 준설퇴적물에 비해 열분해 준설 퇴적물의 흡착능이 각각 31%, 24% 낮아졌다. Bisphenol A와 phenanthrene의 경우 열분해 과정에서 준설 퇴적물 내 유류와 유기물을 전구물질로 사용하여 생성되는 탄화물질이 유기오염물질에 대한 높은 흡착능을 갖고 있어 두 오염물질에 대한 흡착계수(Kd)와 유기탄소 분배계수(Koc) 값이 증가하였다. 결론: 유류오염 준설 퇴적물을 열분해 처리로 정화하여 생산한 정화 준설 퇴적물은 높은 유기오염물질 흡착능을 지니므로, 유기오염물질이 확산될 가능성이 높은 유기화학공업단지에서 토양 개량제 또는 복토재로 사용되거나, 유기오염물질로 오염된 퇴적물의 원위치 피복 매질 등에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다. Objectives : This study investigated the changes in adsorption characteristics of dredged sediment for heavy metals and organic pollutants after petroleum contamination followed by pyrolytic treatment. Methods : Pyrolytic treatment was conducted at two heating temperatures, 300℃ and 500℃, for 30 min using muffle furnace. Sediment spiked with No. 6 Fuel Oil at initial total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) concentrations of 5,000-50,000 mg/kg was used. Sorption experiments were conducted for heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn, Ni, Hg, As, Cr), phenanthrene and bisphenol A using clean sediment (sediment before the petroleum spiking) and pyrolyzed sediment. Results and Discussion : Pyrolytic treatment at 500℃ showed excellent TPH removal efficiency, resulting in the residual concentration of less than 50 mg/kg for all initial TPH contamination levels. High efficiencies (> 98%) were observed for the sorptive removal of Cu, Zn and Pb in the aqueous phase for both the two sediments. The removal efficiencies of Ni and Cd from the aqueous phase using pyrolyzed sediment were 31% and 24% lower than those using clean sediment, respectively, due to the reduced oxygen-containing functional group content and specific surface area after the pyrolytic treatment. The sediment-water distribution coefficient (Kd) and sediment organic carbon-water distribution coefficient (Koc) values of bisphenol A and phenanthrene in pyrolyzed sediment were considerably higher than in clean sediment due to the high organic compound sorption affinity exhibited by carbonaceous matter that was generated during the pyrolytic sediment treatment. Conclusions : The capability of pyrolytic treatment of dredged sediment to notably improve its organic compound sorption capacity may be exploited for beneficial use of the treatment product. The product may be applied as fill and backfill, soil amendment, or in-situ sediment capping materials in highly industrialized areas where mitigation measures for organic contaminant migration are necessary.

Rapid Chemical Dewatering of in-situ Dredged Sediment

Won-Sik Shin,Jiyeon Choi,Sanghwa Oh 한국폐기물자원순환학회 2015 한국폐기물자원순환학회 학술대회 Vol.2015 No.05

A rapid chemical dewatering of the in-situ hydraulically dredged coastal sediment suspensions treated with cationic cetyl-trimethyl-ammonium-bromide (CTAB) was investigated. The dewatering process consisted of coating or adsorption of the surfactant on the surface of sediment to change its hydrophobicity and hexane spraying to enhance moisture removal from the sediment surface. The dredged wet sediment sample was wet-sieved with the #450 sieve (32 μm) and synthetic sea-water made of bay salt (3.5%). The sieved sediment was settled and then freeze-dried. Considering the field process, the freeze-dried sediment was pre-treated by adding 5 M H2O2 and 0.5% Tween 80 to remove organics in the sediment and then adding 0.5% alum and 0.001% PAC for flocculation. The mean water content of the pre-treated sediment was 55.8~59.1%. The CTAB dosage was in the range of 0.001 to 1.0 g per 10 g of the pre-treated sediment (0.01 to 0.10 (wt/wt) of CTAB/sediment ratio). After addition, the sediment and CTAB mixture was mixed thoroughly by using a vortex followed by freeze-dried. For hydrophobicity test, 0.5 g of the freeze-dried samples were taken into the two-layer solutions mixed with hexane (20 mL) and deionized water (20 mL). The higher amount of the samples were migrated into the hexane layer as the CTAB dosage increased to 0.1 g (Fig. 1), indicating that the surface charge of the sediment was neutralized by electrostatic attraction of negative charged sediment particles with cationic CTAB. The additional dosage of CTAB to 1.0 g per 10 g sediment led to transfer some of the sediment back into the water layer (Fig. 1). The optimum dosage of CTAB was 0.1 to 0.2 g per 10 g sediment. The sediments with the optimum dosage were transferred onto the filter paper and treated with spraying 0.25 to 1.0 mL of hexane per 1 g sediment, resulting in the significant decrease in the water content to 21% at 1.0 mL hexane/g sediment.

해양오염퇴적물의 법적 성격과 그 관리법제 개선방안

김홍균 ( Hongkyun Kim ) 한국환경법학회 2022 環境法 硏究 Vol.44 No.1

오염지역의 환경개선, 항만 및 항로유지 그리고 새로운 해양공간 창출 등 차원에서 공공수역이나 해안 지역에서의 준설의 필요성이 상존하고 있다. 그 결과 효율적이고 체계적인 준설 및 정화등을 통한 오염퇴적물의 체계적이고 효율적인 관리·규제가 요구되고 있다. 이를 위해서는 준설물질을 상위 개념으로 하여 준설부터 정화, 처리·처분, 재활용 등 일련의 과정에 이르기까지의 기준·절차·방법 등을 구체적으로 마련하는 것이 중요하다. 최근 「해양폐기물 및 해양오염퇴적물관리법」이 제정됨으로써 해양오염퇴적물의 정화에 단초가 마련된 것은 다행이라고 할 수 있다. 동법이 폐기물과 달리 해양오염퇴적물에 독자적인 지위를 부여하는 방식을 도입하고 있는 점은 높이 평가할 만하다. 그러나 동법은 오염퇴적물의 관리·규제방안을 마련하기 위해 그 전제가 되는 준설물질, 수거(내지 준설) 및 정화, 처리, 처분 등에 대한 기본 개념조차 정립하고 있지 않으며, 그에 대한 구체적인 지침이나 기준, 관리 및 처리·처분방안 등을 마련하지 않고 있다. 그 결과 해양오염퇴적물이나 준설물질의 법적 지위는 불분명하고 이를 관리·규제하는 데 어려움이 예상된다. 그 결과 해양오염퇴적물의 수거(준설)에서부터 정화·처리·처분이나 재활용에 대한 체계적이고 일관된 관리가 이루어지지 않을 가능성이 있다. 이러한 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 관련 개념의 정립, 내용·방법 등을 구체화하는 개정 작업이 요구된다. 해양오염퇴적물 관리의 방점이 ‘정화’와 재활용에 있다는 점을 고려할 때 정화체계의 구축과 재활용 활성화 방안도 아울러 검토되어야 한다. The need to dredge in public waters and coastal areas have always existed in the perspective of improving the environment of polluted areas, maintaining ports and sea routes and creating new ocean space. This calls for effective and systematic management and regulation of contaminated sediment through efficient and methodical dredging and purification processes. For this to happen, it is important to prepare specific standards, procedures and methods of dredging, purifying, treating, disposing and recycling of dredged materials. It's fortunate that the Ocean Waste and Contaminated Sediments Management Act was enacted to set the stage for the purification of marine sediments. While the Act is highly appreciated for being introduced as an exclusive legislation for marine sediments separate from waste, it fails to establish some basic concepts on key words, such as, dredged materials, removal, purification, treatment and disposal, all of which are necessary to clarify in order to manage and establish rules on contaminated sediments. It also lacks specific guidelines, standards and measures on the management, handling and disposal of the sediments. This tells it's likely for marine sediments and dredged materials to have little legal standing, making it difficult to manage and regulate them. This also means the collection to purification, treatment and disposal of marine sediments probably isn't taking place in a systematic and consistent manner. Concepts need to be established and details on the content and methods must be set to solve the problem. Considering that the key to managing marine sediments lies in its purification and recycling processes, it is also necessary to review measures on building a purification system and boosting recycling.

해양오염퇴적물의 법적 지위와 관리방안

김홍균(Kim Hong-Kyun),윤익준(Yoon Ick-June) 한국법학원 2010 저스티스 Vol.- No.115

해양오염퇴적물의 정화복원을 위한 준설사업의 필요성이 꾸준히 제기되고 있으나, 현행 법률상 이를 뒷받침 할 수거ㆍ준설, 오염퇴적물 및 준설물질 처리ㆍ처분 등에 개념이 정립되어 있지 않으며, 수거ㆍ처리방법에 관한 구체적인 방법도 마련되어 있지 않다. 그 결과 수거된 오염퇴적물은 오염정도에 상관없이 폐기물로 처리되어 매립 또는 해양에 투기되었으나, 해양배출기준의 강화로 준설된 오염퇴적물의 처리 문제가 심화되고 있다. 따라서 오염퇴적물의 수거ㆍ준설 및 처리ㆍ처분을 위한 현행 법률의 개선이 필요하다. 이를 위해서 개별 법률에 산재된 오염퇴적물ㆍ준설물질에 관한 규정을 모두 개정하지 않고, 「해양환경관리법」체계 내에서 이를 통일적ㆍ체계적으로 규율함이 타당하다고 여겨진다. 구체적으로는 규율의 효율성과 개정의 편의성 등을 고려하여 「해양환경관리법」에 오염퇴적물ㆍ준설물질 등에 대하여 별도의 장을 두어 관리할 필요성이 있다. 그 구체적 방안을 몇 가지 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 「해양환경관리법」내에 오염퇴적물 또는 준설물질에 대하여 개념 정의를 할 필요가 있다. 둘째, 오염퇴적물의 수거ㆍ준설기준 및 방법을 마련해야 한다. 셋째, 준설물질의 처리ㆍ처분 방법을 규정함에 있어서는 재활용, 매립, 해저고립처분, 해양배출 등으로 단계별로 구분하여 체계적으로 이를 관리하여야 한다. 넷째, 해양환경개선 조치를 강화하여 해양환경개선조치의 발동 및 시점과 기준을 명확히 하고 해양환경개선조치의 내용을 구체화해야 한다. 다섯째, 동법은 해양환경관리업과 관련하여서 퇴적오염물질수거업만을 규정하고 있는데, 처리업을 신설ㆍ운영하는 것을 검토할 필요가 있다. A need to initiate a project to dredge contaminated sediments for the purification and restoration of ocean environment has been constantly increased. Nevertheless, under the current legal system, the concepts of removal, dredging, dredged material, treatment and disposal are not fully understood. Moreover, a specific method to remove and dispose the sediments is not prepared. As a result, the dredged materials have been dealt as waste disregarding their degree of contamination and have been disposed through landfilling or ocean dumping. However, nowadays, the treatment or disposal of contaminated sediments dredged from the ocean or river is difficult because the standards of ocean dumping become stricter. Therefore, there is a need to amend the existing law on removal, dredging, treatment and disposal of contaminated sediments. For this, it is appropriate to regulate with unity and system through the Ocean Environment Management Act rather than revising every single one of the scattered regulations in dredged materials related laws. To be more specific, for more efficiency and convenience, a separate chapter in the Ocean Environment Management Act should be prepared to manage dredged materials. Following are some alternatives to amend the Act. First, it is necessary to define the concept of contaminated sediments and dredged materials within the Act. Second, the means and standards of removal and dredging contaminated sediments should be contrived. Third, the means to remove and dispose dredged materials should be defined so that it is systematically managed through a chain of steps of recycling, landfilling, segregated disposal under the sea and ocean dumping. Fourth, the measure to improve ocean environment must be strengthened and specified by saying the time of triggering and standard to take a measure. Fifth, the Act which only regulates the business to deal with removal should include a business to handle treatment and disposal of contaminated sediments and dredged materials.

경안천 서하보 수저퇴적물 준설이 경기도 광주시 수질오염총량관리에 있어 추가적인 부하량 삭감수단으로써 타당한가?

유승훈 ( Seung Hoon Yu ),이범연 ( Bum Yeon Lee ),이강현 ( Kang Hyun Lee ),박신정 ( Shin Jung Park ),이창희 ( Chang Hee Lee ) 한국물환경학회 2011 한국물환경학회지 Vol.27 No.1

In order to assess the influences of bottom sediment on water quality, following measurement were made. (1) Estimations of pollutant loads from the bottom sediment based on mass balance concept, (2) measurements of pollutant concentrations in the sediment to assess the pollution level and influence potential, (3) in situ and laboratory measurements of Sediment Oxygen Demants (SOD) and pollutant load (sediment release) from bottom sediment. Analyses of inflow and outflow loadings using simple mass balance show that there are some variations found according to the pollutants. However, there is no consistent evidence that the sediment can be a source of pollutants. Pollutant concentrations in the sediment range 16~724.8 mg/kg (COD), 1.68~12.64 mg/kg (T-P), 5.6~76.8 mg/kg (T-N), 0.32~21.6 mg/kg (NH3-N), 0.092~0.544 mg/kg (NO2-N), 4.8~18.4 mg/kg (NO3-N), and 1.59~11.23 mg/kg (PO4-P). Measured SOD ranges 0.190~0.802 g·m-2·d-1 and measured release rate ranges -1618.42~10 mg/m2·d(COD), -12~16 mg/m2·d(T-P), -197.37~140 mg/m2·d(T-N), 0.4~74.32 mg/m2·d(NH3-N), -2.04~0.8 mg/m2·d (NO2-N), -70~40 mg/m2·d (NO3-N), and -26.11~28.55 mg/m2·d(PO4-P). All study results indicate that bottom sediments in the Seoha weir show only limited effects on the water quality. It implies that sediment dredging is not an effective option or management measure to reduce pollutant loading.

Reuse of dredged sediments as pavement materials by cement kiln dust and lime treatment

Yoobanpot, Naphol,Jamsawang, Pitthaya,Krairan, Krissakorn,Jongpradist, Pornkasem,Horpibulsuk, Suksun Techno-Press 2018 Geomechanics & engineering Vol.15 No.4

This paper presents an investigation on the properties of two types of cement kiln dust (CKD)-stabilized dredged sediments, silt and clay with a comparison to hydrated lime stabilization. Unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and California bearing ratio (CBR) tests were conducted to examine the optimal stabilizer content and classify the type of highway material. A strength development model of treated dredged sediments was performed. The influences of various stabilizer types and sediment types on UCS were interpreted with the aid of microstructural observations, including X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy analysis. The results of the tests revealed that 6% of lime by dry weight can be suggested as optimal content for the improvement of clay and silt as selected materials. For CKD-stabilized sediment as soil cement subbase material, the use of 8% CKD was suggested as optimal content for clay, whereas 6% CKD was recommended for silt; the overall CBR value agreed with the UCS test. The reaction products calcium silicate hydrate and ettringite are the controlling mechanisms for the mechanical performance of CKD-stabilized sediments, whereas calcium aluminate hydrate is the control for lime-stabilized sediments. These results will contribute to the use of CKD as a sustainable and novel stabilizer for lime in highway material applications.