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경안천 유역 수질 및 이행평가 자료를 통한 임의적 오염총량관리제도 시행의 성과 분석
이범연 ( Lee Bum-Yeon ),이창희 ( Lee Chang-hee ) 한국물환경학회(구 한국수질보전학회) 2021 한국물환경학회지 Vol.37 No.4
This study presents the achievements and limitations of the voluntary-based Total Maximum Daily Load (TMDL) through statistical analysis of water quality monitoring data and performance assessments of TMDL plans implemented in the Gyeongan watershed. The results clearly showed that responsible local governments complied the allocated TMDL and the designated water quality goals were successfully achieved in the required period. This was possible because the Ministry of Environment provided innovative incentives, such as, relaxations of the existing tight land-use regulations and full-scale financial aids for constructing and operating public treatment facilities to draw local government voluntary participation. However, a couple of problems which decreased the effectiveness and efficiency of the voluntary TMDL were identified. The different TMDL implementation schedules between upstream (Yongin) and downstream (Gwangju) governments caused delay in water quality improvement and exaggerated TMDL allocation to the local development which made excessive investment in the treatment facilities. Although it is not directly related to the voluntary scheme, technical methods for establishing and assessing the water quality goals should be improved so that the effects of flow conditions on water quality are properly assessed. We expect that results of this case study contribute to developing a more effective voluntary-based scheme for the implementation of the so-called ‘tributary TMDL’ in the future.
이범연(Lee, Bum-Yeon),이종화(Lee, Jong-Hwa) 한국체육과학회 2021 한국체육과학회지 Vol.30 No.1
The purpose of this study is to understand the control strategic of the turn in snowboard according to expertise. Six experts and ten novices participated in this experiment. The task was to ride a snowboard, turn four cones, and down the slope. Four camcorders were used for recording. DLT method was used to get the 3D data. The data was analyzed with Kwon3D motion analysis system. Statistics was used to carry out the two-group discriminant analysis, and the significance level set at p<.05. results of this study were as follows: First, the novices showed an increasing rate of time performing as a characteristics of the task while experts showed a relatively constant rate performance for the phase of movement performance patterns. Second, the experts showed smaller angle chang of the shoulder line than novices in the phase 1. This indicates that the novice"s shoulder line movement is actively involved in the pattern of the degree of freedom released. On the other hand, in the phase 2, it can be seen that the experts is more involved in the task performance than the novices, as the degree of freedom in which angle chang of the knee line is larger than the novices. Third, the result of the coordination of the form of the alignment line for experts showed a strong coupled form of them and novices showed a released form. All subjects showed an anti-phase movement form. In conclusion, to control of snowboard movement, in phase two; the experts used a control strategy of lower body through the form of coupled coordination, which is significant then the involved within the novices. But, the novices used a control strategy to make turns with upper body movement in the phase 1 and showed a pattern of released coordination in all phases.