Simulation and Experiments on Cutting Forces and Cutting Temperature in High Speed Milling of 300M Steel under CMQL and Dry Conditions

Hui-Ping Zhang,Qing-Yu Zhang,Yi Ren,Tony Shay,Guo-Liang Liu 한국정밀공학회 2018 International Journal of Precision Engineering and Vol.19 No.8

The effects of cryogenic minimum quantity lubrication (CMQL) on cutting forces and cutting temperature are analyzed in high speed milling of 300M steel. The influences of cutting parameters on cutting forces and cutting temperature are predicted by analogue simulation. Based on single-factor comparative test, the variation laws of cutting forces F and cutting temperature T with cutting parameters are studied in high speed milling of 300M steel under dry and CMQL conditions. Under the condition of CMQL, the influence of cutting parameters (cutting speed v, feed per tooth fz, cutting depth ap and cutting width ae) on cutting forces and the cutting temperature are analyzed by orthogonal test, and the prediction models of cutting forces and cutting temperature are established. The results show that CMQL condition can effectively reduce cutting forces and cutting temperature in the cutting process. Under the condition of CMQL, the cutting depth on the cutting forces is most significant, and the cutting speed has the greatest influence on the cutting temperature. The prediction model of cutting forces and cutting temperature is established, which can be a valuable reference for actual machining.

Cutting characteristics of twist drill having cutting edges for drilling and reaming

Masato Okada,Naoki Asakawa,Yusuke Fujita,Makoto Nikawa 대한기계학회 2014 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.28 No.5

In this study, the cutting characteristics of a drill reamer, which has conventional twist drill cutting edges appended for reaming, wereinvestigated. A drill reamer has three types of cutting edges, whose roles are drilling, semi-finishing, and finishing. The cutting characteristicsof a conventional twist drill were compared to those of the drill reamer. The cutting characteristics were evaluated using the thrustforce, cutting torque, surface roughness, wear behavior of the cutting edges, and cutting edge temperature. The study used a workpiecemade of carbon steel. The temperature of the cutting edge for reaming reached a maximum value of approximately 420°C, even thoughthe depth of the cut was very small. The inner surface roughness with the drill reamer was superior to that with the conventional drill,even under dry and low-speed cutting conditions. The abrasive wear observed on the margin face of the cutting edge used for reaming.

엔드밀 가공에서의 공구 변형에 대한 유한요소해석

정성찬(Jung Sung Chan),김국원(Kim Kug Weon) 한국산학기술학회 2005 한국산학기술학회논문지 Vol.6 No.1

본 연구에서는 절삭 가공시 공구가 받는 절삭력과 칩-공구 사이에서 발생하는 절삭온도에 의한 공구의 변형을 예측 하였다. 3D CAD를 이용하여 공구를 모델링 하였으며 절삭력과 절삭온도를 하중조건으로 부여하여 유한요소해석을 수행하였다. 하중조건으로 사용한 절삭력과 절삭온도는 절삭이론을 이용한 절삭력 모델을 시용하여 예측하였으며 실험을 통해 모델의 타당성을 검증하였다. 그러므로 본 연구는 절삭조건과 재료 물성치 그리고 공구 형상만을 알면 이에 따른 절삭력 성분 및 절삭온도 동을 얻을 수 있고, 이를 이용하여 절삭 가공시 발생하는 공구의 변형을 예측할 수 있다. This study is predicted tool deformation by cutting forces and chip-tool interface temperature in machining process. Modeling of tool is made using 3D CAD software, finite element method is performed by cutting forces and temperature. Cutting forces and temperature used load conditions are predicted using the cutting force model based on machining theory. Experimental milling tests have been conducted to verify the cutting force model. Finally, this study is predicted cutting force components and temperature using cutting conditions, material property, tool geometry without experiment and tool deformation is predicted by cutting forces and temperature in machining process.

Analysis of Cutting Properties with Reference to Amount of Coolant used in an Environment-Conscious Turning Process

Yang, Seung-Han,Lee, Young-Moon,Kim, Young-Suk The Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers 2004 JOURNAL OF MECHANICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY Vol.18 No.12

In the recent years, environmentally conscious design and manufacturing technologies have attracted considerable attention. The coolants, lubricants, solvents, metallic chips and discarded tools from manufacturing operations will harm our environment and the earth's ecosystem. In the present work, the Tukey method of multiple comparisons is used to select the minimum level of coolant required in a turning process. The amount of coolant is varied in 270 designed experiments and the parameters cutting temperature, surface roughness, and specific cutting energy are carefully evaluated. The effects of coolant mix ratio as well as the amount of coolant on the turning process are studied in the present work. The cutting temperature and surface roughness for different quantity of coolant are investigated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) - test and a multiple comparison method. ANOVA-test results signify that the average tool temperature and surface roughness depend on the amount of coolant. Based on Tukey's Honestly Significant Difference (HSD) method, one of the multiple comparison methods, the minimum level of coolant is 1.0 L/min with 2% mix ratio in the aspect of controlling tool temperature. F-test concludes that the amount of coolant used does not have any significant effect on specific cutting energy. Finally, Tukey method ascertains that 0.5 L/min with 6% mix ratio is the minimum level of coolant required in turning process without any serious degradation of the surface finish. Considering all aspects of cutting, the minimum coolant required is 1.0 L/min with 6% mix ratio. It is merely half the coolant currently used i.e. 2.0 L/min with 10% mix ratio. Minimal use of coolant not only economically desirable for reducing manufacturing cost but also it imparts fewer hazards to human health. Also, sparing use of coolant will eventually transform the turning process into a more environment-conscious manufacturing process.

포장방법과 저장온도가 신선편이 양파의 품질 및 미생물 생장에 미치는 영향

배영석,최현진,이정수,박미희,최지원,김지강 한국식품저장유통학회 2016 한국식품저장유통학회지 Vol.23 No.5

Inappropriate storage of fresh-cut onions may result in losses of good quality. To understand storage conditions for shelf-life and quality of fresh-cut onions, The effect of packing type and storage temperature on the quality of fresh-cut onions was evaluated. Onions stored at 0℃ for 2 months were peeled off after removing root and shoot parts. Each three peeled onions were packed in a polyethylene film (PE, 50 μm) or in a polyethylene/polypropylene film (PE/PP, 100 μm) with vacuum treatment (70 cmHg) and stored at different temperatures (4, and 10℃) for 21 days. The following analyses were examined to evaluate the quality of fresh-cut onions: microbial population, surface color, titratable acidity and pH, respiration rate, and sensory quality. Fresh-cut onions stored at 4℃ showed less aerobic and coliform bacterial population than those stored at 10℃ during observation periods. Fungal populations of fresh-cut onions packed in PE film stored at 10℃ increased significantly after 13 days. E. coli was not detected in all treatments during whole storage periods. Surface colors of fresh-cut onions were not affected by packing type and storage temperature, however, color difference (ΔE) of fresh-cut onions in PE/PP film stored at 10℃ was significantly higher than those of other treatments. Titratable acidity of fresh-cut onions was not affected by packing type and storage temperature. However, pH of fresh-cut onions packed in PE film stored at 10℃ increased gradually over the whole storage period. Fresh-cut onions packed in PE film showed higher CO2 and less O2 concentrations at 10℃ than those at 4℃. The sensory quality of fresh-cut onions was significantly affected by packing type and storage temperature after 13 days. Particularly, vacuum treatment in PE/PP film showed better sensory quality than that of PE film package at the same storage temperature. It was concluded that vacuum treatment and storage at 4℃ could be effective to prolong the quality of fresh-cut onions up to 21 days.

An experimental study on the development and verification of NCC(new concrete cutting) system

박종협,한종욱 국제구조공학회 2018 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.65 No.2

This paper introduces the development process of NCC(New Concrete Cutting) system and analyzes first verification test. Based on the first verification test results, some problems of NCC system have been newly modified. We carry out the second verification test. We tried to verify cutting performance and dust control efficiency of NCC system through the cutting test of concrete bridge piers. In particular, this verification test strives to solve the problem of concrete dust, which is the biggest problem of dry cutting method. The remaining dust problems in cutting section tried to solve through this verification test. This verification test of the NCC system shows that the dust problem of dry cutting method is closely controlled and solved. In conclusion, the proposed NCC method is superior to the dry cutting method in all aspects, including cutting performance, dust vacuum efficiency and cooling effect. The proposed NCC system is believed to be able to provide eco-friendly cutting technology to various industries, such as the removal of the SOC structures and the dismantling of nuclear plants, which have recently become a hot issue in the field of concrete cutting.

Study on temperature characteristics of gasoline engine particulate filters during fuel cut-off

Nan Li,Zheng Nan,Qiushi Zhang,Haitao Liu,Lun Hua,Caihong Zhang 한국화학공학회 2022 Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol.39 No.12

Based on the bench test of a 1.5 L gasoline engine equipped with a catalytic gasoline engine particulate filter(CGPF), the fuel cut-off regeneration characteristics of the next generation with small pore size GPF and the commonGPF under different soot loading and temperatures were studied. The results showed that after the fuel was cutoffduring the regeneration process, the center temperature of the sample rose exponentially, and as the regenerationtime extended, the temperature gradually became flat. The temperature distribution inside the carrier was such that theinlet temperature was low at the axial position, and the temperature near the outlet was high, the radial position showeda trend of high temperature in the middle and low temperature at the edge, and the temperature difference betweenthe edge and the center of the carrier was large. The maximum temperature inside the GPF increased with the increasein soot loading, and the maximum temperature gradient also increased. When the soot loading reached 6 g/L and thefuel cut-off regeneration was conducted at 650 oC, the maximum and maximum temperature gradient inside the GPFexceeded the tolerance limit of the GPF, and the inside of the carrier was damaged to varying degrees. Therefore, theseparameters should be controlled during regeneration.

Analyze the various effects of cutting tools in the machining of titanium alloy

D. Ananda Kumar,A. Murugarajan,E. Mohan 한양대학교 청정에너지연구소 2023 Journal of Ceramic Processing Research Vol.24 No.3

Titanium alloy has dominated in mechanical-based industries due to its superior tensile strength, toughness, and corrosionresistance. This research involves the development of a wear model integrated with the FEM model. A numerical study andexperimental work were conducted to variant tool nose radius, cutting speed, and feed rate in the machining of titanium alloy. The machining operation was properly simulated using Deform2D commercial-based software to predict the cutting force, toolwear, and cutting zone temperature. In addition, the same output response was assessed in the experimental technique byemploying all geared lathes. In both the experiment and simulation conditions, the least cutting force was produced at thelowest feed rate and the smallest nose radius. It was noticed from the data that the cutting zone temperature at the cuttingzone region was raised with an increase in the tool nose radius. Utmost tool wear was recorded at the minimal tool nose radiusand minimum feed rate. Cutting speed plays a vital function in the evaluation of tool wear and nose radius in the predictionand assessment of cutting tool force and tool interface temperature. Tool wear study and surface morphology were fullyexplored with the assistance of SEM images.

엔드밀 가공시 진동, 표면거칠기, 절삭온도에 미치는 최적가공조건에 관한 연구

홍도관(Hong, Do-Kwan),김동영(Kim, Dong-Young),안찬우(Ahn, Chan-Woo) 한국소음진동공학회 2004 한국소음진동공학회 논문집 Vol.14 No.12

End-milling has been used widely in industrial system because it is effective to a material manufacturing with various shapes. Recently the end-milling processing is needed the high-precise technique with good surface roughness and rapid time in precision machine part and electronic part. The optimum mechanical vibration of main spindle, surface roughness and cutting temperature have an effect on end-milling condition such as, cutting direction, revolution of spindle, feed rate and depth of cut, etc. Therefore, this study carried to decide the working condition for optimum mechanical vibration of main spindle, surface roughness and cutting temperature using design of experiments, ANOVA and characteristic function. From the results of experimentation, mechanical vibration has an effect on revolution of spindle, radial depth of cut, and axial depth of cut. The surface roughness has an effect on cutting direction, revolution of spindle and depth of cut. And then the optimum condition used design of experiments is upward cutting In cutting direction, 600 rpm in revolution of spindle, 240 mm/min in feed rate, 2 mm in axial depth of cut and 0.25 mm in radial depth of cut. By design of experiments and characteristic function, it is effectively represented shape characteristics of mechanical vibration, surface roughness and cutting temperature in end-milling.

무늬둥굴레 연중생산을 위한 생장 발육에 미치는 온도의 영향

이용하,윤나영,이승연,김기선 한국화훼산업육성협회 2013 화훼연구 Vol.21 No.1

To find optimum temperature on growth after dormancy release of variegated Solomon’s seal for forcing and retardation culture, different temperatures (forcing: 15/5, 20/10, 25/15, and 30/20οC, day length 12/12 h) (retardation: 28/18, 32/22, 36/26, and 40/30οC, day length 12/12 h) were treated on dormancy broken rhizomes. As the temperature for forcing culture rose, days to sprouting (DTS), days to flowering (DTF) and days to flower abscission (DTFA) were significantly decreased in the former temperature treatments. However, percent sprouting and flowering, plant height and leaf numbers were not affected by temperatures. Stem length under 15/5οC was relatively shorter than the other treatments. This result demonstrated that when bud sprouted, the temperature above 20/10οC should be recommended. As the temperature for retardation culture increased, DTFA, plant height and leaf numbers were decreased in latter temperature treatments. However, DTS, DTF, percent sprouting and flowering were not affected by temperatures. Stem length under 40/30οC was relatively shorter than the other treatments. Thus, below 36/26οC should be maintained for normal dormancy release and growth of variegated Solomon’s seal in summer season. 휴면이 타파된 무늬둥굴레의 촉성재배와 억제재배시 생육 적정 온도 범위를 알아보았다. 촉성재배를 염두한 낮과 밤의 온도가 15/5, 20/10, 25/15, 30/20oC의 처리, 억제재배를 염두한 28/ 18, 32/22, 36/26, 40/30oC 처리에서 무늬둥굴레를 생육시켰다. 촉성재배을 위한 생육온도 실험에서 온도가 올라갈수록 맹아소요 일수, 개화소요일수, 낙화소요일수가 줄어들었다. 그러나 맹아율, 개화율, 초장, 엽수에서는 온도에 따른 유의적인 차이를 보이지 않았다. 다만 초장이 15/5oC 처리에서 상대적으로 작았다. 이 실험의 결과로 촉성재배시 20/10oC 이상의 온도를 유지하는 것 이 권장할 수 있다. 억제재배를 위한 생육온도 실험에서는 재배 온도가 높아질수록 낙화소요일수, 초장, 엽수에서 감소하였다. 그 러나 맹아소요일수, 개화소요일수, 맹아율, 개화율에서는 온도간 유의적 차이가 없었다. 초장이 40/30oC 처리에서 상대적으로 줄 어드는 현상이 나타났다. 그러므로 무늬둥굴레의 억제재배시 36/ 26oC 이하의 온도로 재배할 것을 권할 수 있다.