황산처리를 이용한 개싸리 종자의 물리적 휴면 타파

이용하,최한,이수광,이정호,이기철 한국자원식물학회 2016 한국자원식물학회지 Vol.29 No.1

Lespedeza species are mainly used for wildlife food and cover and for erosion control. The germination of these species can be enhanced after a fire occurrence in forest, which is known as fire-activated seeds to germinate. While the heat treatment could break seed dormancy of Lespedeza, its germination rate was quite low. We investigated that chemical scarification could promote germination of L. tomentosa. Seeds were soaked in 100% sulfuric acid (H2SO4) for 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, and 384 min, and then washed in distilled water for 24 h. Very few seeds were germinated in control (H2SO4 for 0 min). More than 90% of seeds were germinated in H2SO4 for 24, 48, and 92 min. However, some damage was observed in roots and cotyledons of seedling dipped in H2SO4 for a long time. To search the optimal soaking time in H2SO4 without defects, seeds scarified in H2SO4 for 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, and 300 min were sown the commercial soil medium. Seeds treated with H2SO4 for 90 min and 150 min emerged by about 92% and 84%, respectively. Therefore, H2SO4 treatment could break the seed dormancy of Lespedeza species, and especially in case of L. tomentosa the optimal treatment time in sulfuric acid was one to two hours. Germination of L. tomentosa began promptly following the scarification and was completed within about one month, indicating that seeds has no physiological dormancy, just has physical dormancy. Key words - Fabaceae, Germination, Germination uniformity, Scarification, Seedling emergence 싸리속(Lespedeza)식물은 가축사료, 제방 녹화용 등으로 활용되는 자원식물이다. 이들 종자는 산지의 화재 이후에 발아, 출현하는 fire species로 알려져 있다. 선행연구에서 이런 점을 착안하여 인위적으로 열을 가했을 때 발아가 되었으나 발아율이 낮고 처리가 용이하지 않았다. 따라서 본 연구는 개싸리 종자를 황산처리하여 화학적으로 종피처리하여 발아율을 높이기 위해 수행되었다. 개싸리 종자를 98% 황산에 0, 1, 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, 192, 384분 동안 침지시키고 흐르는 물에 24시간 동안씻었다. 황산처리를 하지 않은 대조구의 경우 거의 발아가 되지않았지만, 황산처리 기간이 길어질수록 개싸리의 발아율이 증가하였다. 황산 24, 48, 92분 처리에서 90% 이상 발아가 되었다. 그러나 장기간 황산처리시 발아된 유근에 황산피해가 관찰되었다. 기외 실험에서 황산처리 후 건전묘 출현을 알아보기 위해 황산 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180, 300분을 처리한 원예상토가충진된 트레이에 파종하고 비닐온실에서 발아율을 측정하였다. 황산 90분, 150분 처리에서 발아율은 각각 92%, 84%였으나 이보다 더 긴 기간 동안 처리하였을 때 출현율이 떨어졌다. 따라서개싸리의 발아를 위한 황산 최적시간은 1~2시간으로 판단된다. 개싸리는 종피처리 이후 바로 발아가 시작되어 대부분 1달 이내에 발아가 완료되었으며, 이는 개싸리 종자는 생리적 휴면은 없는 물리적 휴면을 가지고 있음을 알 수 있다.

IFC 공간 경계 및 형상 정보를 활용한 면적 기반의 건물 에너지성능 인자 추출 알고리즘 개발

이용하,박창영,김경수,장향인 한국건축친환경설비학회 2022 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.16 No.6

In the energy performance evaluation of a building, main factor about the envelope is required. Manual work is required in the process of calculating envelope identification, physical property information, and dimensional information, and human error causes a decrease in work productivity during this process. The goal of this study is to enable accurate and rapid energy performance evaluation by extracting building energy performance evaluation factors based on IFC data. First, it establishes the information system required for the identification, object, attribute, geometry, and physical value information extraction of the envelope, which is the main factor in building energy performance evaluation. Second, each information is extracted based on the established information system, and the envelope is identified based on the attribute and boundary information according to the IFC data type. Finally, the floor area of the room, the height, length, material, etc. of the wall is calculated by using the identified envelope and boundary information. It is thought that will be possible to support the preparation of evaluation data such as the planar figure of the building envelope based on the extraction of various information about the envelope required for the energy performance evaluation of a building.

개방형 BIM기반 장애물 없는 생활환경 인증의 통과 유효폭 산출을 위한 정보체계 제안

이용하,김창민,박창영,장향인 한국건축친환경설비학회 2021 한국건축친환경설비학회 논문집 Vol.15 No.2

In the pedestrian environment such as main entrance, ramp, stair etc., the clear width of passage is one of the important factors. It is required by various laws and certifications at domestic and overseas and is considered as a major influencing factor in evacuation plan, traffic management. Currently, in Korea, review of this item is required in the ‘Act on Convenience Facilities for the Disabled’ and ‘Barrier Free Certification’. As the evaluation items include not only general facilities but also facilities for the disabled, identification measures for each target are required for precise evaluation. Therefore, this study classified facilities for the disabled by using the object/geometry/attribute information of the BIM model, and intends to present the information system of the attribute information and the geometry information accordingly. In order to prepare the basis for the openBIM-based clear width review automation, the required information was extracted through the analysis of the clear width items. Based on the extracted items, the research scope was set at the level of information that can be expressed within BIM. In addition, input and output methods of IFC and commercial BIM authoring tools and information exchange processes are proposed. Based on the derived information, an IFC-based required information mapping system was derived, and the information system of the required information for the BIM-based clear width review was shown.

이중 층 파워 메탈구조의 상호 인덕터를 이용한 동시 스위칭 잡음 최소화 기법

이용하,강성묵,문규,Lee, Yong-Ha,Kang, Sung-Mook,Moon, Gyu 대한전자공학회 2002 電子工學會論文誌-SD (Semiconductor and devices) Vol.39 No.6

동시 스위칭 잡음(SSN: Simultaneous Switching Noise)을 줄이기 위한 새로운 기법을 제안한다. 새롭게 제안하는 구조는 이중 층 파워 라인(DLPL: Dual Layer Power Line) 구조를 이용하여 실리콘 상에 상호 인덕터(mutual inductor)를 구현하여 SSN을 줄일 수 있다. 여기서 제안하는 DLPL은 상호 인덕터가 서로 가깝게 위치하여 커플링(coupling)을 높일 수 있으며 순간적인 많은 전류가 서로 반대 방향으로 동시에 흐르게 하여 두 파워 라인 사이에 상호 인덕턴스를 만들어 내며, 이러한 상호 인덕터는 스위칭 잡음을 줄이는 역할을 한다 SPICE 시뮬레이션을 통해 상호 인덕터의 커플링 계수(coupling coefficient)가 0.8 이상일 경우 이전에 보고된 해결 방안들과 비교할 때 63%까지 스위칭 잡음을 더욱 감소 시킬 수 있었다. 또한 이 DLPL 기법은 PCB 회로설계에」=적용시킬 수 있는 이점을 가지고 있다. A novel technique for minimization of simultaneous switching noise is Presented. Dual Layer Power Line (DLPL) structure i:; newly proposed for a possible silicon realization of a mutual inductor, with which an instant large current in the power line is half-divided flowing through two different, but closely coupled, layers in opposite directions. This mutual inductance between two power layers enables us to significantly reduce the switching noise. SPICE simulations show that with a mutual coupling coefficient higher than 0.8, the switching noise reduces by 63% compared to the previously reported solutions. This DLPL technique can also be applied to PCB artworks.

석탄재 저회와 코이어로 조성된 혼합 배지의 원예상토로서의 이화학적 특성

이용하,강성환,최종명,김종윤 한국원예학회 2018 원예과학기술지 Vol.36 No.2

This study evaluated the use of bottom ash as a root medium component when mixed with coir dust in different ratios. Each of two kinds of bottom ash (coarse bottom ash, CBA, with particle size ≥ 5 mm; and fine bottom ash, FBA, with particle size ≥ 5 mm) were mixed with coir dust in the ratios 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, and 0:10 (coir dust:bottom ash, v/v). We investigated the physical properties of mixed substrates, i.e., particle size distribution, container capacity, air space, total porosity, bulk density, and the moisture retention curve; and chemical properties, i.e., pH, electrical conductivity, and nutrient content. Large particles (1.4-5.6 mm in diameter) increased as the ratio of CBA increased, while small particles (< 710 μm in diameter) increased as the ratio of coir dust increased. As the ratio of FBA increased, small particles (< 106 μm) increased. As CBA increased, the container capacity decreased but air spaces increased, while increasing FBA reduced the air spaces in the substrate mix. In 100% FBA medium, the maximum container capacity was low (32.5%), and had very low easily available water (below 2%); this suggests that, on its own, FBA has poor potential for use as a horticultural medium. In substrate mixes of acidic coir dust (pH 4.99) and CBA, increasing the proportion of bottom ash gradually increased the pH, which is similar to perlite. Electrical conductivity of the substrate increased as the ratio of FBA in the substrate mix increased, largely caused by the high Ca and Na content of FBA. When the proportion of FBA was increased in the substrate mix by more than 30%, Cd contents were higher than the acceptable level for use in horticulture. Other heavy metals (As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn) were detected at low concentrations in all substrate mixes, but within the acceptable range for use in horticultural media. Based on these results, bottom ash may be used as a component of horticultural media, but to maintain physical and chemical properties within acceptable limits it is not recommended to exceed 20% of the mixture. 본 연구는 석탄재와 코이어(coir dust)의 혼합비율을 달리하여 상토로서의 활용 가능성 여부를 알아보고자 하였다. 두 가지 종류의 석탄재[굵은 입자(coarse bottom ash, CBA, 입경 ≥ 5mm), 고운 입자(fine bottom ash, FBA, 입경 < 5mm)]를 대상으로 하여 코이어와 각각 10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3, 6:4, 5:5, 0:10(코이어:저회, v/v)의 비율로 혼합하여 상토를 준비하였다. 혼합상토의 물리성(입도분포, 용기용수량, 기상률, 총공극률, 용적밀도, 수분보유곡선)과 화학성(pH, EC, 무기성분 및 중금속 함량)을 분석하였다. 입도분포는 CBA 첨가 비율이 증가할수록 1.4-5.6mm 범위의 입도비율이 증가하였고, 710μm 미만 범위의 입도비율은 코이어 함량이 증가함에 따라 증가하였다. 그러나 FBA를 첨가했을 때에는 CBA를 혼합한 상토의 결과와 달리 FBA의 첨가비율이 증가할수록 106μm 미만 범위의 입도비율이 높아졌다. CBA 혼합상토에서 CBA의 비율이 높아질수록 용기용수량은 감소하고 기상률은 높아졌으나, CBA 혼합상토와는 반대로 FBA 혼합상토에서는 FBA의 첨가 비율이 증가할수록 기상률이 낮아지는 경향을 보였다. FBA 100%의 경우에는 최대 수분함량이 약 32.5%로 매우 낮게 나타났으며, 식물이 쉽게 이용할 수 있는 가용수분은 2% 미만으로 매우 적게 나타났다. 산성을 띠는 코이어(pH 4.99)와 혼합 시 CBA의 첨가비율이 높을수록 pH가 조금씩 증가하는 경향을 보였으며, 펄라이트 대용으로의 가능성을 확인할 수 있었다. EC의 경우 FBA 혼합상토는 FBA의 첨가비율이 증가함에 따라 EC가 증가하는 경향을 보였으며 이는 무기분석 결과 FBA의 높은 Ca와 Na 함량 때문인 것으로 판단되었다. FBA를 30% 이상의 비율로 혼합했을 때에는 카드뮴이 기준치 이상으로 검출되었다. 다른 중금속 성분(As, Pb, Cr,Cu, Ni, Zn)은 혼합상토의 경우 미량 검출되기는 하였으나 모든 혼합상토에서 상토 품질관리 기준치보다 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 결론적으로 저회의 혼합상토는 물리성 및 화학성을 감안할 때 저회의 혼합비율을 20% 이하로 하였을 때 화훼용 상토로의 활용이 가능할 것으로 판단된다.

사과線蟲에 關한 硏究 : 사과線蟲의 根部被害에 關하여

李容夏 慶北大學校 1966 論文集 Vol.10 No.-

The author investigated on the root-damage by apple wooly aphid that damage to the apple tree root seriously at apple production area from June to October and on the tree growth influenced by damage of this insect on the American summer beauty trees in 1965. The results can be summarized as follows; 1. American summer beauty were damaged by apple wooly aphid average 40 percent at the heart land of apple production of Kyungpook province, Chung Nam, Pook and Chun Nam, Pook in Korea. 2. Investigation of tree growth influenced by damage of apple wooly aphid on the 40 American summer beauty trees with age of 30 years old were conducted. Differences were found at the non-damaged plots and seriously damaged plots in the diameter of trunk and also diameter and length of shoot were appeared differently at that of plots.

우리 나라 果樹栽培의 實態에 關한 硏究 : 사과 栽培의 經濟的 實態에 關하여 The studies on the Economic Problems in the Apple orchard Management

李容夏,崔永然 慶北大學校 1965 論文集 Vol.9 No.-

The authors investigated on the economic relation with apple management in Taegu city where is the heart-land of apple cultivation and near several Kun from 1961 to 1964. The results of investigation can be summarized as follows; 1. The vigorous apple trees planted orchards have received 52382 Won of average total income for one year management per 10 a. Agricultural expenditures, 22590 Won were expended. The costs of fertilizer, agricultural chemicals and wages were expended in the same proportion. The net income of orchard manager was 29541 Won out of average total income. 2. When compare with the well managed orchards in Chung-Nam that have relatively many orchard than the other provinces except Taegu city, Kyung-Pook. In net income, Kyung-Pook obtained more income than Chung-Nam. The cost of fertilizer in agricultural expenditures were far much in Chung-Nam while agricultural chemicals, wages and the others were much in Kyung-Pook.

生長調節制에 依한 主要果樹類 花粉의 發芽에 關한 硏究

李容夏,鄭三澤 慶北大學校 1972 論文集 Vol.16 No.-

The authors studied on the pollen germination of apple, pear, and peach according to the dates passed after collection with treatment of G.A., Boric acid, and 12% sugar solution. The results obtained are as follows; 1) Germination percentage of apple was the highest by average 67.6% in the Boric acid plot while lower in the G.A. plot by 2% than control plot. Germination peak was 2 or 3 days after inoculation. Elongation of pollen tube was the shortest time in the Boric acid plot by only one hour for 50 microns in tube length. The more time was required as the dates were passed. 2) Germination percentage of pear was shown higher in the Boric acid plot by average 56.6% than any other plots. Time required for pollen tube elongation was the same tendency as pollen germination. 3) Germination percentage of peach pollen was shown the highest in the G.A. plot by 68.7% rather than other plots on the contrary to the apple and pear varieties. Boric acid and control plots were appeared nearly the same percentage by 47.0% and 45.8% respectively. Particulary, all the pollens were not germinated after two days after storage but elongation of the tube was quicker in the Boric acid plot than other plots. From these results, G.A. has inhibitory action on the pollen germination.

성인 고환에 발생한 간질세포종양 1례

이용하,정병동,신정현,김도현,홍태의 국군의무사령부 1977 대한군진의학학술지 Vol.8 No.2

고령화 사회와 국민건강 인구고령화와 후기 산업사회에 대응한 노후소득보장 정책의 방향

이용하 텔코경영연구원 2010 International Trade Business Institute Review Vol.16 No.2

우리나라는 현재 세계화, 정보화(탈산업화), 인구고령화 등으로 특징지워지는 후기산업사회로 빠르게 진입하고 있다. 이러한 후기산업사회의 영향으로 기여방식에 기초하는 기존의 전통적인 연금보험은 자칫 노인빈곤위기와 재정위기를 동시에 맞이할 수 있는 위험을 안고 있다. 우리나라는 지금까지 이 두 거시적 위기 중 재정위기에 대응하는 정책을 중심으로 추진하면서 노인 빈곤위기는 상대적으로 등한시 되어 왔다. 이로 인해 우리나라는 장기적으로 노인빈곤위기에 직면할 가능성을 배제할 수 없는 실정이다. 이러한 반성에 기초하여 향후에는 국민경제의 성장과 선순환관계를 유지하면서 보다 노인빈곤위기에 중점을 둔 노후보장정책을 추진할 필요가 있다. 이에 본 연구는 기초노령연금의 개선을 통한 기초보장의 강화, 실업 및 저소득기간 등에 대한 크레딧 부여 등으로 국민연금제도의 내실화, 특수직역연금의 다원화 개혁 및 퇴직연금제도의 노후보장기능 강화를 통한 실질적 다충보장체계의 구축, 연기금의 활용을 통한 재활·직업훈련 등 사회서비스 투자확대 등을 그 핵심 전략으로 제시하고 있다.