강제적 사용 환경에서 정보시스템 지속에 대한 상황요인의 영향에 관한 연구

김대환(Dae Hwan Kim),한정희(Jung Hee Han),장활식(Hwal Sik Chang) 한국경영학회 2010 經營學硏究 Vol.39 No.2

The purpose of this study is to investigate the value of contingency factors on post-adoptive beliefs that influence a user’s satisfaction and intention in the context of mandatory continued IS usage. It is certain that long-term viability of an IS and its eventual success depend on its continued use rather than its first-time use(Bhattacherjee, 2001b). If management wants to promote continued IS usage behavior of users, it is necessary to understand what drives it. We are great on the two existing circumstances. First, when does the IS usage behavior really begin? When a user does decide to accept it? Or when the user uses it to carry out assigned work tasks? Because of the path-dependent nature of IT adoption and use processes in general(Rogers, 2003), post-adoptive behavior must be framed within this larger context. However, we only focus on post-adoptive behavior, because obvious distinctions have been observed between pre-adoptive and post-adoptive beliefs and behaviors(Karahanna et al., 1999; Oliver, 1980). TAM has primarily focused on adoption under the implicit assumption that users' attitude and intention are mainly determined by pre-adoptive cognitive beliefs. It does not reveal what is really driving continued usage behavior above and beyond the antecedents derived from TAM researches. Alternatively, the expectation-confirmation model of IS continuous (ECM-IS continuous)(by Bhattacherjee, 2001b) based on a solid theoretical foundation that focuses on an individual’s psychological motives during post-adoption, and it has been successfully adapted to the IS continuous context. As mentioned reasons, we decided to use Bhattacherjee’s model instead of TAM as the departure of our study. Second, this study focuses on the environments where usage is mandatory. In today’s organizations, tasks are increasingly depending on work systems, forcing their members to use the systems to increase their job productivity. The contingency approach suggests that a number of contextual variables influence the performance of IS; the better the 'fit' between these variables and the design and use of the IS, the better the IS performance(Weill and Olson, 1989). Previous researches have in particular emphasized the task-technology fit, job relevance, or compatibility with work in the context of IS mandatory(Kim et al., 2007). Task characteristics have a huge effect on a user’s satisfaction on their IS and success of the system (Raymond and Bergeron, 1992; Sanders and Courtney, 1985). In addition, in IS field it has been identified that individual factors can be as important as task factors for the success of IS. User characteristics are also found to affect the post-adoptive beliefs. We consider users’ individual characteristic as well as work task characteristic as contingent factors in the context of mandatory IS usage. Accordingly, this paper proposes a contingency approach relating selected task characteristics and user characteristics on ECM-IS continuous in mandated environments. In this research, task characteristics were include in task variability and analyzability, and user characteristics were include system-specific self-efficacy and user education and training, which affects to form users’ cognitive belief such as expectation-confirmation and perceived usefulness during post-adoption. This paper attempts to expand the set of contingency factors in the ECM-IS continuous, in order to confirm the application of the ECM-IS continuous in IS mandatory usage context. The expanded ECM-IS continuous, incorporating the contingency factors of task variability, task analyzability, system-specific self-efficacy, and user education and training, was empirically validated with data collected from a field survey of 169 existing users of e-customs system. We used partial least square(PLS) to examine the reliability and validity of the measures, and to analyze this extended ECM-IS continuous. We chose PLS for two reasons. First, our model has form

품질경영시스템의 요구사항이 지속적 개선과 경영성과에 미치는 영향

한경동,박무현 한국경영교육학회 2012 경영교육연구 Vol.27 No.4

The purposes of this study are: 1) to identify problems based on an analysis of causal relationships between the requirements of ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System and the continuous improvement, and 2) to find out an effective method which is needed to implement the Quality Management System within small and medium companies. The findings of this study are as follows:First, it was found that the requirements of management responsibility, resource management and measurement, analysis and improvement by ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System have statistically significant positive effects on the continuous improvement. Second, it was found that product realization has no statistically significant positive effects on the corporate continuous improvement. Third, it was found that the causal link between continuous improvement, which was pursued by ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System, and the corporate management performance is statistically significant and positive. In conclusion, many Korean manufacturers have increased their management performance by developing and executing quality management systems. In order to reach a higher level of quality, it is needed to make long-term efforts of establishing the quality-oriented culture in the company so that systematic approaches and process management, promoted by ISO 9001:2008 Quality Management System, can take firm roots. 본 연구의 목적은 ISO 9001:2008 품질경영시스템의 요구사항과 지속적 개선 활동, 경영성과 간의 인과관계를 분석하여 문제점을 도출하고 연구 결과를 토대로 중소 제조 기업들이 품질경영시스템을 구축하거나 실행하기 위한 효과적인 방안을 제시하는 것이다. 이와 같은 연구 목적을 달성하고자 문헌연구와 실증연구를 병행하였다. 수집된 자료의 분석결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, ISO 9001:2008 품질경영시스템 요구사항 중 경영책임, 자원관리, 측정ㆍ분석 및 개선이 기업의 지속적 개선 활동에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났으나 제품실현은 기업의 지속적 개선 활동에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, ISO 9001:2008 품질경영시스템의 요구사항에서 추구하는 지속적 개선 활동이 기업의 경영성과에 긍정적으로 영향을 미치는 것으로 확인되었다. 우리나라 제조 기업들은 짧지 않은 기간 동안 적극적으로 품질경영 활동을 전개하여 온 결과, 본 연구에서 파악된 바와 같이 상당한 수준의 성과를 이루고 있는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 품질경영 활동을 통해 좀 더 높은 수준의 품질을 확보하기 위해서는 ISO 9001:2008 품질경영시스템에서 강조하는 시스템적 접근과 프로세스 관리가 체질화 될 수 있도록 기업의 품질문화를 정착시키려는 장기적인 노력이 필요할 것이다.

Continuous Task Scheduling in Multiprocessor Real-time System using GA

김현철 경주대학교 정보전자기술연구소 2005 情報電子技術論叢 Vol.4 No.-

멀티 프로세서 시스템에서 스케줄링은 매우 중요한 부분이지만, 최적의 해를 구하는 것이 복잡하여 다양한 휴리스틱 방법들에 의한 스케줄링 알고리즘들이 제안되고 있다. 최근 유전 알고리즘을 사용한 멀티 프로세서 스케줄링 알고리즘들이 제시되고 있지만, 제시된 알고리즘 대부분은 한가지만의 목적을 가지는 단순한 알고리즘이다. 본 논문에서는 유전 알고리즘을 이용한 새로운 스케줄링 알고리즘을 제시한다. 또한, 해를 구하는 과정에서 시뮬레이티드 어닐링(simulated annealing)의 확률을 이용하여 유전 알고리즘의 성능을 개선시킨다. 제시된 알고리즘은 태스크들의 최종 수행 완료 시간(makespan)을 최소화하는 것과 사용된 프로세서의 수를 최소화하는 두 가지의 목표를 가진다. 모의 실험을 통하여 제시된 알고리즘이 다른 알고리즘보다 최종 수행 완료 시간과 사용된 프로세서의 수에서 더 나은 결과를 보임을 확인할 수 있었다. Multimedia systems combine a various information sources, such as audio, video, text, graphics and image, into the wide range of application. Video and audio data are referred to as continuous media due to their real-time delivery requirements whereas text, graphics and image data are referred to as discrete media. Real-time systems are characterized by computational activities with timing constraints and classified into two categories: hard real-time system and soft real-time system. In hard real-time system, deadline missing can be catastrophic. The goal of hard real-time scheduling algorithms is to meet all tasks'deadlines, in other words, to keep the feasibility of scheduling through admission control. However, in the case of soft real-time systems, slight violence of deadlines is not so critical. In multimedia system, especially, continuous media is one of typical task in soft real-time system. In this paper, we propose a new tasks scheduling algorithm for continuous tasks in multiprocessor soft real-time system using period-based genetic algorithm. The objective of proposed scheduling algorithm is to minimize the sum of all tasks' deadline missing time. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is shown through a simulation study.

동적 시스템 분류 및 모델링 시뮬레이션 기법 조사 연구

송해상 서원대학교 미래창조연구소 2012 과학과 문화 Vol.9 No.1

Complex systems, such as weapon systems, robot systems, and electro-mechanical systems, may consist of subsystems of heterogeneous types in their representation of dynamic behavior. Accordingly, mathematical models of such systems are a mixture of different types four of which are continuous, discrete time, digital and discrete event models. This paper, first, surveys the modeling and simulation methodologies of four types of dynamic systems classified in terms of continuous and/or discrete time and state. It then reviews modeling simulation methodologies of a hybrid system with a proposal of taxonomy of the system. Finally, modeling and simulation of a hybrid system is exemplified using a simplified ship-to-surface missile system.

자동혈액배양기 VITAL 시스템을 이용한 혈액배양에서 최종 맹계대배양 평가

이정수,이미애,정화순 대한임상병리학회 1998 대한임상병리학회지 Vol.18 No.2

Wind resistance performance of a continuous welding stainless steel roof under static ultimate wind loading with testing and simulation methods

DaYang Wang,Zhendong Zhao,Tong Ou,Zhiyong Xin,Mingming Wang,Yongshan Zhang 한국풍공학회 2021 Wind and Structures, An International Journal (WAS Vol.32 No.1

Ultrapure ferritic stainless steel provides a new generation of long-span metal roof systems with continuous welding technology, which exhibits many unknown behaviors during wind excitation. This study focuses on the wind-resistant capacity of a new continuous welding stainless steel roof (CWSSR) system. Full-scale testing on the welding joints and the CWSSR system is performed under uniaxial tension and static ultimate wind uplift loadings, respectively. A finite element model is developed with mesh refinement optimization and is further validated with the testing results, which provides a reliable way of investigating the parameter effect on the wind-induced structural responses, namely, the width and thickness of the roof sheeting and welding height. Research results show that the CWSSR system has predominant wind-resistant performance and can bear an ultimate wind uplift loading of 10.4 kPa without observable failures. The welding joints achieve equivalent mechanical behaviors as those of base material is produced with the current of 65 A. Independent structural responses can be found for the roof sheeting of the CWSSR system, and the maximum displacement appears at the middle of the roof sheeting, while the maximum stress appears at the connection supports between the roof sheeting with a significant stress concentration effect. The responses of the CWSSR system are greatly influenced by the width and thickness of the roof sheeting but are less influenced by the welding height. Ultrapure ferritic stainless steel provides a new generation of long-span metal roof systems with continuous welding technology, which exhibits many unknown behaviors during wind excitation. This study focuses on the wind-resistant capacity of a new continuous welding stainless steel roof (CWSSR) system. Full-scale testing on the welding joints and the CWSSR system is performed under uniaxial tension and static ultimate wind uplift loadings, respectively. A finite element model is developed with mesh refinement optimization and is further validated with the testing results, which provides a reliable way of investigating the parameter effect on the wind-induced structural responses, namely, the width and thickness of the roof sheeting and welding height. Research results show that the CWSSR system has predominant wind-resistant performance and can bear an ultimate wind uplift loading of 10.4 kPa without observable failures. The welding joints achieve equivalent mechanical behaviors as those of base material is produced with the current of 65 A. Independent structural responses can be found for the roof sheeting of the CWSSR system, and the maximum displacement appears at the middle of the roof sheeting, while the maximum stress appears at the connection supports between the roof sheeting with a significant stress concentration effect. The responses of the CWSSR system are greatly influenced by the width and thickness of the roof sheeting but are less influenced by the welding height

지방자치단체의 자율적 내부통제시스템구축 사례와 발전방향

정운섭,신경식 (사)한국정부회계학회 2017 정부회계연구 Vol.15 No.2

This study seeks to find out the development direction of Cheongbaek-e system from the mid-term and long-term perspective by identifying and diagnosing the performance and problems of the Cheongbaek-e system, an autonomous internal control system introduced in 2012. Especially, as the fourth industrial revolution, artificial intelligence and big data technology are expanding, the purpose of this study is to examine the feasibility of the next generation preventive audit system. Cheongbaek-e system has been evaluated as showing the results such as anti-corruption prevention, administrative error, and tax incomes through constant monitoring using local government's IT. However, since it is possible to cause administrative inefficiency due to scenarios with high exclusion rates in the current operating scenario, continuous activities are needed to lower the exclusion rate by expanding additional data linkages. To achieve this, it is necessary to secure legal authority to expand additional data linkage. In addition, since the Cheongbaek-e system has a limitation of monitoring control that is immediately checked, in order to be proactive internal control, automatic control should be redesigned as internal control in each business system so that any malfunction or administrative error should be blocked. It is desirable to design and implement the next generation system of each business system in the mid to long term in view of the internal control perspective at the design stage. As a project, it is necessary to develop a common framework for the Cheongbaek- e system and the pre-emptive embedded control system that will be applied to the next-generation business systems. There is an opportunity to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of auditing by developing the intelligent audit support system required for the auditors of Cheongbaek-e results. Currently, it is necessary to select the fields that do not overlap with the audit analysis system being pursued by the Board of Audit and Inspection. 본 연구는 2012년부터 도입된 지방자치단체의 자율적 내부통제시스템인 청백-e 시스템의 성과와 문제점을 파악 진단함으로써 중장기적 관점에서 청백-e 시스템의 발전방향을 모색하고자 한다. 특히 4차 산업혁명, 인공지능 및 빅데이터 기술이 확대되고 있는 상황에서 차세대 예방 감사체계의 구현 가능성을 타진하기 위한 것이다. 청백-e 시스템은 지방자치단체의 IT를 활용한 상시 모니터링을 통해서 비리예방, 행정오류, 세원수입 발굴 등의 성과를 발휘한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 그러나 현재 운영 중인 시나리오 중에 제외율이 높은 시나리오로 인해 행정 비효율을 발생시킬 수 있으므로 추가 데이터 연계 확대를 통해서 제외율을 낮추기 위한 지속적인 활동이 필요하다. 이를 위해서는 추가 데이터 연계를 확대할 수 있는 법적권한 확보를 추진할 필요가 있다. 또한 청백-e 시스템은 즉시 점검하는 모니터링 통제라는 한계점을 내재하고 있으므로 사전 예방적인 내부통제가 되기 위해서는 각 업무시스템에 자동통제가 내재화된 통제(Embedded Controls)로 재설계되어 비리나 행정오류가 원천적으로 차단되어야 할 것이다. 중장기적으로 각 업무시스템의 차세대 시스템 구현 시 업무 요건 및 설계 단계에서 내부통제 관점을 반영하여 설계하고 구현하는 것이 바람직하다. 이를 구현하기 위한 추진 과제로서 차세대 업무시스템에 공통 적용할 청백-e 시스템과 사전예방적인 내재화된 통제('통합내부통제‘)의 공통 프레임워크 개발이 필요하다. 청백-e 결과를 활용하고 업무에 대한 모니터링 기능을 넘어서서 발생 가능한 부정행위의 예방 및 적발 효율성을 높이기 위해서는 업무당사자가 아닌 제 3자의 감사를 지원할 지능형 감사시스템의 도입을 검토할 필요가 있으나 현재 감사원에서 추진 중인 감사분석시스템과 중복되지 않는 분야를 선택해서 추진할 필요가 있다.

미국의 성년후견제도를 통한 우리나라에의 시사점 - 신상보호를 중심으로 -

이충은 ( Lee Choong-eun ),박근수 ( Park Keun-soo ) 제주대학교 법과정책연구소 2016 法과 政策 Vol.22 No.2

미국은 성년후견제도에 상응하는 제도로 종래부터 전통적인 법정후견제도가 있었다. 또한 지속적 대리권 수여제도, 리빙윌, 신탁이라는 법정후견제도의 대체제도도 존재한다. 이들의 제도는 각각의 장단점이 있으며, 서로 다른 제도로 보완하는 것이 가능하다. 본인의 잔존능력과 의사결정을 최대한으로 존중하기 위하여 가장 적합한 방법을 채택하는 것이 중요한 것으로 여겨지고 있기 때문이다. 의사능력을 상실하는 단계는 개인마다 차이를 보이며, 일률적으로 결정되는 것도 아니다. 따라서 각각의 제도가 가능한 한 유연하게 적용될 수 있도록 제도의 검토가 이루어져야 할 것이다. 미국에서 전통적 법정후견제도는 피후견인의 심각한 인권침해와 충분한 절차 없이 진행된 피후견인의 권한의 박탈 등 많은 문제점들이 야기되고 있다. 이러한 문제를 극복하기 위하여 법정후견제도의 대체제도가 이용되고 있지만, 대리인을 감독할 수 있는 시스템이 마련되지 않아 대리인의 권한남용 문제가 발생하게 된다. 법정후견제도와 그 대체제도가 적절하게 조화되어 적용이 된다면 이와 같은 문제점을 해결하는 것을 물론, 지원을 필요로 하는 고령자나 장애인이 다양한 제도 중에서 자신에게 맞는 것을 선택할 수 있는 복지제도로 거듭날 수 있을 것이다. 특히, 미국은 후견과 대리, 신탁, 유언 등의 고령자에 관한 법을 종합한 고령자법(Elder Law)이 존재하여 각 제도에 대한 종합적인 검토가 이루어져 왔으며, 법률 이외에도 사회복지, 의료 등의 분야를 관련지어 논의되어 왔다는 점에서 우리에게 시사 하는바가 크다. 이에 본 논문은 미국의 종래의 전통적인 법정후견제도와 법정후견제도의 대체제도인 지속적 대리권 수여제도, 의료를 위한 지속적 대리권제도, 리빙윌, 신탁제도를 살펴본 후, 각 제도와의 관계를 검토함으로써 신상보호에 대한 향후 방향을 제시하고 있다. As a system corresponding to American guardianship system, there was a traditional legal guardian system originally in Korea. Also, a presentation system of a continuing power of attorney and subordinate systems called living will and trust exist. These systems have strong and weak points respectively. To supplement each other is possible. It is because to choose the most proper method was considered important in order to maximally respect remaining capacity of one’s own and decision making. A stage to lose mental capacity is different per person and is not decided uniformly. So, examination of systems should be realized so that each system can be applied flexibly as much as possible. The traditional legal guardianship system in the US causes a lot of problems such as serious violation of human rights of a ward and deprivation of the rights of a ward which was processed without enough procedures. Although subordinate systems of the legal guardian system are used so as to overcome these problems, a system to control an agent is not prepared. Therefore, a problem of abuse of rights occurs. If the legal guardian system and the subordinate systems are applied to cases suitably and harmoniously, the above problems can be solved. Besides, they will be reborn as welfare systems to select one thing proper for an aged person or a disabled person himself / herself among diverse systems. Especially, in the USA, because there is Elder Law that laws for aged people have been integrated, such as guardianship, agency, trust, and will, synthetic examination about each system is being realized. In addition to laws, in that discussions related to welfare, medical treatment, and so on are made, they have great implications for us. Hence, after looking into the US existing traditional legal guardianship system and subordinate systems of the legal guardian system such as the presentation system of the continuing power of attorney, continuing power of attorney for medical treatment, living will, and trust, this paper proposes future directions on the protection of someone’s body by looking into relation with each system.

모션 히스토리 영상 및 기울기 방향성 히스토그램과 적출 모델을 사용한 깊이 정보 기반의 연속적인 사람 행동 인식 시스템

음혁민(Hyukmin Eum),이희진(Heejin Lee),윤창용(Changyong Yoon) 한국지능시스템학회 2016 한국지능시스템학회논문지 Vol.26 No.6

본 논문은 깊이 정보를 기반으로 모션 히스토리 영상 및 기울기 방향성 히스토그램과 적출 모델을 사용하여 연속적인 사람행동들을 인식하는 시스템을 설명하고 연속적인 행동 인식 시스템에서 인식 성능을 개선하기 위해 행동 적출을 수행하는 적출 모델을 제안한다. 본 시스템의 구성은 전처리 과정, 사람 행동 및 적출 모델링 그리고 연속적인 사람 행동 인식으로 이루어져 있다. 전처리 과정에서는 영상 분할과 시공간 템플릿 기반의 특징을 추출하기 위하여 Depth-MHI-HOG 방법을 사용하였으며, 추출된 특징들은 사람 행동 및 적출 모델링 과정을 통해 시퀀스들로 생성된다. 이 생성된 시퀀스들과 은닉마르코프 모델을 사용하여 정의된 각각의 행동에 적합한 사람 행동 모델과 제안된 적출 모델을 생성한다. 연속적인 사람행동 인식은 연속적인 행동 시퀀스에서 적출 모델에 의해 의미 있는 행동과 의미 없는 행동을 분할하는 행동 적출과 의미있는 행동 시퀀스에 대한 모델의 확률 값들을 비교하여 연속적으로 사람 행동들을 인식한다. 실험 결과를 통해 제안된 모델이 연속적인 행동 인식 시스템에서 인식 성능을 효과적으로 개선하는 것을 검증한다. In this paper, recognition system for continuous human action is explained by using motion history image and histogram of oriented gradient with spotter model based on depth information, and the spotter model which performs action spotting is proposed to improve recognition performance in the recognition system. The steps of this system are composed of pre-processing, human action and spotter modeling and continuous human action recognition. In pre-processing process, Depth-MHI-HOG is used to extract space-time template-based features after image segmentation, and human action and spotter modeling generates sequence by using the extracted feature. Human action models which are appropriate for each of defined action and a proposed spotter model are created by using these generated sequences and the hidden markov model. Continuous human action recognition performs action spotting to segment meaningful action and meaningless action by the spotter model in continuous action sequence, and continuously recognizes human action comparing probability values of model for meaningful action sequence. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed model efficiently improves recognition performance in continuous action recognition system.

A study of continuous stem girder systems

Kim, Boksun,Wright, Howard D.,Cairns, Roy Techno-Press 2001 Structural Engineering and Mechanics, An Int'l Jou Vol.11 No.5

A new beam system comprising two cantilever stems and an interspan composite beam has been developed and its design philosophy is described in this paper. The system provides the equivalent of a semi-continuous beam without the requirement to calculate the moment rotation capacity of the beam-to-column connection. The economy of braced frames using the system has been investigated and compared with simple, continuous or semi-rigid systems. It is shown that the costs of the proposed system are similar to the semi-rigid system and cheaper than both the simply supported and rigid beam systems. Two tests have been carried out on 6 meter span beams, which also incorporated an asymmetric flange steel section. The behaviour of the system is presented and the test results are compared with those obtained from the theory.